一种新型滤波器加载同轴复合腔输出回路

该文介绍了一种适用于S波段宽带多注速调管的新型滤波器加载同轴复合腔输出回路。根据耦合谐振腔理论对该输出结构进行了理论分析并给出其等效电路;采用3维电磁场仿真软件CST-MWS进行计算模拟,研究了输出腔间隙的场分布均匀性及输出回路间隙阻抗的频率特性。研究结果表明,采用该滤波器加载同轴复合腔输出回路不仅可以极大地降低多注速调管总体对高阴极发射电流密度的要求,而且在保证多注速调管128 MHz/dB带宽的同时输出腔间隙处的轴向电场有较好的均匀性。     

多腔径向耦合输出系统的等效电路分析

多腔径向耦合构成的输出系统具有多个频率点(离散状态)的宽带特性,该文从等效电路的观点出发,给出了多腔径向耦合输出系统的等效电路,根据Kirchhoff定律建立了矩阵方程,导出阻抗矩阵,解出其系统的谐振频率,鉴于它的多模特点抽出它的典型状态推导出它的模式结构,揭示了径向耦合双腔的模式分布,反对称于轴向耦合双腔(双间隙腔),它是由2--2模构成。     

速调管截止波导滤波器型输出回路研究

对截止波导的滤波特性以及截止波导与TM010模单间隙腔耦合进行了深入研究,在这基础上设计出一个相对带宽5.6%的圆柱重入式单间隙腔加载截止波导滤波器型的L波段宽带速调管输出回路,并总结了截止波导段的长度和金属销钉的位置对输出腔间隙阻抗的影响规律.     

分布作用速调管大信号计算模型的研究

该文建立了分布作用速调管(EIK)注波互作用模拟的大信号计算模型。该模型基于1维电子圆盘模型,考虑了电子圆盘间的空间电荷力。在电子与高频场互作用计算中采用双间隙耦合腔等效电路方法,并在间隙阻抗矩阵的计算中考虑了耦合腔中每个间隙电子电导的影响。依据该模型编写了计算程序,并与MAGIC3D仿真结果进行了比较验证,结果相符合。该计算模型可以扩展到三间隙乃至更多间隙谐振腔的分布作用速调管注波互作用的大信号计算模拟中。     

S波段2.5MW宽频带大功率速调管的研制

本文讨论了大功率、高增益、宽频带大功率速调管的设计和制造,还采用小信号增益和大信号效率计算程序,对宽频带速调管的群聚段进行了设计。当小信号增益大于50dB时,7腔速调管的群聚频宽宽于10％,8腔速调管的群聚频宽可达1015％ 给出了两类宽频带输出电路,即滤波器型输出电路和重叠模双间隙腔输出电路的设计方法和测试结果,结果表明:前一种输出电路的频宽可达7.510％,后一种输出电路的频宽可达1015％。 研制了两种类型速调管,采用滤波器型输出段的速调管的性能达到:1dB等激励频宽为7.5％,效率为38％,饱和增益大于43dB,输出功率大于2.5MW。采用双间隙腔输出段的速调管的1dB等激励频宽迟10％,工作稳定。     

C波段400MHz带宽多注速调管的研制

介绍了一种C波段多注速调管的研制。该管工作在矩形腔高次模式,设计目标是在400MHz工作频率范围内输出200kW脉冲功率,工作比3%,采用周期反转永磁聚焦。该管由9个谐振腔构成群聚段,多级滤波器加载双间隙谐振腔构成输出回路。本文介绍了设计方案中的一些考虑、部分模拟计算、扩展带宽的措施和实际制管结果,并指出进一步研制方向。     

矩形π-TM310模双间隙腔加载同轴滤波器型宽带输出电路的实验研究

本文详细介绍了矩形π-TM310模双间隙腔同轴滤波器型输出电路的实验研究过程,以及针对一些关键技术难点所采取的改进措施.测试数据显示,矩形π-TM310模双间隙腔与输出同轴线的耦合强度适中,其外观品质因数30左右,在加载同轴线之后各个电子注孔特性阻抗的均匀度仍然较好;矩形π-TM310模双间隙腔同轴滤波器型输出电路的输...     

带通滤波器谐振功率特性分析与研究

通过多个不同拓扑结构带通滤波器并联等效电路,系统地分析了影响滤波器谐振功率特性的主要因素:无载Qu值、相对带宽和主耦合系数以及交叉耦合.同时结合群时延理论解释了相对带宽和主耦合系数对谐振功率特性的影响,针对交叉耦合对滤波器内部三腔、四腔交叉耦合结构中关键谐振腔谐振功率特性的影响,利用相位方法进行了定性的分析.最后,对一款包含三腔交叉耦合结构的TM模式介质滤波器的谐振腔功率进行了耦合测试,得到的测试曲线与电路分析的结果相吻合.     

矩形π-TM310 双间隙腔加载同轴滤波器型宽带输出电路研究

本文提出了矩形π-TM310 双间隙腔加载同轴滤波器型宽带输出电路,并对其可行性进行了论证,对高次模双间隙腔中非工作模式的干扰程度和同轴线输出电路的功率容限等重要问题做了定量分析。我们通过调整矩形双间隙腔的长宽比例并采用凹入结构,明显扩大了π-TM310模与相邻非工作模的频率间隔,有效抑制了非工作模式的干扰;又采用了非常规的电子注孔布局,使各个电子注孔的特性阻抗更均匀,而且在加载同轴滤波器之后仍然很均匀。研究结果表明,经过优化设计的矩形π-TM310 双间隙腔加载同轴滤波器型输出电路具有很宽的输出频带,在X波段相对带宽达到14%左右。但由于π模双间隙腔与同轴线的耦合口较小,而且该处还有短路销钉,导致其输出功率容限较低,约为几百kW。因此,该类输出电路比较适合于X波段或更高频段的中功率宽带多注速调管。     

S 波段连续波速调管宽带输出电路的设计与测试

本文开展了一种用于通信系统的4.6%带宽的S 波段连续波宽带速调管KS4158 的研制工作,重点研究了该速调管的宽带输出电路,详细介绍了宽带输出电路的两种设计方案：滤波器加载重叠模双间隙耦合腔宽带输出电路和三节滤波器加载宽带输出电路。文中还介绍了基于矢量网络分析仪的宽带输出电路的扫频测量法,给出了这两种宽带输出电路的测试结果。最后,给出了分别采用上述两种宽带输出电路方案的两只速调管的测试结果,并对这两种方案进行了分析和比较,其中采用三节滤波器加载宽带输出电路方案的样管的连续波输出功率大于17kW,瞬时带宽大于4.6%。     

W波段扩展互作用速调管的研究

扩展互作用速调管是在大功率速调管的基础上,采用扩展互作用谐振腔技术,扩展其瞬时工作带宽,在毫米波频段能够实现高功率、高效率、高增益和宽频带的一种紧凑型微波真空器件。本文基于空间电荷波理论对多间隙谐振腔电路进行了简要分析,采用PIC三维粒子模拟软件对高频互作用电路进行了粒子模拟与优化。在2π模式工作下,其工作电压为15 kV,电流为0.8 A,中心频率为94.5 GHz时,得到了效率大于8.4%,峰值功率超过2 kW的微波功率输出,-3 dB带宽为1 GHz,增益超过40 dB。该工作对研发高性能扩展互作用速调管,并推动其在国防安全、卫星监测、外层空间小目标跟踪、高分辨率雷达和精确气象监测等领域应用具有重要意义。     

A two-cavity extended interaction klystron yielding 65 per cent efficiency

Results of experiments with a two-cavity extended interaction klystron are given. The tube is nominally capable of 1 kw-CW atSband and consists of two five-gap short-slot-coupled cavities coupled to the input and output lines by means of TWT matching sections with adjustable mismatches. The unusual features of the tube are 1) the length of extension of the resonant cavities (five electron ballistic wavelengths) and 2) the incorporation of different and controllable beam-circuit synchronism conditions for the input and output cavities. The results of principal interest are the low velocity spread in the spent beam entering the collector providing high total conversion efficiency (65 per cent) with collector depression and stable gain in excess of 15 db. Some treatment of the relationship of efficiency and oscillation stability is included, as well as comments on the usefulness of such a design for high power millimeter wave amplification.     

Millimeter-wave extended interaction klystron

The interaction of the HF fields in the distributed resonance system of a high-power millimeter-wave klystron with an electron beam is theoretically and experimentally studied under limitations imposed on the length of interaction space and moderate values of the beam perveance. A possibility of amplifying and generating extended interaction klystrons (EIKs) is demonstrated. The EIKs with the distributed extraction of energy exhibit relatively high efficiencies, output powers, and gains at an acceptable gain band. In the experimental prototypes of the four-cavity packaged EIK working in the mid-millimeter-wavelength range, the output pulse power is no less than 2.5–3 kW, the efficiency is 30%, the gain is 25–30 dB, and the gain band at a level of 3 dB is 0.25–0.35% at an anode voltage of 18 kV and a beam current of 0.5 A.     

W波段大功率发射机的设计与研究

毫米波雷达对云、雾、降水的形成与发展等微物理过程的探测具有明显的优势,是认识气象物理过程的重要手段。介绍了用于云雨探测雷达的W波段大功率发射机的设计方法与过程,该发射机采用分布作用速调管(EIK)作为末级放大器,介绍了EIK的工作原理、特点及应用要求,重点对发射机的聚焦极脉冲调制器、高压电源的工程实现进行了分析,高压电源采用电容钳位移相逆变器,具有快速响应及良好的稳压性能,对控制电路的实现及其功能进行了介绍,最终给出了W波段发射机的样机研制及测试结果。     

An effective method to increase bandwidth of EIK at 0.34 THz

To increase the bandwidth of Extended Interaction Klystron (EIK) at 0.34 THz, the method of staggered tuning on cavities’ configurations is proposed. Based on the analysis of phase relationship between gap voltage and the bunched beam, the buncher cavities in EIK are reasonably staggered-tuned to achieve various resonance frequencies, which is helpful to flat the gain response of the whole device. The characteristics of output cavities with different numbers of gaps are then researched and the issue of start current for the self-oscillation mode is also involved, leading to the optimum number of gaps to enhance the interaction and avoid the instability. By comparing the performances of various typical stagger-tuned models, the final configuration is accordingly confirmed. Particle-in-cell simulation is eventually applied to study performance of the optimised structure, whose gain is 34.8 dB in peak and ?3 dB bandwidth reaches about 500 MHz, which is double that of the synchronous-tuned structure.     

Design of beam-wave interaction based on high efficiency of a high-power broadband klystron

The paper mainly presents the design of beam-wave interaction of a C-band high-peak- power high-efficiency broadband klystron. The beam-wave interaction section is designed based on considerations of efficiency and bandwidth synthetically. As a part of beam-wave interaction section, buncher section is simulated by Particle-In-Cell （PIC） code to observe the bunching process of electron beam to achieve high conversion efficiency of electron beam and RF field. When it comes to the other part, output circuit is designed as a three-section filter by an output cavity loaded with Chebyshev filter and the cold test results are given. The beam-wave interaction is simulated by EGUN code and Ar- senal-MSU code respectively. The simulated results indicated that, the existence of power dips in the operating bandwidth is verified by Arsenal-MSU code, comparing proper results by EGUN code. Then, the method that design parameters are not adjusted except parameters of buncher cavities to remove potential power dips is described. What is more, the simulated results of electron optics system are given by EGUN code and Arsenal-MSU code respectively. The further hot test results of klystron prove that the whole design of beam-wave interaction is effective.     

Multiple extraction cavities for high-power klystrons

The design and performance of an X-band high-power klystron amplifier utilizing an output circuit consisting of two uncoupled output cavities are described and compared with 2-D computer simulation results. It is shown that good efficiency, low RF gap gradient, relatively uniform power extraction from each cavity, and freedom from oscillations due to extraneous modes can be achieved. The change in phase relative to the RF input for the two extraction cavities is relatively small within a frequency bandwidth on the order of 1%, when the beam voltage or drive power is varied over a moderate range. For narrowband applications, where the combining of the separate outputs is desired, good combining efficiency is possible. The number of extraction cavities can be extended to obtain still higher peak powers     

Experimental Study and Analysis of an S-Band Multiple-Beam Klystron With 6% Bandwidth

We present experimental results and analyses of an eight-beam five-cavity multiple-beam klystron (MBK) operating at a center frequency of ~3.2 GHz. The device met its performance goals in its first hardware implementation, generating a peak RF output power of 600 kW and a 3-dB bandwidth of ~6%. The circuit was modeled with TESLA, a 2.5-D large-signal klystron/MBK code that was extended to enable simulations of the low- Q multiple-gap cavities used to increase the bandwidth. Details of the model and underlying theory are described, and the simulation results are compared with experimental measurements. The good agreement between the model and the experiment provides a validation for our tools and techniques that will be used in the design of future devices.     

Large-signal behavior of distributed klystrons

A theoretical large- and small-signal analysis of the behavior of standing-wave-type distributed circuit klystrons, based on a confined flow model, is described. A two-cavity klystron with a π-mode double-gap distributed output circuit and a conventional single-gap input cavity was selected as a specific example for study. The field distribution for the experimental cavities was measured and a conversion efficiency of 52 percent was predicted. The effects of the output cavity position relative to the input cavity, the output cavity gap angle, and the space charge were analyzed theoretically. The theoretical results were compared with measurements made on a precision demountable klystron with identical beam and circuit parameters, but with a Brillouin-focused beam rather than a confined-flow beam. A load efficiency of 35 percent, a conversion efficiency of 42 percent, and small-signal gains up to 15 dB were measured. The corresponding figures for the conventional single-gap output circuit were 24 percent, 28.6 percent, and 9 dB. The measured effects of changes in the tube parameters were in general agreement with the theoretical predicted results. The study indicates that the π-mode double-gap cavity is a very practical output structure yielding high efficiency with a very short interaction length. It should prove useful in medium- and high-power klystrons.