仿生结构钛合金植入材料的研究和应用

仿生结构钛合金植入材料拥有良好的力学性能和生物相容性,且弹性模量与人体骨骼较为相近,具有广阔的应用前景.为此,介绍了表面仿生结构和梯度仿生结构两大类仿生结构钛合金植入材料的研究现状,其中,表面仿生结构钛合金植入材料的制备方法主要有电化学沉积法、激光熔覆法以及复合改性技术等;梯度仿生结构钛合金的制备方法主要有粉末冶金法、...     

钛及钛合金植入体表面微纳结构制备技术及生物性能研究进展

对国内外医用钛及钛合金植入体表面微纳结构制备技术的研究现状进行综述。介绍了喷砂、微切削和激光等机械加工方法,等离子喷涂、溅射等物理方法,酸蚀、碱热处理、阳极氧化等化学处理方法在钛及钛合金植入体表面制备的微纳结构,概述了微纳结构对钛及钛合金植入体生物相容性的影响。最后,总结各种制备方法的优劣,并结合目前医用钛及钛合金植入体表面微纳结构研究中存在的问题,指出了植入体表面微纳结构制备方法的发展趋势。     

钛制管路防污方法研究进展

钛材良好的生物相容性导致其在海水管路应用中面临着严重的海洋生物污损问题。分析了钛材表面污损生物附着机理及附着规律,分别介绍了微生物污损与宏生物污损对钛材的影响,阐述了国内外钛制管路常用的防污技术及其特点,并指出了钛制管路污损防除技术的研究方向:(1)掌握污损生物在钛材表面的附着规律及与钛材界面的作用机制,以助于防污技术的研究;(2)开发无毒、节能、高效的新型海洋生物防污技术。     

医用钛合金表面防护技术研究取得新成果

<正>2023年1月,安徽工业大学先进金属材料绿色制备与表面技术教育部重点实验室张世宏教授团队在《Corrosion Science》上发表了医用钛合金表面防护的最新研究成果。医用钛合金具有密度小、比强度高、生物相容性好和耐腐蚀性优良等特点,是人体植入体的首选材料,但其长期服役于人体环境中易产生腐蚀磨损,进而影响钛合金植入件的功能。物理气相沉积(简称PVD)技术所制备的氮化锆(ZrN)涂层具有优异的抗磨性能和生物相容性,     

钛合金的摩擦磨损性能及其改善方法

钛合金是航空航天等领域不可替代的重要材料,但摩擦磨损性能的不足限制了其在更广泛工况下的使用。介绍了关于钛合金摩擦磨损性能的传统认识和新的研究进展,综述了有关钛合金磨损机制和摩擦磨损性能的研究成果;总结了改善钛合金摩擦磨损性能的3类常用表面处理方法,即表面改性技术、表面合金化技术和表面涂镀技术;指出了当前钛合金磨损研究和性能改善方面存在的问题及提高钛合金耐磨性的研究方向。     

骨科用钛合金表面改性技术与生物相容性研究进展

钛合金因其优异的耐腐蚀性能和良好的生物相容性,在骨科修复领域得到广泛应用。对国内外骨科用钛合金表面涂层制造技术及其相容性的研究进展进行了总结,重点介绍了等离子喷涂、阳极氧化、热氧化、微弧氧化等处理方法的最新进展,并对钛合金表面涂层种类及组织相容性、血液相容性、力学相容性等进行了分析。     

哈工大威海校区“海洋工程材料及深加工技术国际联合研究中心”获批

正2016年1月,哈尔滨工业大学威海校区的"海洋工程材料及深加工技术国际联合研究中心"通过科技部批准。该中心由哈工大威海校区冯吉才教授牵头组建,以聚焦"第三金属"钛合金,依托承担国家"863计划"、国家自然基金及国家重大成果转化项目及汇聚的高水平人才队伍,加强与国际上在该领域研究处于领先地位的研究机构交流和合作。在特种钛粉制备、高性能钛材及其型板材特种成形技术、钛合金大厚磁控窄间隙高效焊接装备与工艺、钛合金防腐防污等领域开展工作。该研究中心计划通过实施国际科技合作,引进消化吸收国际领先的高新技术,培育储备相关技术领域的     

钛及钛合金人体植入材料研究进展

钛及其合金因其具有低密度、高比强度、低弹性模量、良好的生物相容性和耐蚀性等特点, 被认为是一种理想的人体植入金属材料, 广泛应用于骨关节替换、牙齿修复等方面, 且对其的需求量快速增长; 同时, 钛也存在骨整合率低、抗菌性差、耐磨性差等缺陷, 急需进一步研究和改进。本文介绍了钛及钛合金作为人体植入材料的优异特性, 概述了国内外关于新型β型钛合金、表面改性钛合金、多孔钛合金、钛-陶复合材料的研究进展, 总结了钛及钛合金材料存在的一些问题, 为新型钛及钛合金材料的设计研发, 钛及钛合金综合性能的优化, 钛及钛合金使用寿命的延长提供参考。     

处理方法对钛合金摩擦磨损性能影响的研究进展

钛合金具有高的比强度、抗疲劳强度和抗腐蚀性能,但其表面硬度及抗磨损性能较差,提高其抗磨损性能一直是研究的热点.对改善钛合金的抗磨损性能的研究主要分为表面处理和整体处理两种方法.表面处理主要通过在钛合金的表面形成具有特殊作用的涂层或加工硬化层以提高其表面抗磨损性能;整体处理主要通过加入或合成具有高硬度的陶瓷成分强化基体以...     

加工参数对工业纯钛激光等离子体氮化层组织的影响

正钛及钛合金与钢相比具有低密度、高抗拉强度、高耐腐蚀性和生物相容性等特性,在过去几十年中得到广泛的研究,但是较差的摩擦学性能限制了其在某些领域的应用。氮化是提高钛及钛合金的摩擦性能的有效方法,通过激光束扫描待加工表面,使其在氮环境下受热熔化,将氮和基体结合形成表面硬化层以提高基体的硬度和耐磨性。激光持续等离     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

Craniometaphyseal and craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, head and neck manifestations and management

Mechanical allodynia (MA) following hand injury is a well-documented clinical problem. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the relationship between hand MA and the upper limb tension test (ULTT). The ULTT mechanically stresses the neural structures from the C5/6/7 neural foramina to the median nerve distally. This study examined 29 subjects with unilateral hand MA before and after a 2-week neural self-mobilization programme. There was a significant difference between the subjects' affected and unaffected sides when tested using the ULTT, both in reproduction of symptoms and in reduced range of motion of the ULTT. Following the self-mobilization program, there was an improvement in the range of the ULTT, and subjects reported a reduction in their symptoms. Complete recovery was not obtained in all cases. The results of this study suggest that the ULTT is a useful tool both in assessment and treatment of subjects with hand MA.     

深云立交桥梁检测及加固改造

根据深云立交桥梁的检测结果，对该桥目前的整体状况、工作状态，及其使用情况做出综合评价，对桥的病害原因进行了分析，并提出合理的加固方案。     

关于摩尔浓度及其与硬度转换关系问题的讨论

众所周知，国际单位制物质的量采用摩尔(mol)表示，近几年出版的给排水专业书籍，为了与国际单位制接轨，逐渐将摩尔的使用频率不断提高，被给排水技术人员广泛应用的新版给排水设计手册，将表示物质浓度的单位“当量／升”或“毫克当量／升”．改为mol／l或mmol／l，虽然编者对其基本单元定义作了说明，但在实际运用上仍会出现误解，     

《儿子与情人》的语码转换与男女二元对立

劳伦斯小说《儿子与情人》一个鲜明的语言特色就是标准英语和当地方言频繁的语码转换。莫瑞尔用方言来对抗妻子,而妻子坚持用标准英语,偶尔也用方言来讽刺、挖苦丈夫。语码转换反映了劳伦斯男女二元对立的哲学思想。