矩形件优化排样问题的混合遗传算法求解

利用遗传算法结合剩余矩形排样法求解矩形件正交排样问题。通过遗传算法将矩形件正交排样问题转化为一个排列问题，并引人剩余矩形排样算法来惟一确定每一个排列所对应的排样图（即排样方案），两者结合用于求解矩形件排样问题。最后用此混合遗传算法对文献[1]中的两个算例进行了验证，表明了其有效性。     

矩形件优化排样问题的混合遗传算法求解

利用遗传算法结合剩余矩形排样法求解矩形件正交排样问题。通过遗传算法将矩形件正交排样问题转化为一个排列问题,并引入剩余矩形排样算法来惟一确定每一个排列所对应的排样图(即排样方案),两者结合用于求解矩形件排样问题。最后用此混合遗传算法对文献[1]中的两个算例进行了验证,表明了其有效性。     

矩形件排样问题的遗传算法求解

本文研究了求解矩形件正交排样优化问题的遗传算法。同时，将矩形件正交排样问题转化为一个排列问题，提出了求一个排列所对应的排样图的下台阶算法（改进的ＢＬ算法）将下台阶算法与遗传算法相结合，用于矩形件排样问题的求解，给出了该算法的实现。用该算法对文献中的两个算例进行了求解，结果表明该算法获得了比ＢＬ算法更好的解，是一种较为行之有效的方法。     

基于遗传算法求解带公差的“一刀切”问题

矩形件排样是典型的组合优化问题,在很大程度上影响着企业生产效率。将遗传算法与启发式规则相结合,同时在排样过程中考虑待排样式的公差,求解"一刀切"矩形件排样问题。首先,采用实数基因编码方式,由实数基因值与启发式信息结合确定待排样式的优先权。其次,基于待排样式的最小极限尺寸,采用两步解码方法。第一步为初始填充,将待排样式组合成满足"一刀切"的可行条料,并求解板材利用率最高的条料填充方式;第二步为对第一步剩余空白区的填充,求解不同启发式信息下,空白区利用率最高的待排样式填充方式。再者,基于待排样式的最大极限尺寸和板材尺寸,对最优排样方案进行调整。最后,以VB6.0为开发工具将算法实现,并通过实例对比分析证明了算法的有效性。     

遗传算法在矩形件优化排样中的应用

遗传算法是一种全局优化的数值计算方法。与传统优化算法相比,它对函数的要求不高,一般不会陷入局部最优解,更适应于求解大规模离散化问题。该文将遗传算法应用于工程问题的一个典型离散优化问题矩形件优化排样。通过该算法可以找出高效率的排样加工方法。设计结果能广泛应用于各零件的排样加工实例。     

一种快速的有约束矩形件优化排样模型

为了有效地解决有约束的矩形件优化排样问题,提出一种快速的求解算法;通过比较待排样矩形件的不同排样模式,选择最优排样方案。算法完全基于解析计算,虽不能寻找理论最优解,但相比于各种启发式算法大大提高了排样速度。实验结果表明,算法能够在较短的计算时间内获得满意的排样效果,是一种效率较高的有约束矩形件排样算法。     

基于两段排样方式的矩形件优化下料算法

针对矩形件下料问题,提出一种基于两段排样方式的优化下料算法。首先构造一 种约束排样算法,生成矩形件在板材上的两段排样方式。然后采用列生成算法依据矩形件剩余 需求量迭代调用上述约束排样算法生成一个虚拟下料方案,按照不产生多余矩形件原则选取虚 拟下料方案中的部分排样方式加入到实际下料方案中,更新矩形件剩余需求量;重复上述步骤 直到矩形件剩余需求量为零。采用文献中基准例题将该算法与2 种文献算法进行比较,数值实 验结果表明该算法下料利用率比2 种文献算法分别高1.61%和0.78%。     

二维不规则零件排样问题的遗传算法求解

提出一种基于遗传算法求解二维不规则零件排样问题的方法，通过提取零件的最小包络矩形，将其转变为矩形件的正交排样问题，应用一种有效的解码算法－“最低水平线法”将编码转变为排样图。实例表明，该算法是有效的。     

求解矩形件优化排样的自适应模拟退火遗传算法

矩形件优化排样是一个NPC问题,在工业界有着广泛的应用.针对该问题,提出一种自适应模拟退火遗传算法.采用一种基于环形交叉算子和环形变异算子的自适应遗传算法来自动调整交叉和变异概率;同时引入模拟退火算法对个体适应度大于平均适应度的个体进行退火处理.自适应模拟退火遗传算法充分发挥了自适应遗传算法与模拟退火算法各自的全局搜索能力与局部搜索能力.对比实验表明,该算法结合改进的最左最下布局算法解决矩形件优化排样问题更加有效.     

基于自适应遗传算法和多条带策略的排样方法研究

针对现代工业工艺生产中普遍存在的矩形件排样优化问题,在遗传算法的主要环节应用性能较优的算子对矩形件排样序列进行了求解,并运用交叉概率和变异概率能自适应调整的方法来提高遗传算法的收敛速度及稳定性。提出了满足工艺生产切割要求的多条带策略,辅以最低水平线算法的择优插入策略对矩形件序列进行解码。实验结果表明, 与分层策略相比,所提出的排样方法不仅能得到 更高、更稳定的板材利用率,而且还能提高工艺生产的效率并降低生产的时间成本,具有重要的现实意义。     

基于重要度的矩形工件优化填充排样算法

大规模矩形件优化排样是一个典型的组合优化问题,属于NP2hard问题。矩形件优化排样已广泛应用于板材切割、瓷砖铺设、服装裁剪等行业。在实际排样工作中发现,决策者对工件的选择不仅要考虑大小、工件费用、铺设利用率等诸多因素,往往还需要考虑颜色、花式、铺设方式等因素。基于这种状况,引入排样属性重要度的概念,提出了基于重要度的矩形工件优化填充排样算法,使用计算机辅助排样。通过实例排样表明了该算法的有效性和实用性。     

Sequential optimization approach for nesting and cutting sequence in laser cutting

The economy of the laser cutting process depends on two productivity issues: (i) nesting, a classic problem of finding the most efficient layout for cutting parts with minimum material waste; (ii) cutting sequence, which targets the optimal sequence of edges of the parts to be cut for minimum cycle time. This paper presents a two stage sequential optimization procedure for nesting and cutting sequence for the objectives of maximizing material utilization and minimization of ideal (non-cut) travel distance of laser cut tool. However, the focus of this paper is the development of solution technique for optimal cutting sequence to any given layout. Simulated annealing algorithm (SAA) is considered to evolve the optimal cutting sequence. The proposed SAA is illustrated with the optimal material utilization layout obtained using sheet cutting suite software, a professional rectangular nesting software package. The robust test carried out with five typical problems shows that the SAA proposed for cutting sequence is capable of providing near optimal solutions. The performance comparison with two literature problems reveals that the proposed SAA is able to give improved result than GA and ACO algorithms.     

基于最优子段的矩形优化排样

为有效解决企业实际生产中的矩形优化排样问题,对矩形优化排样算法进行研究, 给出基于最优子段的矩形优化排样算法,有效解决了企业实际生产中的长板矩形优化排样问题。 首先基于动态规划算法求出所有小于剪床刀刃长度的最优子段的最佳排样方式,然后以所求的最 优子段作为可用子段在长板上进行优化排样,并将矩形优化排样问题转化为完全背包问题。最后 基于分支定界技术的整数规划算法对其进行求解。企业应用实例表明该算法在解决长板矩形优化 问题方面优于其他算法。     

矩形件无约束二维板材剪切的4块排样算法

针对矩形件无约束二维板材剪切排样问题,提出一种新的4块排样方式及其生成算法.该排样方式将板材划分成4个块,对每个块,按照递归方式进行排样.选择一行同种矩形件放置在块的左下角,沿着这行矩形件的上边界和右边界将该块剩余部分划分成两个更小的子块以待进一步递归考察.首先,构造动态规划算法一次性生成所有可能尺寸的块中矩形件的递归...     

Multi-objective layout optimization of a satellite module using the Wang-Landau sampling method with local search

The layout design of satellite modules is considered to be NP-hard. It is not only a complex coupled system design problem but also a special multi-objective optimization problem. The greatest challenge in solving this problem is that the function to be optimized is characterized by a multitude of local minima separated by high-energy barriers. The Wang-Landau (WL) sampling method, which is an improved Monte Carlo method, has been successfully applied to solve many optimization problems. In this paper we use the WL sampling method to optimize the layout of a satellite module. To accelerate the search for a global optimal layout, local search (LS) based on the gradient method is executed once the Monte-Carlo sweep produces a new layout. By combining the WL sampling algorithm, the LS method, and heuristic layout update strategies, a hybrid method called WL-LS is proposed to obtain a final layout scheme. Furthermore, to improve significantly the efficiency of the algorithm, we propose an accurate and fast computational method for the overlapping depth between two objects (such as two rectangular objects, two circular objects, or a rectangular object and a circular object) embedding each other. The rectangular objects are placed orthogonally. We test two instances using first 51 and then 53 objects. For both instances, the proposed WL-LS algorithm outperforms methods in the literature. Numerical results show that the WL-LS algorithm is an effective method for layout optimization of satellite modules.     

生成矩形毛坯最优两段排样方式的确定型算法

排样价值、切割工艺和计算时间是排样问题主要考虑的3个因素.文中提出一个新的基于排样模式的确定型排样算法——同质块两段排样算法,此算法适合剪冲下料工艺,在实现工艺简化的同时提高了排样价值时间比.首先通过动态规划算法生成最优同质块,然后求解一维背包问题生成块在级中的最优排样方式和级在段中的最优排样方式,最后选择两个段生成最优的两段排样方式.通过3组经典测题对该文算法进行了测试,将算法与4种著名算法进行了比较.实验结果表明,该文算法的优化结果好于以上4种著名算法,有效地提高了板材利用率,并且计算时间合理.     

带静不平衡约束的矩形装填问题的启发式算法

卫星舱布局问题不仅是一个复杂的耦合系统设计问题,也是一个特殊的优化问题,具有NP难度性。解决这类问题最大的挑战在于需要优化的目标函数具有大量的被高能势垒分隔开的局部极小值点。Wang-Landau（WL）抽样算法是一种改进的蒙特卡罗方法,已经被成功地运用蛋白质结构预测等优化问题。本文以卫星舱布局优化问题为背景,首次将WL抽样算法引入矩形装填问题的求解。针对矩形装填物的特点,提出了启发式格局更新策略,以引导抽样算法在解空间中进行有效行走。为了加速搜索全局最优解,每次蒙特卡罗扫描生成新的布局时,便执行梯度法进行局部搜索。通过将局部搜索机制、启发式格局更新策略与WL抽样算法相结合,提出了一种用于解决带静不平衡约束的任意矩形装填问题的启发式布局算法。在布局优化过程中,通过在挤压弹性势能的基础上增加静不平衡量惩罚项并采用质心平移的方法,使布局系统的静不平衡量达到约束要求。另外,为了改进算法的搜索效率,提出了改进的有限圆族法用于装填物之间的干涉性判断和干涉量计算。通过对文献中两组共10个有代表性的算例进行实算,计算结果表明,所提出的装填算法是一种求解带静不平衡性能约束的任意矩形装填问题的有效算法。     

一种改进的遗传算法及其在布局优化中的应用

该文以人造卫星舱布局为背景,研究二维带平衡及不干涉等约束的圆集在圆容器内的布局优化问题,属于NP-困难问题.文章提出一种求解此类问题的改进的遗传算法,即十进制编码控制参数自适应遗传算法,从而缓解了“组合爆炸”和遗传算法的早熟收敛问题.文章给出两个算例(其中一个为作者构造的已知最优解的算例),计算结果表明了此算法的有效性,并且优于数学规划的乘子法的计算结果.此遗传可推广应用于其他布局优化问题的求解.     

一种改进的遗传算法及其在布局优化中的应用S

该文以人造卫星舱布局为背景,研究二维带平衡及不干涉等约束的圆集在圆容器内的布局优化问题,属于NP-困难问题.文章提出一种求解此类问题的改进的遗传算法,即十进制编码控制参数自适应遗传算法,从而缓解了"组合爆炸"和遗传算法的早熟收敛问题.文章给出两个算例(其中一个为作者构造的已知最优解的算例),计算结果表明了此算法的有效性,并且优于数学规划的乘子法的计算结果.此遗传可推广应用于其他布局优化问题的求解.     

An improved genetic algorithm for facility layout problems having inner structure walls and passages

This study proposes an improved genetic algorithm (GA) to derive solutions for facility layouts that are to have inner walls and passages. The proposed algorithm models the layout of facilities on gene structures. These gene structures consist of a four-segmented chromosome. Improved solutions are produced by employing genetic operations known as selection, crossover, inversion, mutation, and refinement of these genes for successive generations. All relationships between the facilities and passages are represented as an adjacency graph. The shortest path and distance between two facilities is calculated using Dijkstra's algorithm of graph theory. Comparative testing shows that the proposed algorithm performs better than other existing algorithms for the optimal facility layout design. Finally, the proposed algorithm is applied to ship compartment layout problems with the computational results compared with an actual ship compartment layout.Scope and purposeFacility layout problems (FLPs) concerning space layout optimization have been investigated in depth by researchers in many fields, such as industrial engineering, management science, and architecture, and various algorithms have been proposed to solve FLPs. However, these algorithms for the FLP cannot consider inner structure walls and passages within the block plan (or available area). They are also limited to a rectangular boundary shape of the block plan. Therefore, these algorithms could not be directly applied to problems having the curved boundary shape such as ship compartment layout, and an innovative algorithm which can treat such problems is needed. In this study, an improved genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed for solving problems having the inner structure walls and passages within an available area of a curved boundary. A comparative test of the proposed algorithm was performed to evaluate its efficiency. Finally, the proposed algorithm is applied to ship compartment layout problems with the computational results compared with an actual ship compartment layout. From the comparative test and the preliminary applications made to the ship's compartment layout, we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has the ability to solve the FLPs having the inner structure walls and passages within the available area of the curved boundary.