渤海某油田驱油用超低界面张力表面活性剂研究北大核心CSCD

目的为改善渤海X油田注水开发效果,对该油田进行了驱油用超低界面张力表面活性剂研究。方法在分析油田原油饱和分和芳香分碳原子数分布基础上,结合“相似相溶”原理和疏水端空间位置互补效应,对表面活性剂进行优选和复配。结果从5种表面活性剂中优选出了十六烷基二甲基甜菜碱和烷基糖苷APG1214两种表面活性剂,二者按最佳质量比1∶2复配后可获得超低界面张力表面活性剂。该表面活性剂在岩心中滞留损失率小,仅为11.2%;在质量分数为0.1%~0.3%时,原油的乳化和破乳率均高于90%;当质量分数为0.20%时,可在水驱基础上提高原油采收率9.4%。结论复配表面活性剂降水增油效果明显,可用于实现油田水驱后“挖潜提采”的目的。     

超低界面张力下泡沫驱油试验首次获得成功

通过注碱／表面活性剂／聚合物（ASP）降低原油与驱替液之间的界面张力（IFT），可提高采收率和驱替液的粘度，增加体积扫油效率，将天然气添加到碱／表面活性剂／聚合物液体中会形成一种碱／表面活性剂／聚合物泡沫（ASPF）型驱替液，本文介绍了碱／表面活性剂／聚合物泡沫在实验室和现场试验的结果，目前的采收率为原始原油地质储量的65．5％。     

驱油用石油磺酸盐界面张力与驱油效果研究

通过对BA表面活性剂复配驱油体系的界面张力和驱油效果的研究表明,单独使用BA体系降低界面张力的能力较低,且达到超低界面张力所需的Na2CO3质量浓度范围较窄;BA/异丙醇/NP表面活性剂复配体系(BF-2)降低原油界面张力的能力最优,对Na2CO3浓度适应范围较宽.模拟驱油实验表明,复配体系(BF-2)可增加原油采收率18%.在此基础上,对复配表面活性剂超低界面张力的作用机理进行了探讨.     

复合驱油体系与孤东油田馆5^2^＋^3层原油间的界面张力

本文报导了用于孤东油田馆5~(2+3)层复合驱油试验的ASP体系与原油间界面张力的研究结果。在ASP复合驱油体系中,碱A和表面活性剂S在降低界面张力上有协同效应,聚合物P的影响很小。在单一A和A+S体系中最佳碱浓度为0.2％和1.5％(Na_2CO_3)。1.5％Na_2CO_3+0.4％OP-10体系有最佳界面特性。     

低界面张力泡沫驱油体系研究

采用Waring—Blender法对13种表面活性剂进行了泡沫性能评价,并测定了油水界面张力。结果表明,起泡性能好的DK,AS—14,Es表面活性剂油水界面张力未达10～mN／m。分别用阴离子表面活性剂WPS和非离子表面活性剂PM对Es,As-14,DK表面活性剂进行复配,As-14,DK与PM复配增效作用强,界面活性高。仅DK／PM复配表面活性剂的起泡和稳泡性能好。对DK／PM复配表面活性剂进行配方优化,当DK／PM复配表面活性剂总浓度为3000mg／L,DK与PM质量比为5：1时,泡沫综合指数达最大值,为4050．0,平衡时油水界面张力达5．96×10～mN／m．     

超低界面张力泡沫体系性能研究

经实验筛选的双子表活剂的表面张力约为25 mN/m,能在表活剂浓度为0.05%～0.3%的范围内与原油达到超低界面张力,泡沫半衰期和综合指数均好于重烷基苯磺酸盐和а-烯烃磺酸盐.气液混合注入,聚驱后超低界面张力泡沫驱提高采收率15%以上,发泡液中聚合物浓度越高,提高采收率幅度越大;气液交替注入,超低界面张力泡沫驱提高采收率16.35%,好于相同聚合物浓度的三元泡沫驱(13.79%).实验证明,聚驱后选择超低界面张力泡沫驱来进一步提高采收率是可行的.     

复合体系超低界面张力和碱在驱油过程中的实际作用

以物理模拟实验结果为依据并结合理论分析发现,在实际油藏的驱油过程中,础活性剂／聚合物（ASP）复合体系与原油的超低界面张力对于启动残余油滴和降低毛管阻力的作用均比以往所推断的要小;为使油／水界面张力达到超低而加入的大量强碱,将导致储层矿物的溶蚀、地层和井筒的严重结垢以及产出液的深度乳化,这对于复合驱的总体效果和效益都是不利的。因此,对于复合体系超低界面张力和碱在驱油过程中的实际作用研究应予以客观的评价,对于非超低界面张力体系驱油实际效果的研究应引起足够的重视.     

阴离子双子表面活性剂的油水界面张力研究

为探究GA系列新型阴离子双子表面活性剂的油水界面活性及提高油层原油采收率的可行性,以模拟地层水和东河塘稀油,在45℃条件下,利用旋转液滴法测试了不同分子结构阴离子双子表面活性剂与稀油间的界面张力,并以GA12-4-12为对象,测试了其在不同浓度时的动态界面张力,考察了其与非离子表面活性剂ANT的复配性能。结果表明:连接基长度及碳链长度越长,油水界面张力越低;随GA12-4-12浓度增加,界面张力先降后升,0.3%时油水界面张力仅0.00885mN/m,但时间稳定性变差;GA12-4-12与ANT复配协同效果明显,复配比为4∶1时0.1%(GA12-4-12+ANT)加量可使油水界面张力达超低(0.00884mN/m),明显降低了GA12-4-12用量。可见GA12-4-12与ANT复配体系具有低剂量下提高原油采收率的性能,建议用该配方进行提高原油水驱采收率试验研究工作。     

超低界面张力泡沫体系驱先导性矿场试验研究

超低界面张力泡沫体系驱是一种全新的三次采油方法,驱油效果优于三元复合驱,可比水驱提高采收率25％左右。通过室内综合研究,确定了超低界面张力泡沫体系驱试验方案,并在大庆油田进行了先导性矿场试验。试验结果,油层中有大量泡沫生成,扩大了波及体积,提高了洗油效率,注入井注入压力上升,注采压差大幅度增加,吸液指数和产液指数大幅度下降,增油降水效果显著,气窜现象得到抑制。超低界面张力泡沫体系驱应该采用双管分注工艺,否则易产生水化物;由于注气压力较高,应采用更高性能的压缩机设备,以保证达到设计的气液比要求。图3表3参10     

鼠李糖脂/槐糖脂/有机碱复配驱油体系的界面性能及驱油效率

为降低无机碱/表面活性剂二元驱油体系对油藏地层环境的损害,提高驱油体系的生物可降解性,研究了生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂(RL)、槐糖脂(SL)与乙醇胺(MEA)等有机碱复配体系的界面性能,并通过岩心驱替物模实验评价了复配体系强化胜利油田沾三区块原油的驱替效率.Rubingh规则溶液理论模型计算结果表明生物表面活性剂复配体系...     

孤岛油田西区复合驱界面张力研究

针对胜利油区孤岛油田西区油藏条件开展了单一碱、单一活性剂+碱体系、复配活性剂+碱体系及碱+活性剂+聚合物体系的界面张力实验.探索了碱浓度、活性剂浓度、复配活性剂及聚合物的加入等对动态界面张力的影响规律;考察了驱油体系经岩石吸附和热老化以后的界面张力特征;研究了界面张力等值图.研究表明,该区复合驱油体系即使活性剂有效浓度在150mg/L条件下亦可达到3×10-3mN/m的低界面张力;聚合物的加入对体系的界面张力影响不大;体系经油砂吸附和热老化后仍能保持较低的界面张力.     

大庆原油中活性物质对界面张力的影响

通过预接触时间、红外谱图分析等手段研究了原油中活性物质对复合体系界面张力的影响.结果表明,随着预接触时间的增加,原油与复合体系的界面张力最低值逐渐上升,最终与平衡值相同;而直馏煤油与复合体系的界面张力最低值和平衡值几乎相等,且不受接触时问影响;原油中的活性物质由油水界面向水相扩散并最终达到平衡,并且界面张力在达到最低值前后均与t-1/2(t为实验时间)成线性关系,符合扩散规律;对油相和水相进行红外谱图和质谱分析后发现,在与碱接触后,油相的活性物质减少,水相中活性物质增加,验证了原油中的活性物质对降低界面张力起到重要作用.     

Effect of active species in crude oil on the interfacial tension behavior of alkali/synthetic surfactants/crude oil systems

The effect of active species present in crude oil on the interfacial tension （IFT） behavior of alkali/synthetic surfactants/crude oil systems was studied. The system consisted of heavy alkyl benzene sulfonate, sodium chloride, sodium hydrate and Daqing crude oil. Experimental results indicated that active species would diffuse from oil/aqueous interface to aqueous phase and finally an equilibrium could be reached in the system with increasing contact time. Moreover, the minimum IFT and equilibrium IFT values increased with increasing contact time and a linear relationship existed between dynamic IFT and f^-1/2 when IFT value approaching the minimum and after the minimum IFT was reached. This indicated that the dynamic IFT-time behavior was diffusion controlled. The oil and aqueous phases were analyzed by infrared （IR） spectroscopy. IR spectra of oil and aqueous phases illustrated that the content of active species in the oil phase decreased, but the content of active species in the aqueous phase increased after alkali reacted with crude oil. This indicated that the active species present in oil played an important role in reducing IFT.     

Evaluation of interfacial tension between ASP solution and crude oil from B oil field

The interfacial tension (IFT) between alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) solution and crude oil is an important parameter for evaluating the feasibility of the ASP flooding for an oil field. The IFT between six series of ASP solution and crude oil from B oil field were measured at 65°C. Each series of ASP solution was composed of NaOH or Na₂CO₃, one of the three kinds of surfactants (S1, S2, and S3), and polymer FT60. The concentration of FT60 and surfactant were 1500 and 2000 mg/L, respectively. The research results show that the IFT between ASP solution and crude oil is ultra-low in the NaOH-FT60-S2 series and NaOH-FT60-S3 series and the best concentration of NaOH is 4000 mg/L and 8000 mg/L, respectively. NaOH-FT60-S2 series is more suitable for B oil field. The IFT between ASP solution and crude oil is ultra-low in the Na₂CO₃-FT60-S2 series and the best concentration of Na₂CO₃ is 4000 mg/L.     

络合剂改善无碱一元和二元复合驱油体系的增粘能力和油水界面性能

通过研究络合剂对部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)和直链烷基甜菜碱(BH)粘度和油水界面张力的影响,探讨了在高矿化度条件下,利用络合剂作为助剂改善无碱一元和二元复合驱油体系增粘能力和油水界面性能的方法。结果表明,在NaCl,CaCl2和MgCl2的质量浓度分别为6 500,890和520 mg/L的矿化水中,质量浓度为50 mg/L的络合剂就可以使质量浓度为1 800 mg/L的HPAM的粘度增加80%以上,可以使质量浓度为800~3 000 mg/L的直链烷基甜菜碱BH与原油的最低界面张力由10-2mN/m数量级降低到超低水平,而且这种络合剂也可以使1 800 mg/L HPAM—800 mg/L BH二元复合体系老化30 d的粘度增加40%以上,并使油水界面张力最低值由1.52×10-2mN/m降低到6.06×10-3mN/m。通过考察粘度和油水动态界面张力随不同老化时间的变化规律,分析了络合剂的作用机制。     

The effect of temperature on the interfacial tension between crude oil and ethoxylated nonylphenols

In this study, the effect of temperature on interfacial tension between crude oil and ethoxylated nonylphenols, with ethoxy group numbers of 4 and 9, was investigated. The interfacial tension was measured using the rising drop technique. Above the critical micelle concentration, the interfacial tension passed through a minimum when the temperature increased. Below the critical micelle concentration, the interfacial tension and time needed to reach equilibrium interfacial tension was reduced when the temperature increased. For a mixture of a two-surfactant system, interfacial tension was not sensitive to the temperature because of formation of mixed micellar aggregates.     

复合驱界面张力与驱油效率的关系研究

针对大庆油田油层的具体情况,实验采用3种不同类型的表面活性剂配制了三元复合驱油体系,并在3组不同渗透率人造均质岩心上进行了微观驱油实验,研究了不同体系的界面张力与驱油效率的关系。实验结果表明：在渗透率相同的条件下,驱油体系与原油之间的界面张力越低,驱油效率越高;在驱油体系相同的条件下,具有中等渗透率岩心的驱油效率更高一些。超低界面张力并不是绝对必要的。     

The effects of interfacial tension,injection rate,and permeability on oil recovery in dilute surfactant flooding

Surfactant flooding as a potential enhanced oil recovery technology in depleted reservoirs after water flooding has been documented for several decades and has attracted extensive attention. This research explored the effect of interfacial tension among crude oil and surfactant, injection rate, and permeability on oil recovery in dilute surfactant flooding. The results indicated that the additional oil recovery increased with the reduction of the interfacial tension and the increase of the permeability. The additional oil recovery increased and later decreased with the increase of injection rate. The research is instructive for surfactant flooding application for enhanced oil recovery.     

原油组分对化学驱表面活性剂界面张力的影响

为提高化学驱油技术的使用效率,有效掌握表面活性剂的界面张力变化因素,开展了原油组分对表面活性剂界面张力的影响研究。应用原油分离提纯技术、GC-MS、红外光谱和核磁共振分析方法,从原油中分离出石油酸,分析其组分间的相互关系,总结界面张力变化规律。实验结果表明,原油组分中石油酸是影响界面张力的主要成分,其中异构脂肪酸是降低界面张力的重要贡献者。