喷射环流反应器传质性能及应用研究

喷射环流反应器结合了喷射与环流的技术优势,具有传质效率高、水力停留时间短、容积负荷高、抗冲击负荷能力强等特点。对课题组自主研制开发的喷射环流生物反应器的传质性能试验结果表明,反应器中氧转移速率为传统曝气法氧转移速率的8～10倍。处理大庆东城区生活污水的试验结果表明,水力停留时间为0．5～1h,系统处理出水可达标排放。同时在好氧条件下,具有良好的脱氮除磷效果。     

基于A/O-MBR工艺的黑水处理试验研究

针对A/O工艺（厌氧好氧工艺）处理黑水结果不达标的问题,将A/O工艺与MBR工艺（膜生物反应器）进行组合,形成了A/O-MBR工艺（厌氧好氧-膜生物反应器组合工艺）,为了明确A/O-MBR工艺对黑水中主要污染物的去除效果以及运行时的控制模式,搭建了全尺寸试验系统并进行了黑水处理试验。结果表明：在间歇曝气以及间歇回流的运行模式下,A/O-MBR工艺对黑水中的COD、NH3-N、TN去除率都达到了90%以上,对悬浮物以及粪大肠菌群的去除率都达到了99%以上,都达到了一级A标准;但出水TP的去除率为76%,仍需辅以化学处理。间歇曝气以及间歇回流的A/O-MBR工艺可以有效提高黑水中污染物的去除率,适合用于处理黑水。     

MBR-BAF系统处理辽河油田采油污水的研究

采用膜生物反应器(MBR)-曝气生物滤池(BAF)工艺处理辽河油田的采油污水,试验验证,这种处理方法可有效去除采油污水中污染物质,油、BOD5、氨氮去除率能够达到90%左右;膜生物反应器中COD容积负荷达到1.97kg/(m3·d)时,MBR-BAF系统COD平均去除率仍保持在70%以上,并具有出水清澈透明、无异味、不需投加化学药剂、不产生二次污染等优点.     

浅谈曝气生物滤池的原理及影响因素

最近几年,国外发展的曝气生物滤池是一项好氧生物处理的新型的工艺技术。新型的工艺处理技术与传统的活性污泥的处理方法相比较,曝气生物滤池具有处理效果好、工艺流程简单、受气温度比较小、处理能力强等优点。曝气生物滤池是水处理过程中的一个重要单元,本文对曝气生物滤池的原理及影响运行因素进行了分析。     

基于跨膜压差变化特征的膜生物反应器曝气条件的优化

采用膜生物反应器对石化废水进行处理,在300L/h,150L/h及75L/h三个曝气量下,研究跨膜压差及单周期跨膜压差变化率(K)的变化特征.试验结果表明:跨膜压差呈指数型曲线变化,跨膜压差与运行时间的关系式为:ΔP=Aebt.不同曝气量下,单周期跨膜压差变化率K的变化范围为0~2.5Pa/s,曝气量的改变并不能改变K值增大的趋势.但是,曝气量对K值变化特征有影响,在提高曝气量的条件下,K上升的速率较缓.可依据单周期跨膜压差变化率K的变化趋势,对膜生物反应器的曝气进行过程控制,并同步减缓膜污染的进程.     

污水处理中氧的应用

本文是1980年林德公司第四届空分设备学术讨论会论文。介绍了林德公司采用工业氧处理污水的LINDOX系统的流程、用途、优点及供氧方法,并作了氧气曝气与空气曝气的能耗对比,最后介绍了一个正在建造的设计容量为60万人口当量的污水处理装置。图3,表2。     

好氧硝化反应的试验研究

采用好氧硝化反应器为已经挂膜成功的MBBR填料的膜泥耦合反应器来探究垃圾渗滤液的硝化效果。该试验主要探究不同DO和HRT等工况条件下对反应器的影响。试验得到在DO浓度为3 mg/L和HRT为18 h,反应器内填料混流充分,取得了NH_4~+-N和COD_(Cr)最佳的去除效果和硝态氮累积量。     

太阳能膜生物反应器

本实用新型是提供一种太阳能膜生物反应器，它利用太阳能直接进行热机转换，在不用电动机、不用鼓风机、不用水泵的情况下，完成膜生物反应器的溶氧曝气和膜反渗透加压工序的工作过程．     

膜生物反应器处理冲厕海水的试验研究

主要研究了膜生物反应器对冲厕海水中主要污染物的处理效果以及盐度对生物反应器内微生物群落和活性污泥特性的影响.结果表明,微生物经培养驯化后能适应不同的海水盐度,膜生物反应器对冲厕海水中的COD和氨氮的去除率分别达到86%和93%.随着盐度的提高,污泥沉降性能变差.盐度的冲击对膜生物反应器处理效果有一定影响,系统需要较为恒定的盐度条件.     

自制粉煤灰陶粒填料处理城市污水

利用粉煤灰、黏土、脱水污泥和碳酸钙等原料制备粉煤灰陶粒。通过正交试验确定原料的最优配比,并对自制陶粒进行了性能表征,进一步利用自制曝气生物滤池装置,通过改变运行参数,测试了自制陶粒用作曝气生物滤池填料处理城市污水的效果。结果表明:自制陶粒填料各项性能都符合相关标准;化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)去除率随着水力停留时间(HRT)的增加而增加,当HRT为4h时,总磷(TP)去除率达到最大;低温不利于TN、TP的去除,温度对COD去除率影响不大;当进水中的TN含量为30mg/L时,TN去除率最大。TP去除率随着进水中的TP含量的增加而增加,进水浓度对COD去除率影响不大。     

Fault detection using dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm and discriminant analysis for swine wastewater treatment

This paper proposes a diagnosis system using dynamic time warping (DTW) and discriminant analysis with oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) values for swine wastewater treatment. A full-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR), which has an effective volume of 20 m(3), was auto-controlled, and the reaction phase was performed by a sub-cycle operation consisting of a repeated short cycle of the anoxic-aerobic step. Using ORP and DO profiles, SBR status was divided into four categories of normal and abnormal cases; these were influent disturbance, aeration controller fault, instrument trouble and inadequate raw wastewater feeding. Through the DTW process, difference values (D) were determined and classified into seven cases. In spite of the misclassification of high loading rates, the ORP profile provided good diagnosis results. However, the DO profiles detected five misclassifications that indicated different statuses. After the DTW process, several statistical values, including maximum value, minimum value, average value, standard deviation value and three quartile values, were extracted and applied to establish the discriminant function. The discriminant analysis allows one to classify seven cases with a percentage of 100% and 92.7% for ORP and DO profiles, respectively. Consequently, the study showed that ORP profiles are more efficient than DO profiles as diagnosis parameters and DTW diagnosis algorithms and discriminants.     

Removal of styrene vapor from waste gases by a trickle-bed air biofilter

The trickle-bed air biofilter (TBAB) performance for the removal of high-strength styrene was evaluated under different gas flow rates and influent concentrations. Under pseudo-steady-state conditions, the elimination capacity increased but the removal efficiency decreased with the increase of styrene loading. More than 90 and 80% removal efficiencies were achieved for influent styrene loadings below 32 and 55g/m(3)/h, respectively. The TBAB appears to be an effective treatment process for controlling high-strength styrene emission under low-to-medium loading conditions, and the effectiveness could be maintained over 140 days of laboratory operation.     

无泡式中空纤维膜发酵供氧的初步研究

用疏水性微孔中空纤维膜制成的供氧器，向水溶液或发酵液供氧时，无气泡产生，这种无泡式供氧方式突破了传统的泡式供氧模式，具有传氧效率高，无泡沫产生，抗染菌性好和动力消耗低等特点。用无泡膜式供氧进行了面负酵母菌的发酵试验，产品发酵得率比摇床供氧和自然供氧高一个数量级。理论分析和实验结果显示，无泡式中空纤维膜供氧在发酵、大规模细胞组织培养和生物水处理中有着良好的发展前景。     

Biological nitrogen and phenol removal from saline industrial wastewater by submerged fixed-film reactor

In this study a biological nitrogen removal process using a submerged fixed-film reactor was applied to treat industrial wastewater with phenol (1g/l), a high nitrogen concentration (0.4 g N/l) and high salinity (30 g/l). The process consisted of a pre-denitrification system with a down-flow-up-flow biofilter (two columns, each with an effective volume of 21 l) packed with clayey schists from recycled construction material. The efficiency of the system for reducing COD, phenol concentration and total nitrogen was tested under different running conditions such as influent flow (10, 12 and 15 l/d), air loading (6.8 and 13.6m(3)/m(2)h) and effluent recirculation (300%, 400%, and 600%). The system demonstrated a high capacity for reducing COD concentration (95.75+/-0.72%), independently of running conditions. The aerobic column eliminated most of the phenol in the influent. Nitrogen removal took place mainly in the anoxic column, and was conditioned by the air loading in the aerated column, owing to the dependence of nitrification on the supply of oxygen. However, this process was not able to achieve a nitrogen oxidation superior to 63%, in spite of a sufficient supply of oxygen and the diluting effect of high recirculation (600%) on the phenol concentration in the influent. In spite of the limitations observed in the process of nitrification, results for the removal of total nitrogen were as high as 83%, owing to a combination of different processes for nitrogen removal.     

Rapid Elimination of Black Odor in Rivers by Oxygen Aeration

Laboratory research and engineering applications demonstrated that oxygen aeration can rapidly increase the level of dissolved oxygen in the water of severely polluted rivers.This method was capable of eliminating the odorous substances from black odorous water and reducing the color shade of water,but could not remove the NH3-N,COD,TP or other common pollutants.Therefore,oxygen aeration can be implemented to rapidly eliminate black odorous from rivers,lakes and reservoirs,but cannot be used as a permanent method for treating pollution of rivers.     

Analysis of hot water pipeline system leakage

An analysis of the catastrophic corrosion of the hot water pipeline system was made. The cause was oxygen, dissolved in water due to the malfunctioning of the degassing device in the water preparation phase. Because of differential aeration, cathodic and anodic areas formed underneath the oxide deposit on the bottom side of the pipeline. The consequence of the thus activated pitting corrosion was pipeline perforation. It is imperative to regularly test the water for dissolved oxygen and monitor its pH value.     

Pressure effect on the release of supercooled water with dissolved air

It is proposed that vapor has been elucidated to having relation to the release of supercooled water.In this study, considering that the vapor has a relation to dissolved air, a supercooling experiment is performed to test tubes of pure water with three patterns of initial dissolved oxygen (DO_i = 4.1, 7.5, and 12.6 mg L⁻¹), i.e. dissolved air. The initial DO in each test tube is kept to the value as constant as possible during supercooling. And the pressure effect on supercooling release of pure water is observed by measuring supercooling degree and by visualizing bubbles enclosed to the ice after full crystallization of the pure water.From this study, it appeared that the factors such as cooling rate, initial DO and pressure of pure water are related to the release of supercooling (supercooling degree and supercooling time). Moreover, the initial DO was confirmed to the confined bubble in fully frozen ice of pure water.     

纯钛滤芯外观质量问题解析

采用扫描电镜对产生外观质量问题的纯钛滤芯表面进行了形貌观察和能谱分析，并采用ICP分析方法对其原材料海绵钛及过程产品钛粉的化学成分进行了检测，综合分析各项试验测试结果，表明导致该质量问题的原因是纯钛滤芯在加工过程中受到了污染，非原材料原因。     

生物活性炭纤维的制备及其水处理

用活性炭纤维（ACF）代替传统生物活性炭法（BAC）中的颗粒活性炭（GAC），探索生物活性炭纤维（BACF）的水处理技术。首先考察了活性炭纤维的自然挂膜性能，肯定了ACF的可挂膜性。而后采用两种人工挂膜：活性污泥上清液（sL）挂膜和菌液（ML）挂膜，得到两种BACF：SL-BACF和ML-BACF。用扫描电镜研究微生物在ACF上生长情况，并采用形成的BACF处理微污染原水。结果表明：BACF去除有机污染物效果好，明显优于BAC技术。出水高锰酸盐法化学需氧量（CODMn）指标符合国家饮用水标准，水质稳定。比较两种人工挂膜形成的BACF，发现ML-BACF中的微生物量少于SL-BACF，但出水效果和处理量则优于SL-BACF。