用水杨醛肟作活化剂,黄药作捕收剂浮选氧化锌矿的研究

本文通过实验研究了水杨醛肟对氧化锌矿物(菱锌矿和异极矿)浮选的活化效应,研究结果表明,菱锌矿和异极矿经水杨醛肟活化后可不经硫化,直接用黄药有效地加以浮选这种水杨醛肟活化——黄药法较之通常的硫化——黄药法或硫化—胺法具有药剂耗量低,回收率高和浮选选择性好等优点.     

菱锌矿－褐铁矿体系浮选研究

通过Ｈｕｌｌｉｍｏｎｄ管浮选、动电位测定等方法研究了菱锌矿－褐铁矿浮选体系中胺和硫化钠作用机理。结果表明，在较高的ｐＨ下，胺通过络合作用吸附于菱锌矿表面，硫化钠与铁质反应生成ＦｅＳ从而活化褐铁矿的浮选并消耗浮选药剂。     

菱锌矿／方解石胺浮选溶液化学研究

通过ζ－电位测定、浮选实验和溶液化学计算，研究了菱锌矿／方解石／十二胺体系中的动电行为与浮选行为。结果表明，Ｎａ２Ｓ使菱锌矿ζ－电位更负，十二胺使革命锌矿和方解石ζ－电位更正。低ｐＨ值下，十二胺与碳酸根形成胺盐是其在菱锌矿和方解石表面吸附的主要机理；高ｐＨ值下，锌胺络合物的生成则是胺浮选菱锌矿的机理。     

组合药剂对方铅矿浮选性能的影响

利用纯矿物研究单一捕收剂黄药和组合药剂对方铅矿浮选行为的影响．首先确定黄药的试验条件，在此基础上添加pepa药剂，进一步考察组合药剂的最佳试验条件、Pepa药剂对方铅矿的黄药浮选有明显的活化作用、试验结果表明：组合药剂比黄药对方铅矿具有更好的捕收性能，在最佳的工艺条件下，把浮选回收率从80％提高到了96％．     

硫酸铵对黄药在孔雀石表面吸附的促进作用

吸附试验结果表明：硫酸铵活化孔雀石浮选，是通过提高吸附黄药能力来实现的在孔雀石－黄药浮选体系中加入硫酸铵，可大幅度提高黄药的吸附量和吸附速度，饱和吸附量提高了１倍，吸附速度常数由０５６提高到１０１６，可见硫酸铵对黄药在矿物表面的吸附起了“促进吸附”作用     

硫酸铵对黄药在孔雀石表现吸附的促进作用

吸附试验结果表明：硫酸铵活化孔雀石浮选，是通过提高吸附黄药能力来实现的。在孔雀石－黄药浮选体系中加入硫酸铵，可大幅度提高黄药的吸附量和吸附速度，饱和吸附量提高了１倍，吸附速度常数由０．５６提高到１０．１６，可见硫酸铵对黄药在矿物表面的吸附起了“促进吸附”作用。     

苯基乙基丙二酸的合成及其浮选性能研究

通过相对应的酯,合成苯基乙基丙二酸并经红外光谱对其进行初步表征.确定了生成苯基乙基丙二酸水解反应的实验条件：反应时间、反应温度及反应物用量等.研究了苯基乙基丙二酸与十二胺组合对菱锌矿的浮选性能.结果表明：与单一用十二胺浮选矿物进行比较,合成的苯基乙基丙二酸具有良好的辅捕收性能,使菱锌矿回收率从82.0%提高到了91.0%.     

兰坪氧化锌矿——脉石体系分散与选择性絮凝研究

用不同水解度的聚丙烯酰胺与苛性芭蕉芋淀粉作絮凝剂,聚磷酸盐作分散剂,对云南兰坪铅锌矿矿石中的主要氧化锌与脉石矿物组成的四个体系(水锌矿——方解石、水锌矿——石英、菱锌矿——方解石、菱锌矿——石英)进行了分散与絮凝及其机理的研究.研究结果,发现水解的聚丙烯酰胺对氧化锌矿的絮凝能力较强,对石英却不絮凝,对存在聚磷酸盐和较高 pH 值矿浆中的方解石亦不絮凝.Na_2S 及混合胺能使菱锌矿活化,而对方解石的絮凝却无影响.在适当条件下,水解的聚丙烯酰胺能絮凝分离混合矿中的氧化锌矿;苛性芭蕉芋淀粉对方解石和氧化锌矿絮凝能力较强,对石英则不絮凝.用苛性芭蕉芋淀粉可从混合矿物中分离氧化锌矿物,且得到较好的分离效果.     

贵州某铅锌尾矿工艺矿物学研究

采用MLA、EPMA、SEM-EDS、XRD等现代分析测试手段对贵州铅锌尾矿试样进行了详细的工艺矿物学研究.研究结果表明:尾矿中主要含铅矿物为方铅矿和白铅矿,但含铅矿物嵌布粒度微细,且主要分布在-28μm的微细粒级中,回收难度较大.含锌矿物主要为菱锌矿和硅锌矿,损失的主要原因为原矿分选过程中缺少氧化矿浮选流程,其中菱锌矿分布较广且嵌布粒度较粗,主要与白云石、含铅锌褐铁矿共生,为尾矿再选回收的主要对象.此外,菱锌矿中含有一定量的稀贵金属锗,可在锌精矿得到一定程度的富集.研究结果对原矿选矿工艺流程的改进及该尾矿资源的回收利用具有重要的指导意义.     

在孔雀石的黄药直接浮选体系中铵离子浓度的研究

已有的研究确认了无机盐对孔雀石直接浮选所起的相转移活化作用，本试验采用氨气敏电极，测定了硫酸铵、氯化铵、硫酰铁铵等无机铵盐在孔雀石浮选过程中氨浓度变化情况。研究结果表明：无论是硫酸铵、氯化铵、还是硫酸铁铵，它们在孔雀石黄药浮选的始终，铵离子浓度保持不变，而只是在浮选过程中发生变化，参与了矿物、药剂之间的反应，从而可断定：无机铵盐在孔雀石的纯矿物浮选中，表现为一种“相转移催化剂”。     

Bioflotation of pyrite with Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

Bioflotation of pyrite with bacteria Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in the presence or absence of potassium ethyl xanthate was studied on a pure pyrite through microflotation and electrophoretic light scattering measurements. The experimental results showed that in the absence of xanthate, pyrite flotation is slightly enhanced by Thiobacillusferrooxidans. However, with xanthate as a collector, pyrite flotation is strongly depressed after being exposed to the bacteria. The longer is the time when the pyrite is exposed to the bacteria, the stronger the depression is. The mechanism of the depression might be due to the formation of the biofilms of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on pyrite surfaces, preventing the adsorption of xanthate on pyrite surfaces in the form of dixanthogen or xanthate ions.     

Hydrophobic-surface of copper from converter slag in the flotation system

The converter slag from a smeltery in Daye contains 2.01% copper. The floatability of copper has a significant influence on the flotation of converter slag. Flotation tests, contact angle tests and FTIR were conducted to assess the influences of pH and different flotation concentrators on its hydrophobic process, mechanism and flotation. The results show that since chemisorptions are formed on the surface, hydrophobicity of copper is highly enhanced by xanthate, butylamine dithiophosphate and Z-200. The hydrophobic-surface of copper becomes worse with low recovery in strong acid and alkali situation. When pH value is 10, butylamine dithiophosphate and butyl xanthate are used as the mixed-collector, the grade of copper is 40.01% and that of tailings is 0.37%.     

Effect of organic depressant lignosulfonate calcium on separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite

In order to selectively separate chalcopyrite from pyrite, the effect of organic depressant lignosulfonate calcium (LSC) on the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite was investigated by flotation tests. The depression mechanism was studied by Fourier-transform-infrared (FTIR) analysis. The flotation tests of single mineral show that LSC can depress the flotation of pyrite in a certain pH range, but it has little effect on chalcopyrite flotation. Flotation separation of a mixture of chalcopyrite and pyrite can be completed to obtain a copper concentrate grade up to 24.73% with a recovery of 80.36%. IR analysis shows that LSC and butyl xanthate compete in absorption on pyrite surface, and there exists an LSC characteristic peak on pyrite surface. There is little adsorption of LSC on chalcopyrite.     

改进铜录山铜矿石浮选用药试验

使用不同药剂对铜录山铜矿石进行浮选试验，比较试验结果表明：使用WHL—C作调整剂，丁基黄药和乙基黄药作混合捕收剂，采用-粗-精-扫流程可以获得铜精矿品位23．1％，回收率95.45％的优良指标，证实了混合捕收剂和WHL—C对铜矿物具有优良的选择作用。     

Calculation of electron structure by density function theory and electrochemical process of surface （100） of FeS2

The electron structure of FeS2 surface (100) was computed by DFT (density function theory) and the process of electron transfer in sulfide flotation was simulated through ab-initio calculation. The results show that the interaction between xanthate and FeS2 is controlled by the energy of valence band. The products and degree of the reaction depend on the density of state of valence band and concentration of positive hole in valence band. Interaction between xanthate and pyrite can be changed by modifying the election structure of the surface of pyrite. Xanthate is adsorbed on the surface of intrinsic pyrite. But the amount of xanthate adsorbed on the surface of the pyrite with sulfur vacancy is more than that on the surface of the intrinsic pyrite due to the higher electron and vacancy density. Xanthate is not adsorbed on the surface of pyrite with Fe vacancy because of its high Fermi energy.     

Techniques of copper recovery from Mexican copper oxide ore

Mexican copper ore is a mixed ore containing mainly copper oxide and some copper sulfide that responds well to flotation. The joint techniques of flotation and leaching were studied. The results indicate that an ore containing 19.01% copper could be obtained at a recovery ratio of 35.02% by using sodium sulfide and butyl xanthate flotation. Over 83.33% of the copper oxide can be recovered from the tailings by leaching in suitable conditions, such as 1 h stirring at a temperature around 25 ℃ with a mixing speed of 500 r/min, an H2SO4 concentration of 1.0 mol/L and a mass ratio of the ore-slurry-liquid to solid (mL/mS) of 3. The overall yield of refined ore after flotation and leaching is over 89.18% of the copper, which is much better than sole flotation or leaching. A copper product containing more than 99.9% copper was obtained by using the process: flotation-agitation leaching-solvent extraction-electro-winning.     

Sulfidization regulation of cuprite by pre-oxidation using sodium hypochlorite as an oxidant

The direct sulfidization of cuprite is inefficient because cuprite is a copper-oxide mineral with a strong surface hydrophilicity. In this study, oxidant was used to modify cuprite surfaces to regulate the sulfidization of cuprite. Microflotation tests showed that the flotation recovery of pre-oxidized cuprite was nearly 25% higher than that of direct sulfidization flotation, which indicates that the cuprite surface activity was enhanced after pre-oxidation by Cu(I) species (weak affinity with sulfur ions) transformation to Cu(II) species (strong affinity with sulfur ions). Zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry results showed that pre-oxidation improved cuprite sulfidization and promoted the formation of copper-sulfide species on the cuprite surfaces. The mineral surface stability and thus, xanthate species adsorption on the cuprite surfaces were improved. The surface-adsorption measurements and infrared spectroscopy showed that a large amount of xanthate species was adsorbed onto the sulfidized cuprite surfaces after pre-oxidation, which enhanced the cuprite hydrophobicity and improved the cuprite flotation.     

DESIGNS AND APPLICATIONS OF COLLECTORLESS FLOTATION FLOWSHEETS OF SULPHIDE ORES~＋

ＤＥＳＩＧＮＳＡＮＤＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＣＯＬＬＥＣＴＯＲＬＥＳＳＦＬＯＴＡＴＩＯＮＦＬＯＷＳＨＥＥＴＳＯＦＳＵＬＰＨＩＤＥＯＲＥＳ~＋￥ＳｕｎＳｈｕｉｙｕ；ＬｉＢｏｄａｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭｉｎｅｒａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，Ｃｅｎ?..     

Flotation performances of polymorphic pyrrhotite

The floatability of different crystalline structures of pyrrhotite (monoclinic and hexagonal) was studied. It is shown that the floatability of monoclinic and hexagonal has obvious difference, and that the flotation recovery of monoclinic pyrrhotite is larger than that of hexagonal pyrrhotite using different collectors. When butyl dithiophosphate is used as the collector, the recovery is larger than that by sodium butyl xanthate and sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate. At the pH values ranging from 6 to 9, monoclinic pyrrhotite can be floated well, and the flotation recovery is higher than 90%. Monoclinic and hexagonal pyrrhotites are more easily activated by Cu²⁺ in acidic conditions than in alkaline conditions. But Cu²⁺ cannot activate hexagonal pyrrhotite using sodium diethyldithiocarbamate as the collector. By the measurement of contact angle, it is indicated that monoclinic and hexagonal pyrrhotites float well and are easily activated by Cu²⁺ when dithiophosphate is used as the collector. Using sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate as a collector, the relationship between potential and pH range for pyrrhotite flotation is established. At pH 5, the optimal potential range for flotation of monoclinic pyrrhotite is about 125–580 mV (vs SHE), with the maximum flotation occurring at about 350 mV (vs SHE); the optimal potential range for flotation of hexagonal pyrrhotite is 200–580 mV (vs SHE), with the maximum flotation occurring at about 300 mV (vs SHE).     

云南罗平史家寨硫铁矿的浮选研究

云南省罗平县史家寨硫铁矿矿石是一种细粒嵌布的低品位矿石.原矿含硫仅14.30%.为制定该矿石的最佳选矿工艺流程,以生产出品位高于35%的硫精矿,进行了一系列研究.研究结果表明,为产出合格精矿,保证85%-200目以上的磨矿细度是关键措施.除此之外,用乙基黄药而不是丁基黄药作为扑收剂、使用适量的硫酸铜作为活化剂以及添加足够的起泡剂2号油,也是获得良好选矿指标的重要条件.按所拟定的流程和药剂制度,产出了品位为35.20%的硫精矿,回收率高达84.43%.