交互式棱柱网格生成方法

针对流动数值模拟中边界层区域棱柱网格生成与修改困难的问题,提出一种基于物面边界约束的交互式棱柱网格生成方法.该方法交互生成物面边界点的空间推进面网格;将边界点空间推进面网格的每层网格点看成边界网格点运动得到,计算对应的边界网格点位移;利用径向基函数插值将边界网格点位移光滑传递给内部网格点,获得内部网格点的空间推进网格;建立所有网格点之间的连接关系,构造棱柱网格单元.基于V型槽、飞机机头等外形对文中方法进行测试,并对该方法存在的一些问题进行了讨论;利用该方法生成一个大展弦比翼身组合体模型的棱柱/四面体混合计算网格,并在PHENGLEI计算平台上进行了数值模拟,结果表明,该方法能够生成高质量的粘性棱柱网格.     

复杂结构数值模拟的精细分析

针对用户对模型数值模拟要求越来越高的问题,对于用户关心的区域(局部复杂结构区域),采取足够细的网格来得到满意的结果,对于这些区域之外的部分,则采取密度适中的网格来处理. 以连杆螺栓啮合区域的精细分析为例,结合ANSYS子模型技术的功能特点,进行复杂结构数值模拟的精细分析. 结果表明该技术为复杂结构中重点关注区域的应力精确分析提供1种有效方法.     

基于动网格的微波加热温度均匀性数值计算方法

微波加热过程中物料内部温度的均匀性一直是研究的热点问题.针对“热失控”现象产生的机理,从微波传输线出发,根据广义传输线理论,利用传输线上电压和电流的分布关系推导出微波谐振腔内电磁场幅值与相位间的关系,在此基础上,提出一种微波加热运动状态物料的数值计算模型.该模型采用动网格技术跟踪求解域边界的变化量,分别针对求解域内部及其边界处网格移动变形给出控制函数,不仅可解决微波加热数值计算过程中由于求解域网格的移动导致的网格交叉缠绕问题,还可在满足计算精度的前提下,有效地减少网格节点移动的计算.数值计算结果表明,微波加热处于运动状态下物料的温度均匀性优于微波加热静止状态下物料的温度均匀性,且所提出的微波加热运动状态物料计算模型具有可行性和有效性.微波应用器装置加热活性炭球团的实验结果也表明,所提出的方法能有效抑制微波加热温度的突变.     

三维数值网格的生成及应用

１．引 言 三维数值网格构造是一种三维区域上的自动网格生成技术，是为了适应数值求解任意形状三维区域上的偏微分方程而发展起来的．在空气动力学中对于钝形体的外流场计算时，其三维数值网格构造品质无疑对其计算速度、精度及收敛性都有着十分重要的意义． 数值网格构造的研究工作起始于本世纪六十年代，许多欧美和前苏联学者在网格构造方面做了许多开拓性和内容较丰富的工作． １９６６年，Ｗｉｎｓｌｏｗ首先采用Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ方程来构造网格，用这种方法构造的网格具有分布均匀，适应性强的特点山．１９７０年，Ｂ。ｉ＊ Ｗ刀提出了…     

多参考坐标系法和滑移网格法在汽车前端进气数值模拟中的比较

为比较多参考坐标系(Multiple Reference Frame,MRF)法和滑移网格法在汽车工程应用中的差异,基于FLUENT软件,分别用这两种方法对汽车风扇旋转流动区域进行数值模拟,得到汽车前端发动机冷却系统流场的计算结果;比较两种计算结果中前端冷却气流的流量、压力分布以及风扇局部流场的分布.最后以滑移网格法的计算结果为基准,给出通常使用的MRF定常处理旋转区域方法在工程应用中的评价.     

面向飞行器概念设计的动网格技术

在弹簧近似光滑法和局部网格重构法两种动网格方法的基础上,结合类型函数/形状函数方法,针对飞行器概念设计阶段方案多变、参数变化快的特点,对二元机翼随参数变化的翼型提出了相适应的动网格方法.该方法根据参数的影响,将变动的边界信息传递到网格上,网格随之迭代变化.相对于常用动网格方法,该方法具有更强的参数表现力和适应力,使得网格生成更快速.对类型函数/形状函数转换方法(CST)拟合的NACA2415翼型在不同迎角情况下的低速湍流流动进行了数值模拟.计算结果表明,该动网格技术较好地模拟出了翼型的流动特性,较准确地得出了翼型的气动力系数,对飞行器概念设计阶段的参数确定具有实用价值,显示了该动网格方法的准确性和便捷性.     

复杂边界几何体的结构网格生成方法

高质量的结构网格能够有效地提高有限元分析的精度.针对受限于结构网格节点分布的特殊要求,使当前的结构网格生成方法无法直接应用于边界复杂的几何体这一问题,提出结构网格生成方法.对于边界复杂的多边形区域,依据边界顶点分类,在计算空间内将边界简化为规则形状,在简化的多边形区域内进行分割并填充结构网格,再将其映射回原区域;对于边界特殊的三角形、圆形区域,依据边界节点分布计算分割线,将原区域分割为简单的四边形区域组合,再对各四边形区域分别进行结构网格填充;对于不同区域网格的连接,将区域边界相连并设置棱边方向,通过转化相应的棱边方向矩阵得出棱边方向闭合的多边形边界,在多边形边界内填充结构网格形成不同区域网格间的有效过渡.实例验证结果表明,该方法稳定、高效,能够解决复杂边界几何体的结构网格划分问题.     

基于光滑聚集代数多重网格的有限元 并行计算实现方法

基于光滑聚集代数多重网格法实现一种用于结构有限元并行计算的预条件共轭梯度求解方法。对计算区域进行均匀划分,将这些子区域分配给各个进程同时进行单元刚度矩阵的计算,并组合形成分布式存储的整体平衡方程。采用光滑聚集代数多重网格预条件共轭梯度法对整体平衡方程进行并行求解,在天河二号超级计算机上进行数值试验,分析代数多重网格的主要参数对算法性能的影响,测试程序的并行计算性能。试验结果表明该方法具有较好的并行性能和可扩展性,适合于大规模实际应用。     

层适应网格上求解奇异摄动问题的粒子群算法

针对一类奇异摄动对流扩散问题,将粒子群算法与差分格式相结合,在Bakhvalov-Shishkin网格上进行求解。对于Bakhvalov-Shishkin网格中的网格参数,采用粒子群算法进行优化,构造了求误差范数最小值的目标函数。对两个算例进行了数值计算,实验结果表明,与选择固定的网格参数相比,采用粒子群算法计算能得到更好的数值结果,并且数值结果具有收敛性,验证了该方法的有效性和优越性。     

一种基于多边形剖分的有限元网格生成方法

在两步网格化过程中,待分析区域首先被剖分为具有三条或四条边的简单子区域部分.然后将利用传递模板法或映射法对这些子区域进行网格生成.本文结合计算几何和有限元网格自动生成问题,给出了一种基于简单多边形剖分的全四边形有限元网格自动生成方法.该方法分两步实现有限元网格生成首先通过权函数的引导,对待分析的简单多边形区域先进行子域剖分,得到一组三角形和凸四边形子域(大单元)的集合;然后利用中点剖分方法,将三角形和凸四边形子域单元剖分为全四边形有限元网格.实践证明,本文提出的方法实现简单、使用灵活,结果网格的质量良好.     

Lattice Boltzmann Models for Anisotropic Diffusion of Images

The lattice Boltzmann method has attracted more and more attention as an alternative numerical scheme to traditional numerical methods for solving partial differential equations and modeling physical systems. The idea of the lattice Boltzmann method is to construct a simplified discrete microscopic dynamics to simulate the macroscopic model described by the partial differential equations. The use of the lattice Boltzmann method has allowed the study of a broad class of systems that would have been difficult by other means. The advantage of the lattice Boltzmann method is that it provides easily implemented fully parallel algorithms and the capability of handling complicated boundaries. In this paper, we present two lattice Boltzmann models for nonlinear anisotropic diffusion of images. We show that image feature selective diffusion (smoothing) can be achieved by making the relaxation parameter in the lattice Boltzmann equation be image feature and direction dependent. The models naturally lead to the numerical algorithms that are easy to implement. Experimental results on both synthetic and real images are described.     

A front-tracking lattice Boltzmann method to study flow-induced deformation of three-dimensional capsules

In this paper, a hybrid method is proposed to study the flow-induced deformation of three-dimensional capsules. The capsules consist of Newtonian liquid drops enclosed by thin elastic membranes. In the proposed approach, the front-tracking method is coupled with the lattice Boltzmann method. The fluids inside and outside the capsule is treated as one fluid with varying physical properties, and is modeled by the lattice Boltzmann equation. The capsule membrane is explicitly tracked by the membrane nodes that are advected by the flow. The multi-block strategy of the lattice Boltzmann method is employed to refine the mesh near the capsule, which greatly increase the accuracy and efficiency of the three-dimensional computation. The capsule membrane is discretized into unstructured flat triangular elements, and a finite element model is incorporated to account for the membrane mechanics. With the present method, the transient deformation of initially spherical capsules with membrane following Neo-Hookean constitutive laws is simulated in shear flow, under various dimensionless shear rates and ratios of internal to surrounding liquid viscosities. The present results, including the Taylor shape parameter, the capsule inclination angle and the tank-treading frequency, agree well with previously published numerical results.     

An analysis of natural convection using the thermal finite element discrete Boltzmann equation

The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is the simple numerical simulator for fluids because it consists of linear equations. Excluding the higher differential term, the LBM for a temperature field is also achieved as an easy numerical simulation method. However, the LBM is hardly applied to body fitted coordinates for its formulation. It is then difficult to calculate complex lattices using the LBM. In this paper, the finite element discrete Boltzmann equation (FEDBE) is introduced to deal with this weakness of the LBM. The finite element method is applied to the discrete Boltzmann equation (DBE) of the basic equation of the LBM. For FEDBE, the simulation using complex lattices is achieved, and it will be applicable for the development in engineering fields. The natural convection in a square cavity and the Rayleigh–Bernard convection are chosen as the test problem. Each simulation model is accurate enough for the flow patterns, the temperature distribution and the Nusselt number. This method is now considered good for the flow and temperature field, and is expected to be introduced for complex lattices using the DBE.     

LBGK模型的分布式并行算法及实现

在计算流体力学领域中,由于流场求解的复杂性,设计出高效的并行算法成为了流场并行化计算的研究重点.以格子Boltzmann方法的理论应用为研究背景,把并行思想和格子Boltzmann方法在模拟流体流动中的计算问题结合起来,讨论了格子Boitzmann方法LBGK D2Q9模型的计算过程和计算特点.研究并实现了LBGK模型的分布式并行算法,并在自强3000上进行了算法的并行性能的分析和测试.结果表明,格子Boltzmann方法LBGKD2Q9模型适合大规模的并行计算,能提高计算的精度和速度,解决复杂流场计算问题.     

Numerical simulation of viscous flow over non-smooth surfaces

The incompressible viscous flow over several non-smooth surfaces is simulated numerically by using the lattice Boltzmann method. A numerical strategy for dealing with a curved boundary with second-order accuracy for velocity field is presented. The drag evaluation is performed by the momentum-exchange method. The streamline contours are obtained over surfaces with different shapes, including circular concave, circular convex, triangular concave, triangular convex, regular sinusoidal wavy and irregular sinusoidal wavy, are obtained. The flow patterns are discussed in detail. The velocity profiles over different kinds of non-smooth surfaces are investigated. The numerical results show that the lattice Boltzmann method is reliable, accurate, easy to implement, and can provide valuable help for some engineering practices.     

Lattice BGK direct numerical simulation of fully developed turbulence in incompressible plane channel flow

Over the last decade, lattice Boltzmann methods have proven to be reliable and efficient tools for the numerical simulation of complex flows. The specifics of such methods as turbulence solvers, however, are not yet completely documented. This paper provides results of direct numerical simulations (DNS), by a lattice Boltzmann scheme, of fully developed, incompressible, pressure-driven turbulence between two parallel plates. These are validated against results from simulations using a standard Chebyshev pseudo-spectral method. Detailed comparisons, in terms of classical one-point turbulence statistics at moderate Reynolds number, with both numerical and experimental data show remarkable agreement.

Consequently, the choice of numerical method has, in sufficiently resolved DNS computations, no dominant effect at least on simple statistical quantities such as mean flow and Reynolds stresses. Since only the method-independent statistics can be credible, the choice of numerical method for DNS should be determined mainly through considerations of computational efficiency. The expected practical advantages of the lattice Boltzmann method, for instance against pseudo-spectral methods, are found to be significant even for the simple geometry and the moderate Reynolds number considered here. This permits the conclusion that the lattice Boltzmann approach is a promising DNS tool for incompressible turbulence.     

A cache‐efficient implementation of the lattice Boltzmann method for the two‐dimensional diffusion equation

The lattice Boltzmann method is an important technique for the numerical solution of partial differential equations because it has nearly ideal scalability on parallel computers for many applications. However, to achieve the scalability and speed potential of the lattice Boltzmann technique, the issues of data reusability in cache‐based computer architectures must be addressed. Utilizing the two‐dimensional diffusion equation, , this paper examines cache optimization for the lattice Boltzmann method in both serial and parallel implementations. In this study, speedups due to cache optimization were found to be 1.9–2.5 for the serial implementation and 3.6–3.8 for the parallel case in which the domain decomposition was optimized for stride‐one access. In the parallel non‐cached implementation, the method of domain decomposition (horizontal or vertical) used for parallelization did not significantly affect the compute time. In contrast, the cache‐based implementation of the lattice Boltzmann method was significantly faster when the domain decomposition was optimized for stride‐one access. Additionally, the cache‐optimized lattice Boltzmann method in which the domain decomposition was optimized for stride‐one access displayed superlinear scalability on all problem sizes as the number of processors was increased. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一维Tyson反应扩散系统的格子Boltzmann方法模拟

建立基于格子Boltzmann模型的一维Tyson反应扩散系统的数值求解法.利用浓度分布的Chapmann-Enskogz展开及多尺度技术,获得激励介质在反应与扩散机制同时作用的一维反应扩散方程,用于求解Tyson反应扩散的反应物和催化剂随时间的浓度空间分布值.数值结果表明本文中所提供的方法是有效的.     

Multiscale modelling strategy using the lattice Boltzmann method for polymer dynamics in a turbulent flow

Polymer dynamics in a turbulent flow is a problem spanning several orders of magnitude in length and time scales. A microscopic simulation covering all those scales from the polymer segment to the inertial scale of turbulence remains improbable within the foreseeable future. We propose a multiscale simulation strategy to enhance the spatio-temporal resolution of the local Lagrangian turbulent flow by matching two different simulation techniques, i.e. direct numerical simulation for the flow as a whole, and the lattice Boltzmann method coupled to polymer dynamics at the Kolmogorov dissipation scale. Local turbulent flows sampled by Lagrangian tracer particles in the direct numerical simulation are reproduced in the lattice Boltzmann model with a finer resolution, by supplying the latter with both the correct initial condition as well as the correct time-dependent boundary condition, sampled from the former. When combined with a Molecular Dynamics simulation of a polymer chain in the lattice Boltzmann model, it provides a strategy to simulate the passive dynamics of a polymer chain in a turbulent flow covering all these scales. Although this approach allows for a fairly realistic model of the macromolecule, the back-coupling to the flow on the large scales is missing.     

Domain decomposition based coupling between the lattice Boltzmann method and traditional CFD methods—Part I: Formulation and application to the 2-D Burgers’ equation

The lattice Boltzmann method is being increasingly employed in the field of computational fluid dynamics due to its computational efficiency. Floating-point operations in the lattice Boltzmann method involve local data and therefore allow easy cache optimization and parallelization. Due to this, the cache-optimized lattice Boltzmann method has superior computational performance over traditional finite difference methods for solving unsteady flow problems. When solving steady flow problems, the explicit nature of the lattice Boltzmann discretization limits the time step size and therefore the efficiency of the lattice Boltzmann method for steady flows. To quantify the computational performance of the lattice Boltzmann method for steady flows, a comparison study between the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and the alternating direction implicit (ADI) method was performed using the 2-D steady Burgers’ equation. The comparison study showed that the LBM performs comparatively poor on high-resolution meshes due to smaller time step sizes, while on coarser meshes where the time step size is similar for both methods, the cache-optimized LBM performance is superior. Because flow domains can be discretized with multiblock grids consisting of coarse and fine grid blocks, the cache-optimized LBM can be applied on the coarse grid block while the traditional implicit methods are applied on the fine grid blocks. This paper finds the coupled cache-optimized lattice Boltzmann-ADI method to be faster by a factor of 4.5 over the traditional methods while maintaining similar accuracy.