膨润土和高岭土的研究

<正> 前言上海某焦化厂车间引进日本水泽公司的活性白土用于精制加氢苯。本文的工作背景是立足国内,用我国白土代替日本白土精制加氢苯。以除去加氢后的加氢苯中主要杂质(微量烯烃和噻吩)。对我国生产的各种蒙脱土和高岭土进行了多方面研究。证明自制白土接近日本白土性能、可用我国白土代替进口白土。实验部分1.活性白土的制备及精制苯过程水洗、过筛的粘土用酸处理数小时后,用     

食品级微晶蜡的工业试生产

在凡士林高压加氢装置上进行了85^#食品级微晶蜡的工业试生产，控制第一反应釜温度在320～330℃，第二反应釜温度240-250℃，压力为15～15．5MPa时，产品达到了食品级微晶蜡标准要求。用高压加氢法生产微晶蜡与白土精制法相比，经济效益显著，同时加氢法实现了废白土的零排放，大大减少了环境污染。     

用FITS加氢技术脱除重整生成油中烯烃

简单介绍了管试液相加氢技术的特点及FITS技术在0.70 Mt/a重整装置的应用情况。说明了用FITS加氢技术,在低温、低压、低氢油比及高空速的条件下,能较好的脱除重整生成油中烯烃,而反应前后芳含差值小。应用该技术可实现白土消耗量大幅降低,同时有利于简化精制流程,取得良好的经济效益及环保效益。     

浆态床反应器生产费托合成蜡的脱铁精制工业应用

神华集团18万吨/年煤间接液化示范装置(以下简称"示范装置")采用预涂白土和硅藻土过滤的技术进行费托合成蜡过滤精制,在优化工艺流程和操作参数后,将预涂滤饼所需的白土/硅藻土配比确定为100∶16,过滤循环量控制在10 t/h以上,过滤循环时间控制在1.5～2 h下操作,可以使精制后的费托合成蜡铁含量降到5 mg/kg以下,满足下游加氢装置的要求。将并流流程改为串联流程后蜡精制过程更容易控制。     

重整生成油液相加氢脱烯烃适宜操作条件的研究

采用管式液相加氢技术,设计在5 L催化剂装量的工业侧线装置上,以HDO-18为催化剂,开展重整生成油脱烯烃可行性研究,并考察了反应空速、氢油比、反应温度、反应压力等适宜操作条件。长周期运行结果表明:该技术可以使加氢后重整生成油溴指数100 mg Br/100 g油,产品中的芳烃损失0.5%,可替代白土吸附或常规后加氢工艺脱除重整生成油的烯烃。其最佳操作条件为:反应温度170℃、反应压力1.5 MPa、体积空速12 h~(-1)和氢油比4:1。     

国产芳烃脱烯烃用催化吸附剂—JLC-01颗粒白土研制成功!

为加速进口装置和技术的消化吸收,开发国内技术和产品,上海石化总厂催化所、临安膨润土研究所和上海石化一厂共同协作,研制成功 JLC-01颗粒白土。于86年5月在上海石化一厂大型芳烃脱烯烃装置300~#A 塔内装填了26t 该产品,代替进口的Tonsil 颗粒白土进行工业投运。装置操作控     

神华宁煤煤制油蜡过滤装置工艺及操作优化

神华宁煤400万吨/年煤制油项目2016年投产,费托反应为核心反应,其产物为蜡。蜡中夹带大量铁基催化剂,若不将蜡中的催化剂除去,进入下游加氢装置导致催化剂活性大大降低。因此,必须对蜡中的铁基催化剂进行过滤、脱除,使蜡中铁离子小于5mg/kg,满足下游生产需求。然而蜡过滤装置在运行过程中存在蜡突沸、蜡罐撕裂、白土及硅藻土耗量大、操作强度高等问题,通过技改汽提工艺、更换蜡罐、优化操作等有效解决了以上问题。     

TCDTO-1脱烯烃精制剂在0.6 Mt/a 对二甲苯装置的应用

中国石化海南炼油化工有限公司0.6 Mt/a对二甲苯联合装置开车初期,重整生成油脱烯烃采用白土,1 t白土处理原料油仅为234 t,预计年消耗白土高达3 077 t,白土更换频繁、产生的固体废物数量大、工人劳动强度高。与白土相比,TCDTO-1精制剂具有单程寿命长、脱烯率高及可反复再生且环保的特点,因此采用该精制剂替代活性白土。首次单塔试用,单程寿命为103 d,1 t精制剂单程累计处理原料3 420 t,约为白土的14.6倍。针对运行中后期精制剂失活速率快的问题分析认为,原因在于重整生成油胶质和非芳含量高。结合精制剂和装置本身特点,提出采用“失活精制剂+新鲜精制剂”的两塔串联操作模式,进行整改后运行效果良好。     

炼油中应对介质变化的加氢反应器改造

高温高压加氢反应器是加氢装置中的核心设备,加氢反应在反应器中进行,其运行的好坏对装置的运行效果以及产品质量有着直接的影响。本文主要对某炼油厂加氢装置中加氢反应器内出现的问题进行分析并给出解决方案,对方案中新增的加氢反应器提出改进措施,对特殊部分进行说明。     

微晶蜡生产工艺及反应条件的探讨

从工程角度论述了生产优质微晶蜡的工艺路线,以及加氢工艺的反应条件对产品质量的影响,即不同的温度、压力和空速对产品的含油和紫外吸光度的影响。采用白土预精制和一段串联加氢联合工艺,在适合的反应条件下,可生产食品级优质微晶蜡。     

白土精制工艺优化研究及工业应用

文章对两种白土精制工艺进行了阐述,确定了"先加热后加白土"工艺精制的最佳温度;在实验室针对减二、减三分别采用两种工艺进行白土精制试验,结果表明,无论采用"先加热后加白土"新工艺或原工艺,白土精制油的理化性能都满足要求。本文还进行了工业装置试生产。     

The effect of bleaching and physical refining on color and minor components of palm oil

An industrially degummed Indonesian palm oil was bleached and steam refined in a pilot plant to study the effect of processing on oil color and on the levels of carotenoids and tocopherols. Five concentrations of one natural and two activated clays mixed with a fixed amount of synthetic silica were used for bleaching. For color measurement, the Lovibond method was compared to the CIE (Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage) L^*,a^*,b^* method. The results showed that the L^*,a^*,b^* method is repeatable and that the values found are highly correlated with the carotenoid content of bleached oil samples. The various clays and synthetic silica mixes removed 20–50% of the carotenoids in the degummed oil, depending on clay concentration and activity. For the two activated clays, pigment adsorption increased with clay amount. Steam refining totally destroyed carotenoids in the claytreated oils by heat bleaching. Total tocopherols in the crude oil amounted to 1000 mg/kg, with γ-tocotrienol as the main tocopherolic component followed by α-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol, and δ-tocotrienol. Tocopherol concentrations increased after the bleaching treatment with the most acid clay, and the increase was proportional to the amount of clay used. Both bleaching and steam refining changed the ratios between the various to copherolic components, especially increasing the relative concentration of α-tocotrienol in the refined oil. An average 80% tocopherol retention was obtained after the treatment with acid clay + synthetic silica and steam refining of palm oil.     

芳烃精制颗粒白土失活分析及再生初探

采用BET、TG、TPO、UV-Vis光谱、XRD和NH．TPD等方法对芳烃精制失活颗粒白土进行了表征,分析了颗粒白土的失活原因,并对其再生方法进行了初探。研究结果表明,由于在颗粒白土表面沉积了较大分子的多烷基苯及稠环化合物,造成颗粒白土的孔道尤其微孔被堵塞,颗粒白土的比表面及孔容大幅度降低,同时表面酸中心数目明显减少,造成颗粒白土的脱烯烃精制性能降低,从而逐渐失活。在适宜的温度条件下经空气氧化后失活颗粒白土的比表面、孔结构、表面酸性及活性得到一定程度的恢复,其物相结构没有发生明显的变化。     

精制芳烃用颗粒白土工业评价

通过工业侧线评价试验,在装置工艺条件下,对4种酸性白土在重整油脱烯烃处理中的效果进行了评价,并作出技术经济分析。     

芳烃重整生成油脱烯烃技术进展

目前国内外芳烃、重整油脱烯烃主要技术为白土精制和催化加氢两种。分别对两种技术进展进行了介绍,并比较了二者的优缺点。     

Quality of nigerian palm oil after bleaching with local treated clays

Laboratory investigations into the possibility of using local Nigerian clays in refining the Nigerian crude palm oil revealed that the Okija clay may possess some potential as an adsorptive cleanser in the refining process. Activated bentonite was used as the standard clay of comparison, and the performance of two local natural clays, leached with various concentrations of sulfuric acid, was evaluated for their use as alternative adsorptive cleansers in refining Nigerian crude palm oil. Measurements of peroxide values, para-anisidine values, carotene content and stabilities of the oils using the active oxygen method were used in assessing the relative performance of the clays. The clays exhibited similar trend of effects on identical batches of alkali-neutralized palm oil. In one set of experiments poor results were obtained when the degummed and alkali-neutralized palm oil was treated with clays leached with sulfuric acid at concentrations of 1M and 4M. Better results were obtained at acid concentrations of 2M and 3M. Bentonite proved better than Okija clay when the leaching was performed with 2M H₂SO₄, but both clays had comparable effectiveness when 3M H₂SO₄ was used for leaching. The Nsu clay gave the least encouraging results. In another series of experiments the results showed that for various dosages of clay, up to 3% by weight of the oil to be refined, the oxidative stability of the processed oil was reasonably good for an oil which was neither deodorized nor treated with antioxidants.     

低压石蜡加氢精制工艺研究

用HPW-1催化剂在实验室条件下处理锦西石化分公司发汗蜡，可以得到食品蜡及食品包装蜡，产品质量符合GB7189—94食品用石蜡、食品包装蜡的指标要求。通过经济效益评估，加氢精制工艺明显优于白土精制工艺。     

芳烃重整油脱烯烃技术进展

概述了近年来国内外芳烃重整油脱烯烃技术的进展,目前国内外主要技术包括白土精制和催化加氢两种。分别对两种技术进展进行了介绍,并比较了二者的优缺点。     

Silica refining of palm oil

The amount of bleaching earth required in the physical refining process of palm oil depends on the activity of the earth, quality of the oil and final color specification of the refined products. The use of silica (Trisyl) in combination with bleaching clay in palm oil refining has been investigated. The optimum conditions required for Trisyl and bleaching clay are 95–105°C for a period of 30–40 min. Improvements in color performance for palm oil products are noted with the addition of small quantities of Trisyl (0.06–0.24%) to the bleaching clay. Addition of 0.12% Trisyl to 0.4% bleaching clay improved the color of the refined oil by as much as 1.7 Red Lovibond units. Lower phosphorus levels (18.4 and 16.9 ppm) were obtained in the refined oils with an addition of 0.12 and 0.24% Trisyl, respectively, as compared to a level of 36.2 ppm of phosphorus when no silica was added to the earth. Better color stability was also obtained with oils treated with Trisyl. An additional advantage was the reduction in filtration time, leading to possible higher throughput in refining.