车间数字设备集成控制系统的研究

本文分析了网络制造环境下离散制造企业车间数字设备控制模式及其控制网络的拓扑结构;提出了基于EPA(Ethernet for Plant Automation)协议的车间数字设备集成控制系统的体系结构;设计了集成控制网络系统的结点结构和通信协议转换器;利用嵌入式技术实现了车间数字设备与工业以太网间信息的透明传输。     

制造设备全能Agent及其构建技术的研究

设备Agent是基于Agent的制造系统中的关键环节。该文提出了制造设备全能Agent的概念,描述了它的功能结构,研究了制造设备生产能力的科学定义和校验方法等关键技术,探讨了制造设备全能Agent在虚拟企业、设备的远程操作与监控、敏捷调度等领域的应用。该文所做的工作为进一步开展基于制造设备全能Agent的数字车间的研究奠定了基础。     

数字制造环境下的加工过程仿真验证技术研究

生产线数字制造环境是数字化工厂的核心，而加工过程的仿真与验证技术构成生产线数字系统的底层结构与制造过程数字化分析的主要内容。分析了目前加工过程在几何仿真与物理仿真方面的研究情况、研究方法与存在问题，就该项技术向生产线数字制造环境融合的关键技术，即综合设备数字样机的完整数字加工环境的建立及加工过程仿真与上层制造环境的信息集成等进行分析与研究。     

工业互联网支持下的数字孪生车间

随着信息时代的发展,数字孪生技术已成为实现智能制造的方法之一。首先说明了数字孪生的产生背景,数字孪生技术是实现信息空间和物理空间信息数据融合的重要方法、手段。接着从模型、数据、应用等不同方面,对智能车间数字孪生技术进行了探讨,同时比对了不同公司对数字孪生技术在车间应用的侧重点。通过比较智能车间相关概念,得出了数字孪生车间是一种新的车间运行模式,其关键问题是实时数据传输。工业互联网是一种将人、数据和设备等连接起来的网络技术,通过物联网等技术可以实现实时数据传输。分析了工业互联网技术的发展及工业互联网技术对实现数字孪生车间的技术支持,最后对数字孪生技术的发展进行了展望。随着数字孪生技术在车间中的运用,数字孪生车间必将成为未来智能车间的一种重要的实现方式。     

基于Web的离散型制造业设备能力管理系统研究

该文针对大连某设备制造企业离散型车间的现有设备情况,分析了整体车间在实际生产中的业务模型和功能模型,建立了B/S模式的系统框架,开发了基于Web的设备能力管理系统(ECMS),实现了对设备管理的自动化、数字化和规范化,提高了离散型企业车间的生产效率,降低了生产成本,还与其他管理系统实现了有效集成。该系统已经在大连某设备制造有限公司试运行,系统运行良好,有效解决了离散型企业车间的设备能力管理问题,并得到用户的一致好评。     

掌上数控系统人机接口研究

笔者将移动智能设备Pocket PC应用到车间数字化制造环境,提出了掌上数控系统的概念,选择了数控系统平台,定义了它的功能模块,解决了数控系统的人机接口、程序编译、程序的处理、参数设置和修改等关键问题.这种具有移动获取信息功能的数控系统的研究开发,时实现车间信息集成,支持协同制造和全球制造具有重要的意义.     

工业以太网和现场总线相融合的控制系统

为某纸业公司完成车间设计的控制系统负责半成品的传输以及成品的生产控制;系统要将现场所有生产设备有机结合起来,形成一个全自动化生产管理网络系统,达到一种类似无人车间的效果。介绍了这个控制系统的设计方案和理念,同时阐述了系统中,各网络控制层的选型原则和作用,提供了一种解决自动化控制网络与过程和管理控制系统之间的无缝集成问题的方案,验证了现场总线和工业以太网很好地相互融合性,从而展示了这种具有实用性的先进控制系统。     

装配生产车间制造执行系统的设计

制造执行系统(MES)是制造企业中面向车间层的管理系统,将企业资源管理系统与车间生产现场设备控制有机联系起来。结合MES系统设计开发实践,对装配生产线配置、物流和数据流程作了深入分析,并就装配生产车间MES系统的体系结构和功能结构等进行介绍。     

车间设备监控节点的ZigBee组网方法应用研究及低功耗策略

分析传统有线方式构建车间设备监控系统的不足,提出一种基于无线传感网络与嵌入式以太网相结合的组网方法,实现车间设备监控,并给出应用实例。以飞思卡尔32位MCF52233微控制器(内部集成以太网模块)和8位MC13213微控制器(内部集成ZigBee底层协议)为基础,给出一种车间设备监控节点的软硬件设计方案,针对电池供电监控节点,提出了ZigBee节点的低功耗策略,较详细地阐述了数据管理中心软件设计的技术要点。     

基于嵌入式Internet的工业控制

嵌入式Internet技术正在改变传统设备的功能结构。基于嵌入式Internet传感器－－IP传感器（Internet Protocol Sensor）从根本上改变了设备信息上网的方式,实现了现场设备到Internet的直接通信,这种方式必将带来控制网络新的变革。本综述了现场总线控制网络、以太网和现场总线混合控制网络,提出了基于嵌入式Internet的控制 网络模型,并从开放性、互连性、分散性的角度探讨了控制网络与Internet集成的发展趋势,分析了基于嵌入式Internet的工业控制的研究现状和发展趋势。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.