Si对Ni基非晶合金玻璃形成能力及热稳定性的影响

研究Si对NiCuTiZrAl非晶合金的玻璃形成能力及热稳定性的影响。利用铜模铸造制备NiCuTiZrAlSi非晶合金,3.5%Si的添加显著改善非晶合金的玻璃形成能力。在DSC、DTA、XRD及TEM分析的基础上,利用SEM(EDS)技术对类金属Si提高非晶合金的玻璃形成能力及热稳定性进行深入分析。适量元素Si添加不仅可以延缓熔体中初生相Ni(TiZr)和(TiZr)(CuAl)2形成,而且可抑制元素O的有害作用,这为类金属提高非晶合金的玻璃形成能力提供有效证据。利用Kissinger方程进行不同含Si量的NiCuTiZrAl非晶合金晶化动力学研究表明,放热峰Tp处晶化激活能随着Si量增加而增大。     

微量Mn元素对La62Al14Cu24块体非晶合金形成能力的影响

应用铜模吸铸法制备出一系列的La62Al14-xMnxCu24（x=1.0,1.4,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0）四元合金。通过Mn对Al的部分替代,研究了Mn元素微量替代对La62Al14Cu24三元块体非晶合金的玻璃形成能力和热力学稳定性的影响。实验结果表明,La-Al-Mn-Cu四元合金可以制备出直径达6 mm的完全非晶棒,说明了Mn对Al的部分替代能明显地增强La62Al14Cu24合金的玻璃形成能力。     

Gd含量对Cu50Zr42Al8非晶形成能力及热稳定性的影响

利用铜模铸造法成功制备了锥形Cu50-xZr42Al8Gdx(x=0、1、2、3、4、5)块体非晶合金,采用XRD、DSC研究了Gd的添加对该合金体系非晶形成能力(GFA)和热稳定性的影响.结果表明,x=2,4时的合金非晶形成能力最大,非晶合金的临界尺寸为6～7 mm,这也说明适量Gd的添加可以促进非晶的形成能力.加入稀土元素2%Gd后,非晶合金具有最好的热稳定性(ATx=69K),但随着Gd含量的增加,过冷液相区△Tx逐渐减小.本实验中,约化玻璃转变温度Trg和参数γ不是十分的吻合,而具有相对小的△Tx值的合金却有着相对大的非晶形成能力,这意味着非晶合金的非晶形成能力与其热稳定性没有必然的联系.     

Ni/Co比例及微量Dy对FeCoNiBSiNb块体非晶合金玻璃形成能力和磁性能的影响

采用水冷铜模吸铸工艺制备了一系列的(Fe0.5Co1-xNix)72B19.2Si4.8Nb4(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2,0.25,0.3,0.4)块体非晶合金.并采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差热分析仪(DTA)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)测试了块体非晶合金的结构、热稳定性和软磁性能.探讨了不同Ni/Co比例及添加稀土元素Dy对FeCoNiBSiNb系合金玻璃形成能力(GFA)、热稳定性及磁性能的影响.结果表明:当x=0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2时可制备出直径2mm的非品合金棒,但不能获得3mm非晶合金棒,x=0.25,0.3,0.4均不能获得直径2mm的非晶合金棒,且随Ni/Co比例的增大,即随Ni含量的增加,热稳定性先增加,后逐渐减小,过冷液相区△Tx逐渐减小,非晶合金的玻璃形成能力呈下降趋势,非晶合金的饱和磁化强度(Ms)下降.添加1 at%Dy后,提高了合金的非晶形成能力,可制备出直径3mm的[(Fe0.5Co0.4Ni0.1)72B19.2Si4.8Nb4]99Dy1非晶合金棒,但合金的Ms下降.     

新型高强韧性Al—LaY—Ni（Fe）非晶合金的研究

利用真空单辊旋淬法制备了一系列Al-La—Y—Ni(Fe)四元合金的快速凝固条带,研究了它们形成非晶的能力、条带的力学性能以及拉伸断口形貌结果表明:当合金成分为85—90at-%Al(La+Y)<10at-%时,能获得既具有高强度、高韧性又具有较好热稳定性的Al基非晶合金。其最高拉伸断裂强度和显微硬度分别为760MPa和294DPN,且弯折180°不断,Al与La—Y间的强相互作用及合金的低熔点(T_m)是促使Al-La—Y—Ni(Fe)合金形成非晶相的主要因素     

Cu48Zr45Al7块体非晶合金的晶化行为及热力学性能研究

采用水冷铜模吸铸工艺制备出了片状Cu48Zr45Al7,块体非晶合金.X射线衍射(XRD)表明,样品为完全非晶.利用差示扫描量热分析仪(DSC)在不同的升温速率下连续加热测得该片状非晶合金的热稳定性参数值,均随着升温速率的增加而增加,表明其玻璃转变和晶化行为均存在显著的动力学效应.运用Kissinger法计算出其玻璃转变温度激活能(Eg)、晶化温度激活能(Ex)和峰值温度激活能(Ep)分别为424.7 kJ·mol-1,326.3 kJ·mol-1和297.1kJ·mol-1.从热力学模型角度出发,对该合金的非晶形成能力进行了分析,计算出其混合焓ΔHchem=-25.55 kJ.mol-1和归一化错配熵So/kB=0.78.结果表明,该块体非晶合金具有较强的非晶形成能力(AFA)NI良好的热稳定性.     

元素Tb对(Fe,Co)-B-Si-Nb块体非晶形成及磁性能的影响

用铜模吸铸工艺制备了[(Fe0.5Co0.5)0.72B0.192Si0.048 Nb0.04]100-xTbx和[(FeyCo1-y)0.72B0.192Si0.048Nb0.04]98Tb2块体非晶合金,并用XRD、DSC、振动样品磁强计(VSM)测试和分析了微量稀土元素Tb和不同Fe与Co比例对(Fe,Co)-B-Si-Nh体系玻璃形成能力、热稳定性及软磁性能的影响.试验表明,添加2 at%的Tb,提高了合金的非晶热稳定性和形成能力,制得的非晶合金棒的直径从φ2mm增加到φ3 mm,但饱和磁化强度下降;[(FeyCo1-y)0.72B0.192Si0.048Nb0.04]98Tb2合金随Fe与co比例从5:5增加至7:3时,合金的非晶形成能力呈下降趋势,但均能形成直径为φ2 mm的非晶棒,而其热稳定性和饱和磁化强度随铁含量的增大而提高.     

Cu48Zr4l7块体非晶合金的晶化行为及热力学性能研究

采用水冷铜模吸铸工艺制备出了片状Cu48Zr45Al7,块体非晶合金.X射线衍射(XRD)表明,样品为完全非晶.利用差示扫描量热分析仪(DSC)在不同的升温速率下连续加热测得该片状非晶合金的热稳定性参数值,均随着升温速率的增加而增加,表明其玻璃转变和晶化行为均存在显著的动力学效应.运用Kissinger法计算出其玻璃转变温度激活能(Eg)、晶化温度激活能(Ex)和峰值温度激活能(Ep)分别为424.7 kJ·mol-1,326.3 kJ·mol-1和297.1kJ·mol-1.从热力学模型角度出发,对该合金的非晶形成能力进行了分析,计算出其混合焓ΔHchem=-25.55 kJ.mol-1和归一化错配熵So/kB=0.78.结果表明,该块体非晶合金具有较强的非晶形成能力(AFA)NI良好的热稳定性.     

铁基软磁块体非晶合金玻璃形成能力的研究进展

本文首先介绍了当前铁基软磁块体非晶合金的主要研究体系,并重点讲述了合金元素对合金的热稳定性参数如晶化温度Tx、玻璃转变温度Tg及过冷液相区△Tx的影响.铁基非晶合金的玻璃形成能力与△Tx有密切关系并强烈依赖于合金成分.进而总结了合金元素对铁基软磁块体非晶合金的玻璃形成能力影响的一般规律.     

Y对Cu基非晶合金形成能力和腐蚀行为的影响

采用铜模吸铸法制备出成分为(Cu50Zr45Al5)100-xYx(x=0,1,2,3,4,5)的合金试样。利用X射线衍射,金相显微镜,差热分析和电化学极化曲线的方法研究了Y对Cu-Zr-Al系非晶合金的结构、玻璃形成能力和腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,适量Y的添加提高了非晶合金的玻璃形成能力和热稳定性,当Y含量为2%时合金的过冷液相区宽度为ΔTx=Tx-Tg=64K,约化玻璃转变温度Trg=Tg/T1=0.601,玻璃形成能力γ=Tx/(Tg+T1)=0.409(Tg,Tx,T1分别为非晶合金的玻璃转变温度,晶化开始温度和熔化温度)。非晶合金在3.5%的NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性随Y含量的增加而降低。     

NiAl－Fe金属间化合物合金的正电子寿命谱

测量了塑性金属间化合物合金Ｎｉ（５０）Ａｌ（３０）Ｆｅ（２０），Ｎｉ（５０）Ａｌ（２０）Ｆｅ（３０）和Ｎｉ（６０）Ａｌ（２０）Ｆｅ（２０）单晶和多晶的正电子寿命谱．基于正电子寿命谱的特征参数引入了正电子双区域捕获模型，并讨论了这些合金微观结构与力学性能之间的关系．     

Influence of metal ions on the formation of artificial zinc rusts

The artificial rust particles were prepared from ZnCl₂ solutions dissolving Al(III), Fe(III), Fe(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Mg(II) at different atomic ratios from 0 to 0.3 in metal/Zn. With increasing metal/Zn the crystal phases of the products turned following as ZnO → a mixture of ZnO and Zn₅(OH)₈Cl₂ · H₂O (ZHC) → ZHC. Al(III) most facilitated the formation of ZHC but Mg(II) and Fe(III) produced no ZHC. The morphology of the formed particles varied following as agglomerate → fine → rod → sheet → irregular with the increase of metal/Zn. The sheet and irregularly shaped particles were identified as ZHC and the other particles as ZnO.     

NiAl—Fe金属间化合物合金的正电子寿命谱

测量了塑性金属间化合物合金Ｎｉ５０Ａｌ３０Ｆｅ２０，Ｎｉ５０Ａｌ２０Ｆｅ３０，Ｎｉ６０Ａｌ２０Ｆｅ２０单晶和多晶的正电子寿命谱。基于正电子寿命谱的特征参数引入了正电子双区域捕获模型，并讨论了这些合金微观结构与力学性能之间的关系。     

Effect of dislocation density on the low temperature aging behavior of an ultra low carbon bake hardening steel

Strain aging was studied in an ultra low carbon (ULC) steel with a total carbon content of 20 ppm (wt.%) in order to identify the process stages and mechanism of bake hardening in this type of steel. The effects of dislocation density, varied by means of uniaxial tensile prestraining (1–10%) on the aging kinetics were investigated within an aging temperature range of 50–170°C. The aging was evaluated by means of strength measurements and the determination of interstitial carbon content after aging using a piezoelectric composite oscillator operating at 40 kHz. The interaction between interstitial carbon and dislocations was examined through amplitude dependent internal friction measurements. The influence of dislocation density on the aging behavior have been discussed with reference to the kinetics and mechanism of the aging process.     

Effect of solution heat treatment on galvanic coupling between intermetallics and matrix in AA7075-T6

Susceptibility to localised corrosion is strongly affected by heat treatments performed on Al-Zn-Cu-Mg alloys. In order to study how galvanic coupling between intermetallics and matrix is affected by solution heat treatment, AA7075-T6 and solution heat treated AA7075 have been characterised by means of scanning electron microscopy and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy. Solution heat treatment strongly increased the Volta potential difference between the intermetallics and the surrounding matrix showing a strong increase in galvanic coupling. This is explained by Zn and Mg enrichment of the matrix caused by dissolution of strengthening particles during solution heat treatment.     

Characterizing corrosion behavior under atmospheric conditions using electrochemical techniques

AC and DC electrochemical experiments were performed as a function of humidity and contaminant concentration in an effort to identify the range of atmospheric environments where corrosion processes could be detected and possibly quantified. AC measurements exhibited two time constants at 25% relative humidity (RH), possibly indicating the ability to resolve both electrolyte resistance and interfacial impedance. Galvanic current measurements were sensitive to the presence of Cl_2(g) at 30% RH and electrochemical transients were detected at both 30% and 50% RH levels, also indicating sensitivity to interfacial processes. Higher humidity levels allowed better quantification due to decreasing electrolyte and interfacial impedances.     

Electrochemical behaviour of amorphous and nanoquasicrystalline Zr-Pd and Zr-Pt alloys in different environments

The corrosion behaviour of melt spun amorphous and nanoquasicrystalline Zr₇₀Pd₃₀ and Zr₈₀Pt₂₀ alloy ribbons has been investigated using potentiodynamic polarization study in NaCl, H₂SO₄ and NaOH solutions at different concentrations. The amorphous and nanoquasicrystalline alloys show better corrosion resistance than Zr in all the solutions studied. Both the alloys are susceptible to chloride attack and pitting has been observed. Complete passivation has been observed in H₂SO₄, while gradual break down of passivating layer occurs in NaOH. In general, nanoquasicrystalline state in both the alloys shows better corrosion resistance than amorphous state in all the solutions studied.     

A study on the deactivation of an IrO2–Ta2O5 coated titanium anode

The deactivation of an IrO₂–Ta₂O₅ coated titanium anode was studied during an accelerated life test at 2 A cm⁻² in 1 mol dm⁻³ H₂SO₄ solution using CV, EIS, SEM and EDX. The changes of voltammetric charge, double layer capacitance, oxide film resistance and charge transfer resistance of oxygen evolution with time during the electrolysis were monitored. The morphology and surface composition of the oxide anode before and after electrolysis test were analysed. A comprehensive process of deactivation of the oxide anode was proposed based on the test results and analysis.     

Corrosion behaviour of powder metallurgical and cast Al-Zn-Mg base alloys

The behaviour of Al-Zn-Mg base alloys produced by powder metallurgy and casting has been studied using potentiodynamic polarisation in 0.3% and 3% NaCl solutions. The influence of alloy production route on microstructure has been examined by scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry. An improvement in performance of powder metallurgy (PM) materials, compared with the cast alloy, was evident in solutions of low chloride concentration; less striking differences were revealed in high chloride concentration. Both powder metallurgy and cast alloys show two main types of precipitates, which were identified as Zn-Mg and Zr-Sc base intermetallic phases. The microstructure of the PM alloys is refined compared with the cast material, which assists understanding of the corrosion performance. The corrosion process commences with dissolution of the Zn-Mg base phases, with the relatively coarse phases present in the cast alloy showing ready development of corrosion.     

Changes in atmospheric corrosion rate caused by chloride ions depending on rain regime

Plain carbon steel and copper samples were exposed in two atmospheric test stations located in Havana, Cuba and Medellin, Colombia. Samples were submitted to accelerated outdoor test by intermittent spraying of a salt solution (SCAB test) according to ISO 11474:98.A remarkable difference in the acceleration rate of chloride ions for mild steel and copper between Cuban and Colombian stations was determined. Differences in rain amount and frequency between Havana and Medellin are noticeable. The influence of rain seems to be important in determining the acceleration rate of chloride ions on steel and copper due to its washing effect. A model for the influence of the interaction between rain characteristics and chloride deposition rate on mild steel and copper corrosion behaviour with time is proposed. Data fit very well to the proposed model. It is concluded that rain regime should be taken into account in order to determine the real acceleration rate caused by chloride ions in atmospheric conditions.