考虑源漏隧穿的DG MOSFET弹道输运及其模拟

在经典弹道输运模型中引入源漏隧穿(S/D tunneling),采用WKB方法计算载流子源漏隧穿几率,对薄硅层(硅层厚度为1nm)DG(dual gate)MOSFETs的器件特性进行了模拟.模拟结果表明当沟道长度为10nm时,源漏隧穿电流在关态电流中占25%,在开态电流中占5%.随着沟道长度进一步减小,源漏隧穿比例进一步增大.因此,模拟必须包括源漏隧穿.     

一个适用于短沟HALO结构MOS器件的直接隧穿栅电流模型

对沟道长度从10μm到0.13μm,栅氧化层厚度为2.5nm的HALO结构nMOS器件的直接隧穿栅电流进行了研究,得到了一个适用于短沟道HALO结构MOS器件的直接隧穿栅电流模型.随着沟道尺寸的缩短,源/漏扩展区占据沟道的比例越来越大,源漏扩展区的影响不再可以忽略不计.文中考虑了源/漏扩展区对直接隧穿栅电流的影响,给出了适用于不同HALO掺杂剂量的超薄栅(2～4nm)短沟(0.13～0.25μm)nMOS器件的半经验直接隧穿栅电流模拟表达式.     

一个适用于短沟HALO结构MOS器件的直接隧穿栅电流模型

对沟道长度从10μm到0.13μm,栅氧化层厚度为2.5nm的HALO结构nMOS器件的直接隧穿栅电流进行了研究,得到了一个适用于短沟道HALO结构MOS器件的直接隧穿栅电流模型.随着沟道尺寸的缩短,源/漏扩展区占据沟道的比例越来越大,源漏扩展区的影响不再可以忽略不计.文中考虑了源/漏扩展区对直接隧穿栅电流的影响,给出了适用于不同HALO掺杂剂量的超薄栅(2～4nm)短沟(0.13～0.25μm)nMOS器件的半经验直接隧穿栅电流模拟表达式.     

超薄栅氧MOS器件传统关态栅泄漏电流研究

理论分析了MOSFET关态泄漏电流产生的物理机制,深入研究了栅氧化层厚度为1.4nm MOSFET传统关态下边缘直接隧穿栅泄漏现象.结果表明：边缘直接隧穿电流服从指数变化规律;传统关态下边缘直接隧穿对长沟道器件的影响大于短沟道器件;衬底反偏在一定程度上减小边缘直接隧穿泄漏电流.     

A 2-D Semi-Analytical Model of Double-Gate Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor Xu Huifang (许会芳), Dai Yuehua*(代月花), Li Ning(李宁), Xu JianBin(徐建斌)

文中提出了一种双栅隧穿场效应晶体管(DG TFET)的二维半解析模型。通过在栅绝缘层和沟道区引入两个矩形源,运用半解析法和特征函数展开法求解二维泊松方程,得到电势的二维半解析解。解的结果是一个特殊函数,为无穷级数表达式。基于电势模型,求出最短隧穿长度( )和平均电场( ),运用Kane模型得到漏极电流。新模型考虑了移动电荷对电势的影响以及漏源电压对隧穿参数 和 的影响。文中计算了不同漏源电压,不同硅膜厚度,栅介质层厚度和栅介质层常数下的表面势和漏极电流。结果表明,新模型与仿真结果吻合。这将有助于DG TFET的优化设计,同时,也加深了DG TFET器件对电路结构设计的规划。     

量子效应和小型化对隧穿晶体管特性的影响

基于二维器件仿真工具,研究了量子效应和小型化对双栅隧穿场效应晶体管的特性和可靠性的影响.隧穿晶体管中的量子效应除了带间隧穿,还包括量子统计效应和垂直沟道方向的量子限制效应.研究表明,量子统计效应和量子限制效应对隧穿晶体管的电流电压特性,特别是正偏压温度不稳定性(PBTI)是非常重要的.另外,随着沟道长度和体硅厚度的缩小,隧穿晶体管的电流电压特性和可靠性都得到了改善,但在保持相同等效氧化层厚度的情况下,使用高介电常数的栅介质不会改善器件的电流电压特性及可靠性.     

Temperature dependent IDS-VGS characteristics of an N-channel Si tunneling field-effect transistor with a germanium source on Si(110) substrate

在Si(110)衬底上制备了Ge源n型Si沟道隧穿场效应晶体管（TFET）。本文研究了温度对Ge源Si TFET器件的电学性能的影响。温度相关性研究显示器件漏电流主要由漏区的Shockley - Read - Hall (SRH) 产生于复合电流决定。器件开态电流随温度升高而增加,这是因为温度升高材料禁带宽度减小,隧穿几率增大。界面缺陷引起的隧穿电流的亚阈值摆幅随温度升高而变差,但是带间隧穿电流的亚阈值摆幅不随温度变化而变化。     

双极场引晶体管:Ⅲ.短沟道电化电流理论(双MOS栅纯基)

本文描述双极场引晶体管(BiFET)短沟道理论.晶体管分成两个区域,源区和漏区.每区在特定外加端电压下既可为电子或空穴发射区又可为电子或空穴收集区.把两维无缺陷Shockley方程分离为两个以表面势为参变量的一维方程,并运用源区和漏区界面处电子电流和空穴电流连续性,得到在源区和漏区内解析方程.典型BiFET包括薄纯基上两个等同金属氧化物硅(MOS)栅.用图形提供实用硅基和氧化层厚度范围内,随直流电压变化,输出和转移电流和电导总量,电子沟道与空穴沟道分量,和两区电学长度.报道前没考虑沟道缩短的偏差.     

双极场引晶体管:Ⅲ.短沟道电化电流理论(双MOS栅纯基)

本文描述双极场引晶体管(BiFET)短沟道理论.晶体管分成两个区域,源区和漏区.每区在特定外加端电压下既可为电子或空穴发射区又可为电子或空穴收集区.把两维无缺陷Shockley方程分离为两个以表面势为参变量的一维方程,并运用源区和漏区界面处电子电流和空穴电流连续性,得到在源区和漏区内解析方程.典型BiFET包括薄纯基上两个等同金属氧化物硅(MOS)栅.用图形提供实用硅基和氧化层厚度范围内,随直流电压变化,输出和转移电流和电导总量,电子沟道与空穴沟道分量,和两区电学长度.报道前没考虑沟道缩短的偏差.     

双极场引晶体管:Ⅳ.短沟道飘移扩散理论(双MOS栅纯基)

本文描述双极场引晶体管(BiFET)短沟道解析理论,用解析理论分别计算飘移扩散电流.上月文章用单项电化电流描述飘移扩散电流.正如那篇文章里,两维晶体管分成两个区域,源区和漏区.每区在特定外加端电压下既可为电子或空穴发射区又可为电子或空穴收集区.把两维无缺陷Shockley方程分离为两个以表面势为参变量的一维方程,并运用源区和漏区界面处电子电流和空穴电流连续性,得到在源区和漏区内解析方程.典型BiFET包括薄纯基上两个等同金属氧化物硅(MOS)栅.用图形提供实用硅基和氧化层厚度范围内,随直流电压变化,输出和转移电流和电导总量,电子沟道与空穴沟道飘移扩散分量,和两区电学长度.描述两区短沟道理论相对一区长沟道理论偏差.     

Anomalous Gate-Edge Leakage Induced by High Tensile Stress in NMOSFET

Anomalously high gate tunneling current, induced by high-tensile-stress memorization technique, is reported in this letter. Carrier-separation measurement method shows that the increased gate tunneling current is originated from the higher gate-to-source/drain (S/D) tunneling current, which worsens when channel length is getting shorter. Also, the device with enhanced tensile strain exhibits 9% higher gate-to-S/D overlapping capacitance. These data indicate that the anomalously high gate tunneling current could be attributed to the high tensile strain that induces the effects of excessive lightly doped dopant diffusion and higher gate-edge damage. The proposed inference is confirmed by channel hot-electron stress.      

具有应变沟道及EOT 1.2nm高性能栅长22nm CMOS器件

深入研究了亚30nm CMOS关键工艺技术，特别是提出了一种新的低成本的提高空穴迁移率的技术--Ge预非晶化S/D延伸区诱生沟道应变技术，它使栅长90nm pMOS空穴有效迁移率在0.6MV/cm电场下提高32%. 而且空穴有效迁移率的改善，随器件特征尺寸缩小而增强. 利用零阶劳厄线衍射的大角度会聚束电子衍射分析表明，在沟道区相应的压应变为-3.6%. 在集成技术优化的基础上，研制成功了高性能栅长22nm应变沟道CMOS器件及栅长27nm CMOS 32分频器电路（其中分别嵌入了57级/201级环形振荡器）, EOT为1.2nm,具有Ni自对准硅化物.     

Analysis of DC and analog/RF performance on Cyl-GAA-TFET using distinct device geometry

In this paper, analysis of DC and analog/RF performance on cylindrical gate-all-around tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) has been made using distinct device geometry. Firstly, performance parameters of GAA-TFET are analyzed in terms of drain current, gate capacitances, transconductance, source-drain conductance at different radii and channel length. Furthermore, we also produce the geometrical analysis towards the optimized investigation of radio frequency parameters like cut-off frequency, maximum oscillation frequency and gain bandwidth product using a 3D technology computer-aided design ATLAS. Due to band-to-band tunneling based current mechanism unlike MOSFET, gate-bias dependence values as primary parameters of TFET differ. We also analyze that the maximum current occurs when radii of Si is around 8 nm due to high gate controllability over channel with reduced fringing effects and also there is no change in the current of TFET on varying its length from 100 to 40 nm. However current starts to increase when channel length is further reduced for 40 to 30 nm. Both of these trades-offs affect the RF performance of the device.     

2D analytical calculation of the electric field in lightly doped Schottky barrier double-gate MOSFETs and estimation of the tunneling/thermionic current

In this paper we present a new approach to calculate the channel electric field within a Schottky barrier Double-Gate MOSFET (SB-DG-MOSFET) in subthreshold region by solving Poissons equation. The Poisson equation is solved two dimensionally in an analytical closed-form with the conformal mapping technique. A comparison with data simulated by TCAD Sentaurus simulator for channel lengths down to 22 nm was made and shows an accurate agreement. Futhermore, a new way for the estimation of the tunneling current in SB-DG-MOSFET by applying the above 2D solution for the electric field and a 2D solution of the electrostatic potential is presented. Calculating the tunneling current, we use Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation for the estimation of the tunneling probability. For the calculation of the tunneling and thermionic current a comparison with TCAD Sentaurus for channel lengths down to 65 nm was made.     

Low-Cost and Highly Manufacturable Strained-Si Channel Technique for Strong Hole Mobility Enhancement on 35-nm Gate Length pMOSFETs

Local strained-silicon channel pMOSFETs with minimum gate length down to 22 nm have been fabricated by integrating Ge preamorphization implantation (PAI) for source/drain (S/D) extension, which induces a uniaxial compressive stress in the channel to attain an enhanced pMOSFET performance without additional masks. A 43 % improvement of hole effective mobility has been obtained for 35-nm gate length pMOSFETs with an optimized Ge PAI condition for S/D extension at 1.1-MV cm vertical effective field, and the hole mobility improvement is nearly maintained at higher vertical field. The corresponding enhancement of a saturated drive current is 25 % at 1.3-MV ldr cm vertical field. The scaling strengthens the enhancement of the hole mobility remarkably. No negative effect on electron effective mobility is observed. An analysis by using a zero-order Laue zone diffraction on large angle convergent beam electron diffraction patterns in a transmission electron microscopy confirms that the significant residual compressive strain up to -3.0 % in the channel region is induced for 60-nm gate length strained channel pMOSFETs with the same optimized Ge PAI condition as that of 35-nm gate length pMOSFETs. The depth profiles of the residual compressive strain and shear strain in the channel region are given, respectively. The possible mechanisms are discussed.     

n-MOSFET With Silicon–Carbon Source/Drain for Enhancement of Carrier Transport

A novel strained-silicon (Si) n-MOSFET with 50-nm gate length is reported. The strained n-MOSFET features silicon-carbon (Si_1-yC_y) source and drain (S/D) regions formed by a Si recess etch and a selective epitaxy of Si_1-yC_y in the S/D regions. The carbon mole fraction incorporated is 0.013. Lattice mismatch of ~0.56% between Si _0.987C_0.013 and Si results in lateral tensile strain and vertical compressive strain in the Si channel region, both contributing to substantial electron-mobility enhancement. The conduction-band offset DeltaE_c between the Si_0.987 C_0.013 source and the strained Si channel could also contribute to an increased electron injection velocity nu_inj from the source. Implementation of the Si_0.987 C_0.013 S/D regions for n-MOSFET provides significant drive current I_Dsat enhancement of up to 50% at a gate length of 50 nm     

Analytical Modeling of Source-to-Drain Tunneling in Nanoscale Silicon MOSFET

Sub-10-nm bulk n-MOSFET(metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor) direct source-todrain tunneling current density using Wentzel-Krammers-Brillouin(WKB) transmission tunneling theory has been simulated.The dependence of the source-to-drain tunneling current on channel length and barrier height is examined.Inversion layer quantization,band-gap narrowing,and drain induced barrier lowering effects have been included in the model.It has been observed that the leakage current density increases severely below 4 nm channel lengths,thus putting a limit to the scaling down of the MOSFETs.The results match closely with the numerical results already reported in literatures.     

Is gate line edge roughness a first-order issue in affecting the performance of deep sub-micro bulk MOSFET devices?

An experimental study of the effects of gate line edge roughness (LER) on the electrical characteristics of bulk MOSFET devices was performed. Device simulation had previously predicted that gate LER causes off-state current to increase. In our experiments, gate LER was deliberately introduced in devices with 40 nm or longer physical gate length, and we found about 3X I/sub OFF/ increase (for 40 nm gate length) in the I/sub OFF/-I/sub ON/ plot. In our devices, Source/Drain (S/D) extensions are produced by implants self-aligned to gate edges. Simulation results indicate that what really matters is the roughness induced of the S/D to channel junctions by gate LER. Implantation scattering and dopant diffusion cause the S/D to channel junctions to be smoother than the gate edges. This will partially reduce the differences in the I/sub OFF/-I/sub ON/ curves caused by differing amounts of gate LER. By optimizing our process flows, we obtained a minimized gate LER (EdgeRMS<2 nm). We believe that the consequence of this minimized LER is secondary to the impact of other process variations across wafer for devices with 40 nm or longer gate length.     

纳米级应变硅MOSFET的有限元与TCAD模拟研究

基于有限元方法对一款具有SiGe源/漏结构的纳米PMOSEFT进行了建模与分析,沟道应变的计算结果与CBED实验测量值呈现良好的一致性,最小误差仅为1.02×10-4.对新型的SiC源/漏结构的纳米NMOSFET的类似研究表明,栅长越短,应变对沟道的影响越显著.另一方面,采用TCAD工具Sentaurus通过工艺级仿真...