透明纳米级苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯微乳液的制备

采用自制的属于Gemini型的特殊乳化剂KD-1用于苯乙烯丙烯酸酯微乳液的聚合。研究了反应温度、乳化剂用量和单体含量对微乳液聚合的影响。结果表明,只使用质量分数为0 95%～1 60%的单一阴离子型乳化剂KD-1就可得到较高固含量(质量分数为30%～50%)的透明纳米级苯乙烯丙烯酸酯微乳液,并保持微胶乳平均粒径为40～60nm。与常规苯乙烯丙烯酸酯乳液相比,其粒径小,最低成膜温度有所降低,而玻璃化转变温度有所提高。     

透明纳米聚丙烯酸酯微胶乳的研究

为制得乳化剂含量低、固含量高的纳米级聚合物，采用自制的属于Gemini型的特殊表面活性剂KD-1进行聚丙烯酸酯微乳液的聚合研究。结果表明，只需用1．44％～2．15％（质量分数）的单一阴离子型乳化剂KD-1就可得到固含量为30％～45％（质量分数）的纳米级聚丙烯酸酯微乳液。讨论了乳化剂、固含量、反应温度等对微胶乳粒子大小的影响。提高乳化剂含量和反应温度及降低固含量有利于生成粒径小的微胶乳粒子。研究了乳液的流体力学行为以及共聚物的光学和力学性能。     

合成橡胶工业

<正>TQ331.47 201009228苯丙微乳液的聚合工艺研究[刊]/张恒,纪秀丽…(青岛科技大学)//合成材料老化与应用.-2009,38(4).-7～11用半连续种子微乳液聚合法,制备了固含量为40%的聚丙烯酸酯微乳液,研究了乳化剂种类与用量、引用剂种类与用量、反应温度、搅拌速度和单体滴加速度对丙烯酸酯类聚合体系粒径和乳液性能的影响。结果表明,制备聚丙烯酸酯微乳液的最佳聚合工艺条件为:单体采用饥饿态连续滴加,滴加时间5h;ms-1为乳化剂,质量分数为6%～8%;     

有机概念图在核壳微乳液聚合中的应用

实验以丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸、苯乙烯、可聚合型乳化剂等为原料,以种子微乳液聚合法制备了核壳型苯丙微乳液。利用有机概念图选择微乳液聚合用乳化剂,选用高效乳化剂MS-1(壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚-2-磺酸基琥珀酸单酯二钠盐)和聚合型乳化剂复配,在复配比为6:2,用量为体系的2.4%时,合成粒径为47.24 nm、吸水率8.09%的苯丙微乳液。探讨不同乳化剂配比对乳液性能和涂膜性能的影响,实验结果表明,当复合乳化剂(α角分别为72.98°和72.63°)与聚合体系(α角为72.91°)的α角(I/O值)相匹配时,得到性能较好的苯丙微乳液。     

氧化煤蜡制备车用乳液的研究

以高性能氧化煤蜡为原料制备车用乳液,针对乳化过程考察了不同配方以及工艺条件对制备车用乳液的影响。结果表明,车用乳液的最佳配方是:酸值(KOH)为27~29mg/g、皂化值(KOH)为75~80mg/g的氧化煤蜡用量4%,复合乳化剂用量5%~6%,稳定性助剂用量0.4%,上光性硅油含量50μg/g,挥发性溶剂用量1%,其余为去离子水。在搅拌速率900~1 050r/min,乳化温度85~90℃,乳化时间35~40min工艺条件下制备的O/W型车用乳液乳液平均粒径在0.1μm左右,对汽车表面涂膜影响等主要性质符合GB/T23437—2009指标要求。     

蛭石/聚丙烯酰胺复合纳米微球的制备及其性能

以白油为连续相、Span80/OP10复配乳化体系为乳化剂、质量分数为40.0%的丙烯酰胺水溶液为分散相,配制了含43%白油、24.7% Span80/OP10(质量比26:74)复配乳化剂和36.4%丙烯酰胺水溶液的反相微乳液。在反相聚合过程中引入无机核蛭石制备了具有核壳结构的蛭石/聚丙烯酰胺复合微球（PAMCMS）,并以产物中复合微球的粒径、溶胀性能及乳液稳定性为指标,考察了引发剂用量、交联剂用量、搅拌速率和反应时间对聚合反应的影响。当引发剂用量为0.09%、交联剂加量为0.025%时,在温度为40℃、搅拌速率为300 r/min的条件下反应8 h可获得粒径达680.4 nm的蛭石/聚丙烯酰胺复合微球PAMCMS。激光粒径分析仪和光学显微镜分析结果显示,所制得的PAMCMS的平均粒径为680.4 nm;在40℃恒温水浴下去离子水中溶胀10 h后的粒径达2792 nm,增大了近4倍。     

聚丙烯酸酯/醇酸树脂复合乳液的合成与表征

用乳液聚合法合成了聚丙烯酸酯/醇酸树脂复合乳液,研究了醇酸树脂组成和用量及聚合条件对动力学和复合乳液性能的影响。结果表明,醇酸树脂对乳液聚合有明显的阻聚作用,而且这种阻聚作用随醇酸树脂中马来酸酐含量的增加而加剧。升高聚合温度和增加引发剂用量均有利于改善乳液的机械稳定性。随着醇酸树脂用量的增加,复合乳液的机械稳定性和涂膜的耐水性逐渐提高;醇酸树脂中马来酸酐含量增加,乳液机械稳定性提高,当醇酸树脂中马来酸酐质量分数为2 4%时,涂膜具有最佳的耐水性。     

聚丙烯酸酯超微胶乳透光率的影响因素

通过单体两段滴加法乳液聚合和氨化剪切，制备了聚丙烯酸酯超微胶乳。采用正交试验法研究了预加单体量、丙烯酸用量、乳化剂配比及其用量等对聚丙烯酸酯超微胶乳透光率的影响。结果表明，丙烯酸用量和乳化剂用量对透光率的影响较大。通过趋势分析简要讨论了各因素的作用机理。     

聚氨酯-氟化聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液的合成

首先制备了聚氨酯(PU)种子乳液,再以甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯和丙烯酸酯为单体,通过单体滴加法和单体预乳化法两种不同的乳液聚合方法制备了聚氨酯-氟化聚丙烯酸酯(FPUA)复合乳液。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱对FPUA复合乳胶膜的表面结构进行表征,利用激光粒径仪对FPUA复合乳液的粒子形态进行分析,探讨了引发剂种类对FPUA复合乳胶膜耐水性的影响、氟含量对FPUA复合乳胶膜与水接触角的影响和在不同制备工艺条件下含氟单体对FPUA复合乳液粒径及其分布的影响。实验结果表明,含氟单体成功接入了大分子链中;与单体滴加法相比,单体预乳化法制备的FPUA复合乳液的聚合稳定性更好,粒径更小、分布更均匀;与水溶性引发剂相比,采用油溶性引发剂制得的FPUA复合乳胶膜的吸水率更低;含氟单体的引入增大了FPUA复合乳胶膜与水的接触角。对两种聚合工艺的成核机理也进行了初步探讨。     

石蜡微乳液影响因素的考察

石蜡微乳液是由58#石蜡、离子和非离子表面活性剂制备而成。影响石蜡微乳液粒径的因素有乳化剂用量、乳化温度、乳化时间、搅拌速度、pH值和助表面活性剂。实验结果表明：乳化温度在75-85℃时对石蜡微乳液的粒径影响不大;而其它因素对石蜡微乳液的粒径影响较大。制备石蜡微乳液的最佳工艺条件为：w（乳化剂）=6%,乳化温度为80℃,乳化时间为40min,pH为8,搅拌速度约600r/min,助表面活性剂为正戊醇。在此条件下,可以制备粒径为97nm、半透明的石蜡微乳液。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.