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石油醚W/O乳状液及其液膜稳定性 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
以破乳率为衡量标准,借助显微镜直接观察,探讨了乳状液含水量、表面活性剂用量、乳化时间、乳化强度等因素对石油醚W/O型乳状液体系稳定性的影响。在实验范围内,乳状液含水量的提高及表面活性剂用量的增加,有利于乳状液的稳定;存在较优的乳化时间20min和乳化强度4000rmin-1。选取脂肪烃、芳香烃、混合烃共6种不同油相制备乳状液,对比其稳定性的差异。此外,还初步考察了石油醚W/O/W液膜溶胀和泄漏问题,结果表明该乳状液膜泄漏率低于3.5%,表观溶胀率约为20%。 相似文献
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采用W/O型乳状液膜提取模拟发酵液中的青霉素,考察膜相添加剂、表面活性剂、载体、解析剂Na2CO3浓度、搅拌速度对青霉素传质和液膜溶胀的影响。以span80为表面活性剂、三辛胺为流动载体、液体石蜡为膜相添加剂、煤油为膜溶剂组成的乳状液膜体系。结果表明:青霉素提取率随表面活性剂和载体浓度的增加而明显增加。但表面活性剂浓度增加使液膜易产生再乳化,而再乳化和搅拌是夹带溶胀产生的主要原因;水的渗透(渗透溶胀)随载体和内相NaCO3浓度升高而增加。液膜溶胀是影响液膜技术工业化应用的关键因素之一。适宜的液膜配方和操作条件,有利于控制液膜溶胀,增加青霉素的提取率。在本研究中,青霉素的提取率最高可达91.5%,液膜溶胀率为16%。 相似文献
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一体化陶瓷外膜乳化装置制备O/W型乳状液 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
引 言膜乳化技术是将分散相以很小的压力压过膜孔 ,在膜表面形成微小的液滴 ,并通过剪切力的作用使小液滴从膜表面脱落而进入连续相的新型乳化技术 .该方法具有低能耗、低剪切力、需要表面活性剂较少、生成的乳液颗粒均匀等特性[1,2 ] ,所用的膜主要有微孔玻璃膜[3] 和陶瓷膜两种[4 ] .微孔玻璃膜的孔径分布较窄 ,通常在小于平均孔径±15 %的范围内变化 ,因此制备出的乳状液粒径分布较窄 ,但对称膜固有的高阻力导致膜的通量较小(通常在 2~ 4 0L·m- 2 ·h- 1) ,制约了其在工业领域的应用 .而陶瓷膜由于具有较高的通量被较多地用于工业化… 相似文献
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This article presents a experimental study on the removal of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) from high salinity wastewater by emulsion liquid membrane (ELM). The ELM contains diethanolamine (DEA) as carrier, kerosene as solvent and span 80 as surfactant. The fundamental parameters (viz. surfactant concentration, carrier concentration, strip phase concentration, phase ratio, agitation speed and time) affecting the removal of H2S were investigated to select the optimum combination of process parameters. The results showed the optimal governing parameters were: inner phase NaOH aqueous solution 2.0 wt%, Surfactant (span 80) 5.0 vol%, carrier (DEA) 6.0 vol%, treat ratio 1:5, agitation speed 250 rpm, agitation time 15 min, respectively, and removal efficiency of 97.3% was achieved. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering 相似文献
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表面活性剂对乳状液膜分离效率的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
综述了基于表面活性剂的乳状液膜分离技术的原理,包括不含流动载体的I型传递机理和含流动载体的Ⅱ型传递机理;介绍了表面活性剂的种类、浓度对乳状液膜的稳定性、分离效率的影响;提出了使用乳状液膜分离技术时选用表面活性剂的原则,并展望了乳状液膜分离技术的发展前景。 相似文献
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研究了以N205为表面活性剂,磺酸基络合剂为流动载体,液体石蜡为膜增强剂,磺化煤油为膜溶剂,盐酸加氯化钠为内水相的乳状液膜在湿法磷酸体系中捕获镁离子时的稳定性。结果表明,表面活性剂用量、内水相反萃剂浓度、萃取时间、萃取转速等对液膜的稳定性均有显著影响。在一定的范围内,随着表面活性剂用量的增加,液膜的稳定性增加。适宜的操作条件为:在1 000 r/min下加内水相,3 000 r/min下制乳15 min,萃取转速为200 r/min。 相似文献
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乳状液膜法提取卤水中的溴 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用兰-113B作为表面活性剂,煤油作为膜溶剂,以碳酸钠为内相试剂,石蜡作为增稠剂,对乳状液膜体系进行了提取卤液中溴的研究。对迁移机理进行了探讨,确定了制乳、分离等最佳操作条件为:表面活性剂兰-113B用量为3%-4%(体积分数),液体石蜡加入量为2%(体积分数),c(Na2cO3)=0.04—0.10mol/L,制乳搅拌速度800~1000r/min,制乳时间7—9min,油内比(V油相/V内相)=5:5,浮水比(Ve/Vw)=1:25,分离时间为7~10min。在最佳操作条件下,乳水中溴的提取效率可达到98%,经过破乳,溴的回收率可以达到95%。 相似文献
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研究了苯基胍废水的乳状液膜处理方法,选择了最佳的液膜体系,考察了各种因素对CODCr去除率的影响。结果表明:以w(表面活性剂L-113A)为3%、φ(添加剂)为6%、φ(盐酸)为10%、油内比Roi为2:1的液膜体系,当乳水比Rcw=1:8、外水相pH值为8~9、传质15min,可使苯胺和苯基胍含量分别为2504mg/L和5985mg/L的苯基胍废水,去除率达99%以上,同时CODCr去除率达74.5%。 相似文献
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Application of the liquid emulsion membrane (LEM) technology to the industrial scale is hindered by the challenges imposed by stability of the emulsion during the transfer of the solute (pertraction). One of the important factors which leads to the instability is swelling. Emulsion undergoes swelling due to the osmotic gradient across the membrane as well as due to the occlusion of the external phase into the membrane phase; the latter is caused by the hydrodynamic deformation of the membrane globules. In the present work, we have studied swelling of the emulsion phase in a water-in-oil-in-water type LEM system. Nitric acid is the internal aqueous phase and is encapsulated in organic membrane phase composed of DEHPA–kerosene-SPAN80. Demineralised water is used as the external phase. The effect of the composition of the system and the hydrodynamic condition on the rate of swelling has been studied. A mathematical model has been developed to describe the effects of the relevant parameters on swelling of the emulsion. The globules of the emulsion are viewed as having a core-shell structure, based on the visual evidence. The model takes into account both the osmotic and the occlusion modes of swelling and also the leakage of the internal phase. The predictions of the model are found to be in good agreement with the experiments. The model would be useful for evaluating the rate of pertraction of a solute through the membrane–strip combination used in the present study. The study would also be useful for tuning the design and the operating parameters in LEM pertraction to achieve minimum swelling of the emulsion. 相似文献
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乳化液膜技术研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
介绍了乳化液膜技术的分离机理及在金属离子的回收与提取、废水处理、发光粉与纳米材料制备和生物医学等方面的研究进展。详细叙述了各应用研究中所用的膜溶剂、表面活性剂、载体和内相试剂的种类以及分离效果。最后指出了制约乳化液膜技术工业化应用的问题及研究方向。 相似文献