一种基于自适应蚁群算法的数据关联方法

针对跟踪中多目标数据关联问题,在蚁群数据关联(ACDA)算法的基础上,提出了一种自适应蚁群数据关联方法,通过对转移概率和信息素持续度的自适应调整,改进了全局信息素更新,有效地避免了陷入局部最优问题。仿真实验证明:该算法在解决多目标数据关联问题上是行之有效的。     

改进蚁群算法的移动机器人路径规划

针对传统蚁群算法在路径规划中存在易陷入局部最优与收敛速度慢等问题,提出一种改进的蚁群算法.采用初始信息素差异化分布策略,增强目标点导向区的初始信息素浓度;基于回退策略与禁忌搜索结合分块优化,利用叉积运算进行局部折点优化;引入信息素自调节加强因子,改进信息素浓度更新公式;引入随机状态转移参数,增强全局搜索能力;将改进算法...     

改进蚁群算法求解最短路径问题

针对蚁群算法在求解最短路径问题时存在容易陷入局部最优解的问题,对经典蚁群算法提出三方面改进。首先,在初始化信息素浓度时加入方向引导,加快初始搜索速度;其次,在局部信息素浓度更新过程中采用信息素重分配思想,避免由路径信息素衰减过程导致的最优路径信息素浓度过分减少;最后,在全局信息素更新过程中引入动态因子,使其自适应地更新较优路径信息素浓度,以提高全局搜索能力。仿真实验结果表明,该改进算法可以保证收敛速度,并提高算法搜索到最优路径的几率。     

改进的智能蚁群算法在TSP问题中的应用

研究旅行商领域优化路径问题,解决目前蚁群算法易陷入局部最优、搜索时间长等问题.为加快算法的速度优化结果,提出了一种改进的求解TSP问题的智能蚁群优化算法.算法前期采用了一种最近节点选择策略对路径进行优化,提高了搜索效率,使之适应大规模问题求解;后期改进了基本蚁群算法中信息素、挥发因子的更新规则,通过改进使得每轮搜索后信息素的增量能更好地反映求解的质量,有效地避免陷入局部最优,加快了收敛.通过改进后的蚁群算法,对TSPLIB中部分问题的仿真结果表明,在避免陷入局部最优和缩短搜索时间方面都取得了很好的效果.证明采取的优化蚁群算法,是可行有效的.     

优化蚁群算法在无人机航路规划中的应用

研究无人机航路规划问题,采用基本蚁群算法易陷入局部最优、搜索时间长导致人机作航路规划效率低的难题.为了提高无人机航路规划效率,提高速度和系统品质特性,提出了一种基于改进蚁群算法的无人机航路规划方法.算法前期采用了保留最优解和自适应航路点选择策略对路径进行优化,使之适应大规模问题求解;后期改进了基本蚁群算法中信息素、挥发因子的更新规则,通过改进使得每轮搜索后信息素的增量能更好地反映求解的质量,有效地避免陷入局部最优,加快了收敛,提高了搜索效率.采用改进的蚁群算法对无人机任务航路进行仿真,仿真结果表明,改进方法避免了陷入局部最优,并缩短了搜索时间,航路规划效率明显提高,证明是一种有效的无人机航路优化方法,可为实际应用提供参考.     

分工合作的加权蚁群算法*

针对蚁群算法搜索时间长、易于陷入局部最优解的缺点,提出一种新的改进算法——分工合作的加权蚁群算法。此算法采取分工合作的方式,在信息素初始化、状态转移概率中分别加入权值,并运用遗传算法中排序的概念对信息素更新机制进行排序加权,此外对信息素上限加以限制。最后以TSP为例,验证了此改进算法不但在收敛速度上有了大幅度提高,而且有效避免了易于陷入局部最优解的缺点,从而证明了提出的新算法是合理有效的。     

动态路径规划中的改进蚁群算法

针对传统蚁群算法收敛速度慢、易陷入局部最优解的缺点,提出了改进距离启发因子以增加目标节点对下一节点的影响,从而提高全局搜索能力,避免陷于局部最优解,提高收敛速度;考虑真实环境的复杂多样性,引入多个路径质量约束来改进信息素更新规则。仿真实验结果显示,改进蚁群算法在动态路径规划中具有良好的效果。     

基于混合多种群自适应蚁群算法的无人机航路规划

针对基本蚁群算法在航路规划中易于过早陷入局部最优解,对蚁群算法进行了改进;提出了具有多种群的蚁群算法,并将导引因子引入到状态转移策略中,减少蚂蚁局部搜索的盲目性,确保蚂蚁最终完成航路搜索;当算法陷入局部收敛时,通过交换各种群的信息素,并对每个种群的挥发系数进行自适应调整,从而扩大了搜索空间,提高了搜索全局性;最后在代价函数简化后的栅格图中对改进算法进行了仿真;仿真结果表明,该方法可以有效防止算法陷入局部最优,是一种有效的航路规划方法.     

基于转角约束的改进蚁群优化算法路径规划

针对传统蚁群优化（ACO）算法搜索路径时易陷入局部最优、路径过长、转弯角度过大等问题,提出一种基于转弯角度约束的改进ACO算法。首先,增加起始点与目标点之间区域的初始信息素浓度,以避免初期盲目搜索;然后,在启发函数中加入A^*算法的估价函数和转弯角度因子,以便在下一步选择路径长度和转角次数综合最优的节点;最后,在信息素更新部分引入狼群算法的分配原则,来加强优质种群的影响力,同时借鉴最大最小蚁群（MMAS）算法进行信息素浓度的限制,从而避免算法陷入局部最优。Matlab仿真结果表明,改进算法与传统ACO算法相比,规划出的路径长度缩短了13.7%,转弯次数减小了64.3%,累计转弯角度减少了76.7%。实验结果表明,所提改进算法能有效解决全局路径规划问题,避免了移动机器人过多的能耗损失。     

改进蚁群算法在机器人路径规划中的应用

针对传统蚁群算法在移动机器人路径规划问题中存在的易陷入局部最优与收敛速度慢等问题,提出一种改进的蚁群算法。根据起点到终点距离和地图参数构建全局优选区域,提高该区域内初始信息素浓度,避免算法初期盲目搜素;利用局部分块优化策略分别对各个子区域进行寻优并更新区域内最优路径信息素,增强局部搜索能力,加快收敛速度;对全局路径进行寻优,更新全局最优路径信息素。在信息素更新公式中引入信息素增强因子,加强最优路径信息素含量,应用反向学习优化信息素,改进状态选择概率,提高算法寻优能力。实验结果表明,改进后的算法明显提高了收敛速度,同时寻优能力更强。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。