低浓度冶炼烟气制酸实现两转两吸的技改和生产实践

对低浓度冶炼烟气制酸装置一转一吸工艺进行技术改造,选用“空－填－间－电”绝热蒸发封闭稀酸洗,Ⅲ I-Ⅳ Ⅱ、“3 1”两转两吸流程。改造后,各项指标均达到设计要求,转化系统不需补热,尾气达到排放标准。因此,只要对转化系统的转化器、换热器、催化剂、保温材料等合理设计,低浓度冶炼烟气制酸采用两转两吸工艺是可行的。     

低浓度二氧化硫烟气采用两转两吸的可行性探讨

分析了影响硫酸系统两转两吸实现自热平衡的主要因素，对380t／d硫酸系统，烟气φ(SO2)4．4％采用两转两吸的可行性进行了探讨。通过加强转化系统的热稳定性、选用合适的转化换热流程、采用高效换热器，φ(SO2)4．4％烟气采用两转两吸可以实现自热平衡。     

改进两转两吸预热升温过程的设想

两转两吸硫酸装置在我省已投产9套,实践证明了它的优越性,提高了我省硫酸工业的水平。但对该工艺的转化预热升温过     

硫铁矿制酸2＋2两次转化工艺过程的选择及工业实践

在国内两转两吸转化工艺多为“3+1”流程的情况下,先后设计了三套“2+2”两次转化流程。在工艺选择过程中,对转化率、各段温度、换热流程作了详细比较。根据当地条件,确定设计的转化率为99.3％;采用~Ⅳ_Ⅲ>Ⅰ—Ⅱ换热流程。通过对温度制度的论证,确定二段进口温度为440～450℃。采用了Browder型换热器和圆缺式折流板、弓形部份不满布管的高效换热器。生产实践证明了“2+2”两次转化流程是成功的。重庆化工厂150t/d装置,当二转入口温度为430℃左右时,总转化率可达99.5％。     

SO_2浓度对两转两吸换热器设计的影响

我厂与南化公司两套制酸系统,流程相同,产量相差近1倍,换热面积的设计却相差很多。本文就这一情况,用南化公司设计院电算的设计条件,在产量相同时,定性的分析了不同的SO2浓度对两转两吸换热器设计的影响。     

40 kt/a硫铁矿制酸装置改造总结

摘要：对40kt／a硫铁矿制酸装置进行改造，新增1台废热锅炉，副产0．6MPa低压蒸汽；净化水洗流程改为封闭循环，所产稀酸去复肥氨化系统洗涤尾气，污水基本不外排；对转化器进行改造，调整各段催化剂用量，并将一转一吸5段转化流程改为两转两吸、“ⅢⅠ—ⅤⅡ”5段转化流程。改造后，装置运行情况良好，转化率从95．5％提高到99．3％，产量达到60kt／a。     

确保两转两吸流程转化系统正常运行的几点措施

两转两吸流程的关键是转化系统能否保持自热平衡,能否使各层控制在最佳转化温度,     

两转两吸制酸流程中管壳式酸冷却器设置的探讨

阳极保护管壳式酸冷却器是我国“八五”重点推广的科技成果之一,在两转两吸流程中如何更好地使用是值得探讨的。 从两转两吸的物料和热量衡算得出,40kt/a规模的制酸装置,若循环酸量为100m~3/h,则二吸后酸温升高6℃左右,酸浓度提高0.05％左右。我们要解决的问题是何时将此热量移出,如何使酸合理循环。从生产     

韶关冶炼厂低浓度烟气两转两吸制酸工艺的设计及生产实践

介绍了铅锌烧结机低浓度二氧化硫烟气两转两吸制酸工艺,该工艺采用了大型耐火砖球形拱转化器,Ⅳ Ⅰ-Ⅲ、“3＋1”2次转化流程,干吸工序采用高温吸收工艺,对生产过程中出现的问题及采取的措施作了较详细的介绍。     

两转两吸的转化率与吸收率

两转两吸的总未转化率为第一次未转化率与第二次未转化率的乘积，通过两转两吸转化率与吸收率的解析关系式，定量分析了第一次转化率，第二次转化率，中间吸收率，最终吸收率对总转化率和总吸收率的影响，中间吸收率显著影响总转化率，总吸收率的实现，主要在于最终吸收率，加强第一次转化，提高中间吸收是实现总转化率的关键。     

科技创新与钢铁科技进步

建设创新型国家是我们中华民族的历史责任。“自主创新、重点突破、支撑发展、引领未来”的16字方针应当成为我们未来创新活动的指南。建设创新型国家把自主创新放在首位,并提出了引领未来的高标准要求。钢铁科技创新必须突出重点,抓住创新成果产业化这个关键,支撑起行业和国民经济的发展。     

Orthophosphates and Diphosphates Containing Zinc and Copper and Zinc and Cobalt

Solid solutions of diphosphates of zinc and copper and of zinc and cobalt were synthesized from mixtures of pure diphosphates at temperatures up to 1000°C. Their X-ray diffractometry patterns varied continuously from one end member to the other. Solid solutions of orthophosphates of composition Zn_3−xCox(PO₄)2, with x = 0.4–1.6, were formed at temperatures up to 950°C; all exhibited the structure of γ-Zn₃(PO₄)2. Solid solutions of orthophosphates of composition Zn_3−xCu_x(PO₄)2 exhibited more-complex behavior. At 1000°C and copper contents of 20–80 mol%, a phase that is related to Cu₃(PO₄)2, termed here the "ε-phase," predominated. At 850°–950°C and in the region from 20 mol% to ∼33 mol% of copper, the solid solutions (the "η-phase") adopted the structure of graftonite. At 800°–900°C and 10–15 mol% of copper, the solid solutions exhibited a new structure (the "δ-phase"), which we found to be related to the mineral sarcopside. At temperatures 950°C, the solutions that contained 5–15 mol% of copper (the "β-phase") had the structure of β-Zn₃(PO₄)2, whereas at 800°–850°C, solutions with 5 mol% of copper (the "-phase") exhibited the structure of γ-Zn₃(PO₄)2. Attempts to synthesize Cu⁺ZnPO₄ and Cu⁺Cu²⁺Zn₃(PO₄)3 were unsuccessful.     

油气管道及储运设施安全保障技术发展现状及展望

相比已经完善丰富的开采和勘探技术,油气的运输以及储存却仍然存在不足之处。我国对能源安全提出更加严格要求的同时,对区域经济的发展规划也有足够重视。因此,保障油气管道的安全则成为了我国能源安全战略的重中之重。在阐释油气管道现阶段在储运安全保障技术发展状况的基础上,分析了现存的问题及解决问题的手段,并指出未来可能使用的目标策略,为今后研究者提供一定程度上的借鉴经验。     

膜的污染和劣化及其防治对策

较为系统地介绍了膜污染和劣化的定义和特点,因膜污染和劣化而造成的膜性能变化,以及如何预防、减少或清除膜污染和劣化的一些通用方法。     

Crystallography and equilibrium solubility for ammonium and potassium orthophosphites and hypophosphites

The composition and solubility properties of eight ammonium and potassium orthophosphites and hypophosphites were determined to evaluate the potential of these classes of materials for increasing the plant nutrient content of liquid fertilizers. Phase relationships for the systems (NH₄)₂O-P₂O₃-H₂O, K₂O-P₂O₃-H₂O, (NH₄)₂O-P₂O-H₂O, and K₂O-P₂O-H₂O were determined along with the crystallographic properties (X-ray and optical) of the solid phases. Toxicity and phosphite response was tested in greenhouse experiments for the compounds.     

VB与Excel数据导入导出的研究与实现

通过引用Excel对象实例和ADO对象,解决VB中的数据与Excel数据导入、导出的问题.     

填料-橡胶的化学和物理作用及补强ⅡN330,SiO2,n-SiO2和n-SiO2/KH-846与NR

研究了填料－橡胶的相互作用。发现N330－NR间的相互作用。n－SiO2（粒径：15nm）／KH－846－NR间的相互作用，都是化学作用占优势（＞80％），化学作用对补强的贡献率都大于90％；无偶联剂KH－846时，n－SiO2和SiO2（粒径：15．8nm）与NR都无化学作用，只有物理交联，由于隔离作用，都降低硫化体系与橡胶相互作用的化学交联密度，但n-SiO2的物理交联密度是SiO2的2．6倍，对补强的贡献是SiO2的1．9倍，也是n-SiO2／KH－846体系的61％。     

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of (−) and (+)-Spiroleucettadine and Analogues

A second-generation enantiospecific synthesis of spiroleucettadine is described. The original reported antibacterial activity was not observed when the experiment was repeated on the synthetic samples; however, significant anti-proliferative activity was uncovered for both enantiomers of spiroleucettadine. Comparison of the optical rotational data and ORD-CD spectra of both enantiomers and the reported spectrum from the natural source have not provided a definitive answer regarding the absolute stereochemistry of naturally occurring spiroleucettadine. Efforts then focussed on alteration at the C-4 and C-5 positions of the slightly more active (−)-spiroleucettadine. Ten analogues were synthesised, with three analogues found to possess similar anti-proliferative profiles to spiroleucettadine against the H522 lung cancer cell line.     

绿色火炸药及相关技术的发展与应用

综述了绿色火炸药及其生产工艺、销毁以及回收利用方面具有“绿色”特征的改进和应用研究成果。绿色火炸药包括洁净固体推进剂、无铅双基推进剂、TPE发射药、无毒发射药、无铅点火药和起爆药。绿色制造技术包括N2O5作硝化剂的含能硝基化合物化学合成,过硝酸盐作硝化剂、微生物作催化剂的生物合成技术,连续化柔性制造技术,基于双螺杆混合成型火炸药生产技术,火炸药生产中挥发性污染物的安全消除技术和纳米复合含能材料的Sol-Gel制备技术。绿色销毁和回收利用技术包括销毁产品的熔盐氧化技术、摧毁含含能化合物废水的光催化技术以及火炸药的回收再利用（R^3）技术。评述了上述火炸药及相关技术的最新状况和发展方向,附参考文献25篇。     

Tetraalkynylated and Tetraalkenylated Benzenes and Pyridines: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties

Tetra(arylalkynyl)pyridines and tetra(arylalkenyl)pyridines and their benzene analogues were prepared by palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions from the commercially available chlorinated substrates in good to excellent yields. The photophysical properties of selected compounds were investigated and compared to each other. Very good fluorescence quantum yields were observed, especially for the pyridine derivatives.