乳清蛋白在食品工业中的应用

概述了乳清蛋白的种类和基本性质,分析了其功能特性,并详细介绍了其在食品工业中的应用研究进展,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

氢氧化钙在食品工业中的应用

概述了氢氧化钙的种类与基本性质,分析了其功能特性,并详细介绍了其在食品工业中的应用进展,并对其前景进行了展望。     

洋葱的活性成分药理功效及产品开发综述

分析了洋葱中主要活性成分,并对其药理功效研究进展进行了综述,通过对其营养和药用价值的探究阐述了洋葱产品开发的必要性和实用性,同时对其开发应用前景进行了展望.     

区块链技术应用研究及未来发展趋势展望

文章首先介绍了区块链的概念,其次描绘了其在物联网中的应用,随后阐述了其与大数据的融合,并对其未来的发展及应用进行了重点研究。区块链作为当前信息技术的主要发展方向之一,已受到了社会各界的广泛关注,随着相关技术理论与制度体系的不断完善,其应用领域将得以进一步深化与扩大。     

合成高分子材料黄变的研究进展

在加工、储存和使用的过程中,高分子材料长期受到光、热等外界因素的作用时,其内部会发生各种物理和化学变化,导致其结构的变化,使其性能劣化,限制其在某些领域的应用,甚至使其完全丧失应用价值。在此过程中,高分子材料常伴随有黄变的发生。黄变是高分子材料结构发生变化的结果,不仅影响其的外观,还是其性能发生劣化的信号。本文综述了合成高分子材料的黄变研究现状,探讨了其黄变的机理,讨论了减轻聚合物黄变的可能措施。     

营销智慧

对于销售人员,身上的气场和正能量远比技巧更重要：当其声音透露出对工作的热爱,当其在介绍产品时传递出自信和自豪,当其确定其产品可以给客户带来价值时,其就具备了优秀的销售气质,这种气质带给客户的信服力已经构建了成功的前提。     

新型磁控电抗器的损耗温升分析

磁控电抗器（MCR）作为一种新型的可控电抗器,其补偿容量可以连续调节,从而实现无功的就地平衡、降低网损。但是损耗和温升限制了其优势的发挥。文章对其损耗和温升进行了全面分析,为其结构优化提供了思路和方法。     

中国量贩服装品牌特许加盟现状分析

自上世纪九十年代以来,中国的量贩服装品牌取得了蓬勃发展,其成功原因之一是采用了特许加盟的经营方式。本文根据目前量贩服装企业加盟的实际情况,分析了其成败原因,并确定其推行条件。     

绿茶提取物的研究开发现状

该文介绍了绿茶提取物的研究现状,并对其所含成分、以及提取方法进行了简单阐述,同时,综述了其主要生理活性、应用情况和安全性评价,对其发展前景进行了展望。     

蓖麻油深加工产物——尼龙11的合成及应用

尼龙11是一种综合性能良好的工程塑料。综述了尼龙11的国内外研究概况,介绍了其以蓖麻油为原料的生产工艺,并概述了其在汽车、电子电器、军工等领域的应用,且对其发展前景进行了展望。     

细纱机改造与专件、器材的应用

为解决老一代细纱机改造后出现棉纱、织物质量问题,分析了细纱机改造及对不同纺纱原理器材、专件的选择,从节约能源和针对不同纺纱品种与质量要求方面重点论述了如何选用不同纺纱器材、专件进行改造;说明对其牵伸系统、卷绕系统的改造不仅可以提高棉纱质量、织物质量,而且可以大大降低纺纱能耗。指出不同的棉纱品种、质量要求对细纱机改造的纺纱器材、专件要求也不同,纺纱系统和器材、专件改造后对纺纱效率、制造成本、效益、效果、棉纱质量指标的影响;用事实证明改造老一代细纱机的纺纱元件、器材、专件,对棉纱质量的稳定、织物质量的提高起关键作用。     

赛络纺纱钢领、钢丝圈的选配实践

为了提高赛络纺纱成纱质量,减少细纱断头,从钢领、钢丝圈的种类,卷绕过程中对纺纱的影响及其运动配合等诸多因素出发,论述了钢领、钢丝圈的选配原则,重点阐述了赛络纺纱钢丝圈运动形态的变化及钢领、钢丝圈的选配要求,通过纯棉、非棉纤维纺纱的选配实践,指出赛络纺纱线毛羽少,结构紧密,应根据纺纱纤维性能和纺纱特点,以纱线通道通畅降毛羽、运行平稳少断头、散热良好延长使用寿命为原则对钢领、钢丝圈进行选配。     

三甲胺和二甲胺表征冷鲜羊肉新鲜度

三甲胺和二甲胺是冷鲜肉腐败过程中产生的典型挥发性胺,具有腐败气味,是致癌物亚硝胺的前体物质,具备表征新鲜度的潜力。为探究羊肉贮藏过程中三甲胺、二甲胺含量与新鲜度指标的变化规律,明确三甲胺或二甲胺作为潜在指标表征冷鲜羊肉新鲜度的可行性,以羊背最长肌为研究对象,研究（0.0±0.5） ℃贮藏条件下冷鲜羊肉包装及肉中三甲胺和二甲胺含量与色泽、菌落总数、总挥发性盐基氮（total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N）含量、硫代巴比妥酸反应物（thiobarbituric acid reactive substance,TBARs）值等新鲜度相关指标之间的相关性。结果表明：冷鲜羊肉贮藏期间色泽、菌落总数、TVB-N含量等新鲜度指标呈现上升趋势,肉新鲜度逐渐下降,在（0.0±0.5） ℃空气密封包装条件下,冷鲜羊肉货架期长达17 d;肉中及包装中三甲胺含量均与菌落总数、TVB-N含量、TBARs值呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）,相关系数分别为0.86、0.75、0.74和0.92、0.96、0.95;肉中及包装中二甲胺含量与菌落总数、TVB-N含量、TBARs值相关性稍差,相关系数分别为－0.85、－0.58、－0.60和0.90、0.74、0.65。上述结果表明,三甲胺和二甲胺均具备表征冷鲜羊肉新鲜度的潜力,而与包装中二甲胺含量相比,包装中三甲胺含量与菌落总数、TVB-N含量、TBARs值的相关系数相对较高,确证了三甲胺可以作为冷鲜羊肉在该条件下的标志性气体物质,具备表征冷鲜羊肉新鲜度的能力。     

Location of and post‐mortem changes in some cytoskeletal proteins in pork and cod muscle

The cytoskeletal proteins actin, nebulin, spectrin, desmin, vinculin and talin were labelled immunohistochemically in sections of muscle from commercially available pigs and cod (Gadus morhua) taken pre‐rigor and from samples stored for several days. Actin, nebulin and spectrin gave similar labelling patterns in both pork and cod muscle which remained the same in stored samples. Desmin was intensely labelled at the cell boundaries and within the body of the cells in both pork and cod in the initial and the stored samples. Vinculin was readily labelled in pork muscle but showed only diffuse labelling in fish. Labelling for talin in pork muscle was intense at the sarcolemma but was not present in samples stored for 4 days. In contrast, the label for talin was concentrated at the myotendinous junction of the cod muscle throughout the storage period. These are the first reports of the detection and location of spectrin and vinculin in fish muscle and of the location of talin. The results are discussed in terms of muscle structure, function and post‐mortem tenderisation. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

纺纱牵伸胶辊胶圈应用技术概要

阐述棉纺牵伸胶辊、胶圈的应用技术和牵伸原理,重点探讨了胶辊、胶圈的牵伸工艺特性及其合理配置、胶辊制作、周期管理、质量管理、使用管理、产品缺陷与其机械波分析、纺纱环境和挡车工操作水平对纺纱性能的影响,提出胶辊、胶圈有关机件的质量要求等。     

Bioaccessibility of Se, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe, and heme iron content in unaged and aged meat of Hereford and Braford steers fed pasture

The content and the bioaccessibility of Se, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe were determined in unaged and aged meat (14days) from the Psoas major (PM), Gluteus medius (GM) and Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles of Hereford (H) and Braford breed (B) steers fed pasture. Furthermore, the content of heme-Fe was determined in the same muscles. The H had a lower content of Cu and a higher content of Fe. Also, H had more heme-Fe than B. The bioaccessibility in unaged meat for Se, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe ranged between 75 and 91%, 30 and 45%, 40 and 68%, 55 and 95%, and 60 and 70%, respectively. After aging, the bioaccessibility for the same minerals ranged between 58 and 80%, 30 and 48%, 40 and 58%, 75 and 95%, and 59 and 70%, respectively. Aging affected negatively the Se content and its bioaccessibility, in the two breeds. Also, the heme-Fe content was negatively affected by aging in all muscles and breeds.     

Optimization of spinning parameters influencing the characteristics of structurally modified viscose yarn

Yarn structure influences the configuration of the constituent fibers in the yarn and the comfort properties of the fabrics to a great extent. The fiber arrangement in the yarn has a major influence on the comfort-related properties such as thermal conductivity, air permeability, wickability, and moisture vapor permeability. This study dealt with the influence of process and material variables namely, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) proportion, twist multiplier (TM), and spindle speed on microporous viscose yarn properties. Three-variable three-factor Box and Behnken method was used to investigate the individual and interaction effects of selected variables on yarn properties. The selected variables have a significant influence on all the yarn properties. The increase in PVA%, spindle speed, and TM reduces the specific volume and wickability of yarns and increases the tenacity and packing factor of yarns before dissolving the PVA fibers. With increase in spindle speed and TM, same trend was noticed after dissolving the PVA also. But the trend reverses with increase in PVA percentage after dissolution of PVA fiber. The increase in PVA percentage increases the specific volume and wickability of yarns and decreases the tenacity and packing factor of yarns after dissolution of PVA fiber. The optimized process parameters were obtained, and yarn was spun with the optimized parameters to validate the model.     

肉类嫩度形成机理及嫩化调控研究进展

嫩度是原料肉的重要品质指标之一,与肉制品的出售价格及消费者满意程度和重复购买的意愿紧密相关。近年来,新兴的植物肉、细胞培养肉等人造肉追求模拟传统肉制品的感官体验,其中包括肉类独特的质地。本文对肉类嫩度的主要影响因素及近年来的研究进展进行综述。首先,简要介绍嫩度的定义及测定方法;其次,围绕肌节长度、结缔组织和蛋白酶解三方面重点介绍肉类嫩度的影响因素及机理;最后,简述肉类嫩度的调控方法及最新的研究进展,以期为传统肉品领域以及模拟肉、3D打印肉等相关研究开发提供参考。     

Religious slaughter: Evaluation of current practices in selected countries

As part of the project “Religious slaughter (DIALREL): improving knowledge and expertise through dialogue and debate on issues of welfare, legislation and socio-economic aspects”, this paper discusses an evaluation of current practices during Halal and Shechita slaughter in cattle, sheep, goats and poultry. During religious slaughter, animals are killed with and without stunning by a transverse incision across the neck that is cutting the skin, muscles (brachiocephalic, sternocephalic, sternohyoid, and sternothyroid), trachea, esophagus, carotid arteries, jugular veins and the major, superficial and deep nerves of the cervical plexus. In this report, the restraint methods, stunning, neck cutting, exsanguination, slaughter techniques and postcut handling in the abattoir were assessed for religious slaughter. Information about the procedures used during religious slaughter in Belgium, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, the UK, Turkey and Australia was collected by means of spot visits to abattoirs. To standardize the information gathered during the spot visits three guidelines were designed, one for each species, and translated into the national languages of the countries involved. The document included questions on the handling and restraint methods (stunning, neck cutting/exsanguination/slaughter techniques and postcut handling performed under religious practices) and for pain and distress of the animal during the restraint, neck cutting and induction to death in each abattoir. Results showed differences in the time from restraining to stun and to cut in the neck cutting procedures and in the time from cut to death.     

自供电纺织基柔性应变传感器研究进展北大核心CSCD

将纺织品与能源收集器和传感器相结合,为物联网时代人体可穿戴电子产品提供一种持续、环保、可穿戴的能源解决方案。本文根据不同的自供电原理将纺织基自供电传感器主要分为摩擦电型、压电型、热电型三大类,综述了近年来自供电纺织基柔性传感器的研究进展,分类介绍它们的供电原理、结构制备、材料选择、应用场景等,总结了目前纺织基柔性传感器在电子皮肤领域的研究进展,并对纺织基柔性传感器存在的问题和前景进行讨论。