Enhancing the mechanical properties of low-carbon steel by a graded dislocation microstructure

In the present paper, the microstructures and mechanical properties of a low-carbon steel processed by graded pre-torsion (PTO) and homogeneous pre-tension (PTE), respectively, have been investigated. Experimental results demonstrate that both PTO and PTE can improve the strength of the low-carbon steel, but at a loss of ductility and toughness. However, a much better strength–ductility–toughness synergy is achieved in samples processed by graded PTO than that in samples subjected to PTE. This enhancement of comprehensive mechanical properties is due to the formation of a graded microstructure, that is, the dislocation-density increases gradually with decreasing the depth from the sample surface. This study provides a strategy for enhancing the mechanical properties of metallic materials by graded plastic deformation.     

780 MPa 超高强钢扭力梁内高压成形研究

目的为了适应载荷和安装空间及轻量化的要求,轿车扭力梁正趋于设计成空心封闭变截面高强钢结构,但高强钢成形存在着回弹大、成形精度低等缺点。方法针对这一问题,采用数值模拟和实验的方法,开展了780 MPa超高强钢扭力梁内高压成形研究,重点研究了预制坯形状对扭力梁内高压成形的影响,并采用响应面模型,优化了预制坯,获得了最优的预制坯形状。在此基础上,研究了加载路径对扭力梁内高压成形过程的影响。结果当扭力梁预成形压下量为62.2 mm,下模引导角为29.2°时,得到了最优的预制坯形状。后续内高压成形过程中,支撑压力过小或补料量过大,在试件端部引起起皱缺陷;支撑压力过大或者补料量过小,补料主要集中于端部,对大膨胀量区域影响较小;当采用补料量为8%的加载路径时,可以有效改善壁厚的分布,避免起皱缺陷。结论合理的预制坯形状能够有效避免超高强钢扭力梁内高压成形过程中的飞边缺陷,而加载路径控制是扭力梁内高压成形过程中避免起皱缺陷和过度减薄,提高成形极限和零件成形精度的重要途径。     

钢骨超高强混凝土框架节点恢复力模型

为了研究钢骨超高强混凝土框架节点的恢复力特性,设计制作了12个试件,进行了低周反复加载试验。观察、记录了试件的受力过程和破坏形态,基于受力过程中试件表现出的典型特征,提出了三折线骨架曲线模型和恢复力模型,并与试验结果进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,试件从受力至破坏的过程可归纳为开裂、通裂、失效3个阶段;在通裂和失效阶段,试件加载、卸载刚度退化明显,出现明显的卸载残余变形;所建议的三折线骨架曲线模型与骨架曲线试验结果吻合较好,直接反映出了试件的受力破坏过程。由建议的三折线恢复力模型计算得到的滞回曲线与试验得到的滞回曲线变化趋势大致相同,吻合程度较高,很好地描述出了钢骨超高强混凝土框架节点的滞回性能。所建议的恢复力模型可供钢骨超高强混凝土框架结构非线性地震反应分析应用。     

高轴压比方钢管高强混凝土柱抗震性能研究

为研究高轴压比方钢管高强混凝土柱的抗震性能,完成了8根轴压比从0.5―0.7的方钢管高强混凝土柱的往复水平加载试验。通过改变试件的轴压比、含钢率和长细比,研究其在往复水平荷载作用下的滞回性能、变形能力以及耗能能力,比较各参数对试验结果的影响。试验结果表明:试件破坏形态为柱底部截面钢管被压曲、核心混凝土被压碎的压弯型破坏;试件的滞回曲线饱满,没有明显的捏缩现象;位移延性系数在3.05―4.07之间,等效粘滞阻尼比在0.25―0.31之间,延性系数和耗能指标均满足结构抗震设计要求。表明高轴压比方钢管高强混凝土柱具有良好的抗震性能。基于ABAQUS分析平台,建立了有限元模型,对试验进行了往复水平荷载作用下的全过程模拟分析。分析结果表明:有限元模型分析得到的滞回曲线与试验滞回曲线总体上吻合较好。     

高轴压比双层钢板-高强混凝土组合剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

为研究高轴压比下双层钢板-高强混凝土组合剪力墙的抗震性能, 对4个剪跨比为2.5的试件进行了拟静力加载试验。通过改变约束拉杆和加劲肋的间距, 研究其在往复水平荷载作用下的破坏机理、滞回性能、变形能力以及耗能能力。试验结果表明, 这种剪力墙的破坏形态为墙底部截面钢板被压曲、核心混凝土被压碎的弯曲型破坏;试件的滞回曲线饱满, 没有明显的捏缩现象;位移延性系数在3.11~4.37, 等效粘滞阻尼比在0.158~0.291, 延性系数和耗能指标均满足结构抗震设计要求。在轴压比相同条件下, 设置加劲肋试件的抗震性能优于设置约束拉杆的试件, 随着约束拉杆和加劲肋间距的减小, 试件的变形能力增加, 表现出较好的耗能能力。     

钢纤维高性能轻骨料混凝土多轴强度和变形特性研究

为了研究钢纤维掺量和三轴应力比对高性能轻骨料混凝土破坏准则和本构关系的影响规律,进行了钢纤维全轻混凝土和钢纤维次轻混凝土多轴强度和变形特性的试验研究,考虑到试验机加载能力和新拌高性能轻骨料混凝土的工作性能,选取的钢纤维体积掺量为0、0.5%、1.0%和1.5%,试验加载路径有单轴拉、压,双轴等压和真三轴压。结果发现在单轴应力和低应力比条件下,钢纤维能够明显地发挥增强阻裂作用,随着钢纤维掺量的增加,中间主应力对极限抗压强度和峰值应变的影响越来越大,且钢纤维体积掺量对两种轻骨料混凝土应力-应变曲线下降段有一定的影响;在高应力比条件下,钢纤维体积掺量对峰值强度、峰值应变和应力-应变曲线下降段无明显影响,但对高应力比下轻骨料混凝土应力-应变曲线上特有的应力平台区域有较大的影响。考虑钢纤维含量特征参数的影响,对普通骨料混凝土的Kotsovos破坏准则进行了相应的修正,得出了适合钢纤维增强轻骨料混凝土的破坏准则表达式。     

高压扭转大塑性变形Al–Mg合金中的晶界结构*

利用透射电镜和高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)研究了高压扭转大塑性变形纳米结构Al–Mg合金中的位错和晶界结构。结果表明: 对尺寸小于100 nm的晶粒, 晶内无位错, 其晶界清晰平直; 而尺寸大于200 nm的大晶粒通常由几个亚晶或位错胞结构组成, 局部位错密度可高达10¹⁷ m^-2, 这些位错往往以位错偶和位错环的形式出现。用HRTEM观察到了小角度及大角度非平衡晶界、小角度平衡晶界和大角度Σ9平衡晶界等不同的晶界结构。基于实验结果, 分析了局部高密度位错、位错胞和非平衡晶界等在晶粒细化过程中的作用, 提出了高压扭转Al–Mg合金的晶粒细化机制。     

异种板材成对液压成形的材料变形行为研究

通过应力分析了异种板材配对液压成形过程板材的变形行为和相互作用,采用DC04、DP450两种板材组成3种配对方案,通过数值模拟和实验获得了3组配对方案中板材的法兰流入量、试件高度和壁厚分布.研究发现,强度低的板材先发生变形,并带动强度高的板材变形,而后者阻碍前者变形,两个板材总体上趋于协同变形,数值模拟和实验结果证明了力学分析结论的正确性.     

300M钢的热变形行为及热锻成形工艺研究现状

300M钢凭其优异的综合力学性能而被广泛应用于飞机起落架大型构件的生产。在大型构件的热锻成形过程中,材料的流动行为及组织演变受到众多因素影响,变形机制复杂。主要从300M钢的热变形本构模型、微观组织演变以及锻造工艺三方面对现有研究进行综述。在热变形本构模型方面,综述了300M钢在单道次及多道次热变形下的本构模型的研究现状。在微观演化方面,综述了300M钢热变形各个阶段所对应的组织演化机制,包括晶粒长大、动态再结晶、静态再结晶、亚动态再结晶以及相变过程。此外,从数值分析角度综述了热锻成形工艺的研究现状。最后,针对现有研究提出了后续值得继续深入研究的方向。     

1010‐cycle fatigue properties of 1800 MPa‐class JIS‐SUP7 spring steel

10¹⁰‐cycle fatigue tests were conducted at 100 Hz for three years and at 20 kHz for one week on 1800 MPa‐class JIS‐SUP7 spring steel. Uniaxial tests up to 10⁸ cycles were also conducted at 120 and 600 Hz. The 120 Hz tests had larger control volumes. The fatigue limit at 10¹⁰ cycles was lower than at 10⁸ cycles, and any frequency effect was shown to be negligible. A size effect was found; the tests with larger control volumes showed results of lower fatigue strength.     

Advances in metals and alloys for joint replacement

Metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites have been employed in joint arthroplasty with ever increasing success since the 1960s. New materials to repair or replace human skeletal joints (e.g. hip, knee, shoulder, ankle, fingers) are being introduced as materials scientists and engineers develop better understanding of the limitations of current joint replacement technologies. Advances in the processing and properties of all classes of materials are providing superior solutions for human health. However, as the average age of patients for joint replacement surgery decreases and the average lifespans of men and women increases worldwide, the demands upon the joint materials are growing. This article focuses solely on advances in metals, highlighting the current and emerging technologies in metals processing, metal surface treatment, and integration of metals into hybrid materials systems. The needed improvements in key properties such as wear, corrosion, and fatigue resistance are discussed in terms of the enhanced microstructures that can be achieved through advanced surface and bulk metal treatments. Finally, far reaching horizons in metals science that may further increase the effectiveness of total joint replacement solutions are outlined.