钴、锰对PTA废水处理中厌氧污泥活性的影响

研究了钴、锰对生产精对苯二甲酸(PTA)的废水处理中厌氧污泥活性的影响。通过污泥产气量与钴、锰含量的关系,可以直观地反映出钴、锰对污泥活性的影响。结果表明:当污水处理系统的钴质量浓度低于200mg/L、锰质量浓度低于100mg/L时,随着钴、锰含量增加,厌氧污泥活性提高,当钴、锰质量浓度分别超过200mg/L和100mg/L时,厌氧污泥的活性受到抑制。     

厌氧活性污泥对闲置厌氧氨氧化污泥再启动影响

为研究厌氧活性污泥接种量对闲置厌氧氨氧化污泥再启动过程影响,通过运行接种不同量厌氧活性污泥及厌氧氨氧化闲置污泥的4个厌氧序批式活性污泥法反应器(SBR),对比研究了不同接种量对厌氧氨氧化菌再启动过程中基质氮去除情况.结果 表明,闲置厌氧氨氧化反应器再启动周期最短,经过92 d运行,接种闲置污泥的反应器NH4+-N和NO...     

4-氯酚对厌氧颗粒污泥产甲烷活性的影响

利用取自ABR反应器的厌氧颗粒污泥,以葡萄糖为共基质,测定了不同浓度4-氯酚对厌氧污泥产甲烷微生物的影响以及活性恢复情况。试验结果表明:4-氯酚对厌氧颗粒污泥产甲烷活性具有较强的抑制作用,当4-氯酚的质量浓度为300 mg/L时,抑制作用最小;并且随着4-氯酚浓度的继续提高,厌氧颗粒污泥的产甲烷活性显著下降。当4-氯酚的质量浓度为400、500、600 mg/L时,相应的抑制程度为31%、68%、54%。4-氯酚对厌氧生物降解葡萄糖反应的抑制作用,在低浓度时发生在反应后期,高浓度时发生在反应初期。同时在恢复试验中不同浓度的4-氯酚对产甲烷的抑制作用仍存在,但有所降低。     

厌氧颗粒污泥研究进展

探究厌氧颗粒污泥形成的机理,总结介绍国内外厌氧颗粒污泥形成模型,并对厌氧颗粒污泥的培养条件、影响因素以及对培养好的颗粒污泥如何保存进行了分析总结.在此基础上提出展望.     

长链脂肪酸对厌氧颗粒污泥产甲烷毒性研究

在间歇培养中研究了不同长链脂肪酸（LCFA）对UASB和EGSB两种反应器厌氧颗粒污泥的产甲烷毒性。结果表明，庚酸，癸酸和油酸对厌氧颗粒污泥产甲烷活性有较强的抑制，EGSB反应器厌氧颗粒污泥对LCFA的抑制表现出比UASB反应器厌氧颗粒污泥更大的耐受能力，LCFA主要通过在颗粒污泥厌氧微生物的吸附而破坏菌体细胞膜的结构。直接杀死厌氧微生物，厌氧颗粒污泥中，利用乙酸的甲烷菌和产氢产乙酸菌受到LCFA的抑制较严重。利用甲酸和利用氢气的甲烷菌受到的抑制程度较小。     

苯酚对厌氧颗粒污泥活性的抑制效应和恢复

通过间歇培养的方式,研究了苯酚对EGSB反应器中颗粒污泥产甲烷活性的抑制和恢复,并通过测定颗粒污泥中辅酶F420、胞外多聚物（ECP）等的含量,研究苯酚对厌氧颗粒污泥微生物的毒性作用。结果表明,不同浓度的苯酚对厌氧颗粒污泥的产甲烷活性都有一定抑制,苯酚浓度越高,抑制程度越严重。如果将苯酚从生物体中迅速去除,产甲烷活性可以逐渐恢复。苯酚对厌氧颗粒污泥中辅酶F420 及胞外多聚物ECP的分泌都有抑制作用。     

厌氧、缺氧与好氧污泥对土霉素的吸附研究

采用活性污泥灭活吸附,考察了吸附平衡时间和pH对吸附的影响.在20℃下建立了Freundlich和Langmuir吸附等温线,考察了多糖类和蛋白质对3种失活污泥吸附土霉素的影响.结果表明,3种失活污泥对土霉素的吸附都在30min以内达到平衡;pH在8～10范围内3种失活污泥对土霉素的吸附率降低,pH大于10时,土霉素转化为其它物质;多糖类和蛋白质都对土霉素的吸附产生抑制作用,糖类的抑制作用明显,而蛋白质的抑制作用较弱.     

超声波对污泥脱水及厌氧消化影响的研究进展

超声波技术作为污泥厌氧消化预处理手段被广泛关注.超声波能改变污泥的性质,改善污泥厌氧消化的性能,但是其处理效果受到频率、强度、作用时间和发生方式等因素的影响,只有在合适的条件下,预处理效果才能达到最佳.本文着重介绍了超声波的频率、强度、作用时间和发生方式对污泥脱水性能、污泥沉降性能、微生物活性和污泥产气等多方面的影响.由于脱水性能和厌氧消化的改善所需要超声波的条件不一样,所以有必要通过进一步实验使预处理效果最优化;同时,为了进一步降低能耗,有效利用超声波与其它预处理技术相结合将是未来的研究方向.     

好氧及厌氧系统污泥培养驯化的研究

通过对好氧及厌氧系统的工艺进行了调试,介绍了好氧与厌氧系统污泥培养驯化的过程,根据过程操作的注意事项得出期间的控制要点:负荷率、温度、PH、去除率。     

进水负荷对升流式厌氧污泥床处理疫病动物废水的影响

采用升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)处理疫病动物废水,研究不同进水负荷条件下反应器的厌氧降解特性,同时考察厌氧过程氨氮含量、挥发性有机酸(VFA)含量、碱度和pH的变化对反应器运行的影响。结果表明,当进水负荷低于4.5 g/(L.d)时,反应器COD去除率达到90%以上,甲烷产率随进水负荷的增加而上升,至最大达到0.32 L/g,VFA积累量小于70mg/L;当进水负荷过高(>4.5g/(L.d))时,反应器内VFA的积累显著上升,并发生VFA的积累类型由乙酸向丙酸的转变;当进水负荷由4.5 g/(L.d)提高至7.5 g/(L.d)时,VFA积累达451 mg/L,且丙酸积累高于232 mg/L,导致厌氧过程甲烷产率降低。反应器甲烷产率(甲烷体积/去除的COD质量)由0.32 L/g下降至0.26 L/g。疫病动物废水厌氧处理过程所产生的高浓度氨氮与厌氧过程可溶性CO2共同作用所形成的碱度可有效缓冲高负荷条件下VFA累积对厌氧降解过程的影响,使反应器维持pH为7.5～8.0的中性环境,可避免有机负荷过高条件下反应器的酸败。     

Ozonation of Primary Sludge and Digested Sludge to Increase Methane Production in a Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment Facility

The purpose of this research was the investigation of the ozonation of sludge as a method to improve anaerobic digestion performance in a chemically enhanced primary treatment facility. Batch tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of ozonation on the physicochemical characteristics of both primary and digested sludge. Then, the performance of semi-continuous anaerobic digesters in combination with ozone treatment was investigated (pre-ozonation and post-ozonation). Ozonation of primary sludge did not increase the soluble COD nor the biodegradable COD, but resulted in the mineralization of a fraction of the organic matter into CO₂. However, the ozonation of anaerobic digested sludge resulted in an increase in soluble COD and biodegradable COD and in a small level of mineralization at the dose of 90 mg O₃/g COD. Pre-ozonation of primary sludge was not effective in enhancing the performance of the anaerobic digester. The coupling of ozonation and anaerobic digestion by means of the post-ozonation of digested sludge was found to be effective in improving methane production (+16%), for COD removal efficiency and for the dewaterability of anaerobic digesters compared to the control digester.     

缓释镍陶粒对废水厌氧处理的影响

以粉煤灰、水泥、石灰、石膏为主要原料,以CaCl2、Na2SO4、Na3PO4为复合添加剂,在制备陶粒过程中加入吸附Ni2+后的硅藻土,采用蒸气养护法制备出缓慢释放微量Ni2+的生物陶粒,并研究其对废水厌氧处理的影响。实验结果表明,陶粒对Ni2+的释放量与陶粒负载Ni2+质量、陶粒蒸养时间有关,陶粒释放平衡时间为9 d,起到了很好的缓释效果;通过在厌氧生物反应器中空白对照组与添加缓释Ni2+陶粒组的对比实验表明,添加缓释Ni2+反应器的COD去除率最高达到89.8%,比空白对照组高出23.6%,缓释陶粒释放出的Ni2+离子能够被微生物很好的吸收利用,提高废水厌氧处理效果,而不会造成水质的污染。     

Study of Methane Decomposition on Fe/MgO-Based Catalyst Modified by Ni,Co, and Mn Additives

Catalytic decomposition of methane (CDM) generates clean hydrogen and carbon nanomaterials. In this study, methane decomposition to hydrogen and carbon was investigated over Ni-, Co-, or Mn-doped Fe/MgO catalysts. The doping effect of different metals, varying from 3 to 10?wt%, was investigated. The catalytic performance of the obtained materials (noted 15%Fe+x%metal/MgO) revealed that the doping effect of Ni, Co, and Mn significantly improved the activity of Fe/MgO. Among the Ni-doped catalyst series, the 15%Fe+3%Ni/MgO catalyst performed better than the rest of the Ni catalysts. The 6%Co-containing catalyst remained the best in terms of activity in the Co-doped catalyst series and the 15%Fe+6%Mn/MgO solid showed better methane conversion for the Mn-doped series. Overall, 3%Ni-containing catalyst displayed the best catalytic performance among all Ni-, Co-, and Mn-doped catalysts. XRD, N₂ sorption, and H₂ temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), Laser–Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under air, and temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) were used for catalyst characterization. The results revealed that all the doped catalysts exhibited better metallic active site distribution than 15%Fe/MgO and proved that metal doping played a crucial role in catalytic performance.     

用微量元素研究中原油田永利探区下二叠统沉积环境

本文利用微量元素组合求出的变差系数、Sr/Ba、B/Ga、Mg/Ca等元素含量比值及B等微量元素含量对中原油田永利探区下二叠统太原组至下石盒子组的18块样品进行了分析研究,得出其可能为泻湖沉积环境的结论,同时也对用微量元素研究沉积环境的方法提出了自己的一些看法。     

Fate and Effects of Fry-Drying Application on Municipal Dewatered Sludge

The present experimental investigation examined the applicability of fry-drying technology for municipal dewatered sludge by using waste engine oil for frying. The process was studied in a 100–180°C temperature range for 2 to 20 min frying times. The cakes were shaped in a diameter range of 1 to 3 cm with 3-cm-length prior to the frying. Experimental points were determined by the Box–Wilson experimental method. Statistical analysis was employed for determining the response function coefficients for variables. The response functions were as dry solids content (DS), volatile solids content (VS), and low heating value (LHV). Experimental and predicted results indicated good agreement with high correlation coefficients. The results showed that fry-drying is an alternative, fast process for sludge drying. In addition, it makes fry-dried sludge as a product with noteworthy LHV. This study provides further insight into the fry-drying of municipal dewatered sludges.     

钛白粉中痕量杂质铁钴镍铜锰的光谱法测定

建立了一种电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)测定钛白粉中痕量杂质铁、钴、镍、铜和锰的方法.采用标准加入法以ICP-OES测定5种痕量杂质元素,试验了各种条件的影响.结果表明:在频率40.68 Hz,高频功率1.2 kW,等离子体冷却气、辅助气、雾化气和样品提升的体积流量分别为15 L/min,0.2 L/min,.8 L/min和1.5 mL/min的条件下进行测量,相对标准偏差均小于5%,准确度和精密度较高.方法简便快速,适合于工矿企业的快速分析.     

污泥堆肥及其复合肥对草坪生物效应和环境效应的影响

研究了污泥堆肥及复合肥对草坪草的生物效应、土壤效应的影响.试验结果表明,污泥堆肥及草坪专用复合肥对草坪草的生长具有良好的生物效应.污泥堆肥及复合肥的施用使草坪草的叶绿素含量增加,污泥堆肥施用量高的叶绿素含量明显高于其它处理,达到了一级水平.试验结果还表明,污泥堆肥及复合肥的施用促进了草坪草叶片对氮素的吸收,使草坪草在成坪期获得了充足的养分.并保持了肥料的持续性.污泥堆肥及复合肥对草坪草具有较好的培肥效应,污泥堆肥及复合肥处理可提高土壤全量及有效N,P和K含量,且明显高于对照组.     

Effect of Fe2+ and Fe0 Applied Photo‐Fenton Processes on Sludge Disintegration

The disintegration of waste active sludge was investigated by photo‐Fenton processes. A batch study was conducted to evaluate parameters, such as Fe²⁺ and Fe⁰ ions and H₂O₂, governing the activated sludge integration by the photo‐Fenton process. Under optimum conditions, the concentration of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) with the classical Fenton process (CFP) increased very rapidly in the first five minutes due to the sufficient presence of reaction components in the medium, and then the rate of increase declined. In the modified Fenton process (FTP), the SCOD concentration increased more slowly as metallic iron powder must first be dissolved. The photo‐Fenton process proved to be a feasible and efficient process for the disintegration of waste sludge.     

Effects of Sludge Characteristics on the Critical Flux of an AnMBR for Sludge Treatment

Anaerobic membrane bioreactors for sludge digestion enable extensive degradation of organic matter with reduced reactor volume. The filtration efficiency mainly determines capex and opex. Filtration efficiency (critical flux in this study) for all digested sludges tested with TS > 2.5 % depended in particular on the apparent viscosity at the membrane surface. It did not correlate sufficiently with, among others, total solids concentration and the capillary suction time. The critical flux was improved by increasing the rotational speed (crossflow) and by reducing the viscosity of the digested sludge by adding iron salts.     

Trace Ru-doped anodic alumina-supported Ni catalysts for steam reforming of kerosene: Activity performance and electrical-heating possibility

A plate-type Ru-doped anodic alumina-supported Ni catalyst was synthesized to investigate its activity and electrical-heating possibility in steam reforming of kerosene (SRK). The catalyst showed a favorable SRK durability, which was associated with a synergistic effect between Ru and Ni, referring to the formation of Ru–Ni alloy. Under an electrical-heating pattern, the SRK system could reach stability within ca. 15 min, and no deactivation was observed during the 10 h test. Therefore, this plate-type catalyst is very promising, because it is a multipurpose reforming catalyst for SRK as well as SRM and has a swift startup.