Discrete-time LQG/LTR design and modeling of a disk drive actuatortracking servo system

This paper presents the discrete-time LQG/LTR design of a disk drive track following servo system. The servo compensator designed through linear-quadratic Gaussian control combined with loop transfer recovery (LQG/LTR) consists of a Kalman filter for state estimation and state feedback for control. The desired tracking servo performance is first formulated through a frequency shaped return ratio of the Kalman filter and subsequently recovered at the output of the plant/compensator loop through the automatic design of a discrete-time linear quadratic (LQ) regulator. Particular attention has been given to modeling the calculation time delay and bias force estimation. The excellent robustness and performance characteristics of a continuous time LQG/LTR design are theoretically unachievable due to the extremely low sampling rate and nonminimum phase plant characteristics. However, both time and frequency domain simulations show that reasonable stability margins and performance can still be recovered. This technique nearly eliminates all the trial and error typical of a conventional pole placement design of a similar system. The direct discrete-time design can handle extremely low sampling rates associated with embedded servo systems. The technique can also be used for designing multi-rate and multi-input servo systems     

Nonlinear control for linear induction motor servo drive

This paper describes a newly designed nonlinear control strategy to control a linear induction motor servo drive for periodic motion. Based on the concept of the nonlinear state feedback theory and optimal technique, a nonlinear control strategy, which is composed of an adaptive optimal control system and a sliding-mode flux observation system, is developed to improve the drawbacks in previous works concerned with complicated intelligent control. The control and estimation methodologies are derived in the sense of Lyapunov theorem so that the stability of the control system can be guaranteed. The sliding-mode flux observation system is implemented using a digital signal processor with a high sampling rate to make it possible to achieve good dynamics. Computer simulations and experimental results have been conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme under the occurrence of possible uncertainties and different reference trajectories. The merits of the proposed control system are indicated in comparison with a traditional optimal control system.     

基于LQG/LTR飞行控制系统的优化设计与品质评价

针对当前飞机的飞行控制系统设计与适航审定问题,采用LQG/LTR鲁棒控制技术,完成飞行控制系统的设计与优化,并基于padé降阶技术进行等效系统处理,运用等效系统准则、模态判据准则和C*准则对所设计的飞行控制系统进行品质评价,提出了一种结合飞行控制系统的适航审定框架下的设计手段和评价流程。     

Development of new training algorithms for neuro-wavelet systems on the robust control of induction servo motor drive

A robust wavelet neural network control (RWNNC) system is proposed to control the rotor position of an induction servo motor drive in this paper. In the proposed RWNNC system, a wavelet neural network controller is the main tracking controller that is used to mimic a computed torque control law, and a robust controller is designed to recover the residual approximation for ensuring the stable control performance. Moreover, to relax the requirement for a known bound on lumped uncertainty, which comprises a minimum approximation error, optimal network parameters and higher order terms in a Taylor series expansion of the wavelet functions, an RWNNC system with adaptive bound estimation was investigated for the control of an induction servo motor drive. In this control system, a simple adaptive algorithm was utilized to estimate the bound on lumped uncertainty. In addition, numerical simulation and experimental results due to periodic commands show that the dynamic behaviors of the proposed control systems are robust with regard to parameter variations and external load disturbance.     

Adaptive enhanced fuzzy sliding-mode control for electrical servo drive

The design and properties of an adaptive enhanced fuzzy sliding-mode control (AEFSMC) system for an indirect field-oriented induction motor (IM) drive to track periodic commands are addressed in this study. A newly designed EFSMC system, in which a translation-width idea is embedded into the FSMC, is introduced initially. Moreover, to confront the uncertainties existed in practical applications, an adaptive tuner, which is derived in the sense of the Lyapunov stability theorem, is utilized to adjust the EFSMC parameter for further assuring robust and optimal control performance. The indirect field-oriented IM drive with the AEFSMC scheme possesses the salient advantages of simple control framework, free from chattering, stable tracking control performance, and robust to uncertainties. In addition, numerical simulation and experimental results due to periodic sinusoidal commands are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, and its advantages are indicated in comparison with FSMC and EFSMC systems.     

基于DSP的全数字交流位置伺服控制系统的研究

提出一种基于数字信号处理器(DSP)的全数字交流位置伺服控制系统。该系统充分利用了DSP周边接口丰富、运算速度快的特点,使所设计的系统硬件简单。实验结果表明,系统结构紧凑,具有良好的动态和静态特性。     

Time optimal control for induction motor servo system

A time-optimal position control scheme based on Pontryagin's minimum principle is proposed for a current-source-inverter (CSI) fed induction motor system. The induction motor with field-oriented control is modeled with a fast time-optimal position control system of second order which has two modes of operation: the first bang-bang mode operates until the position is close to target, followed by second DC braking mode which gives asymptotic stability. In order to realize this aim, the time-optimal controller is added instead of the speed controller to the conventional field oriented control loop of the CSI-fed induction motor. The validity of the time-optimal control solution has been verified by an experimental test. Experimental results are in close agreement with a digital simulation     

基于瑞萨单片机的交流感应电机驱动电路的设计

介绍一种用于家用电器交流感应电机调速的高性能、低成本变频控制器。针对交流感应电机的控制特点,从功率驱动电路、速度检测、电路保护及EMC等方面进行了分析。控制器核心由低成本高性能的瑞萨单片机和三相功率驱动芯片IRS2136S组成,降低了变频控制器的成本。速度检测采用位置传感器,缩短了软件开发周期。在电路中增加的EMC措施,大大增加了系统的可靠性。该电路已在某些家电产品中得到应用,整机具有良好的稳定性和抗干扰性,通过了UL及国家家电安全标准检验。     

On the compensation of dead time and zero-current crossing for a PWM-inverter-controlled AC servo drive

Conventional dead-time compensation methods, for pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) inverters, improve the current output waveforms; however, the zero-current crossing effect is still apparent. This letter proposes a new method, based on angle domain repetitive control, to reduce the distortions in the PWM inverters output waveforms caused by the dead time and the zero-crossing problem.     

Rotor-flux-oriented control of a single-phase induction motor drive

This paper investigates the vector control of a single-phase induction motor drive to implement low-cost systems for low-power applications. The static power converter side is implemented using a single-phase rectifier cascaded with a four-switch inverter. The vector control is based upon field orientation concepts that have been adapted for this type of machine. Simulation and experimental results are provided to illustrate the system operation     

Intersample ripple-free multirate control with application to a hard disk drive servo

This paper discusses the intersample ripple problem in multirate control design. Supplementations and corrections have been made to the multirate control scheme proposed in . Moreover, the proposed method is applied to a 5.25-in hard disk drive servo system. The experimental results show that the proposed method can handle the intersample ripples existing in the conventional design very well and that the new multirate control design demands a much smaller control input profile than the conventional design.     

Robust control using neural network uncertainty observer for linearinduction motor servo drive

A robust controller, that combines the merits of integral-proportional (IP) position control and neural network (NN) observed technique, is designed for a linear induction motor (LIM) servo drive in this study. First, the secondary flux of the LIM is estimated using a sliding-mode flux observer on the stationary reference frame and the feedback linearization theory is used to decouple the thrust and the flux amplitude of the LIM. Then, the IP position controller is designed according to the estimated mover parameters to match the time-domain command tracking specifications. Moreover, a robust controller is formulated using the NN uncertainty observer, which is implemented to estimate the lumped uncertainty of the controlled plant, as an inner-loop force controller to increase the robustness of the LIM servo drive system. Furthermore, in the derivation of the online training algorithm of the NN, an error function is used in the Lyapunov function to avoid the real-time identification of the system Jacobian. In addition, to increase the speed and accuracy of the estimated flux, the sliding-mode flux observer is implemented using a 32 bit floating-point digital signal processor (DSP) with a high sampling rate. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified by both the simulated and experimental results     

Multilayer control of an induction motor drive:A strategic step for automotive applications

Fault tolerance is a critical attribute in automotive electrical and propulsion systems. In this paper, a control scheme is presented that allows an induction motor drive system to operate in the event of multiple sensor failures. Automatic diagnosis of sensor fault and recovery is performed and used to reconfigure the drive system controls to achieve the best performance in lieu of component degradation. This approach couples a new digital delta-hysteresis regulation scheme with a model reference adaptive system scheme in order to provide fault tolerance for both phase-current and rotor position (speed) sensors. Simulation and experimental results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

Robust decoupled control of direct field-oriented induction motor drive

This paper focuses on the development of a decoupling mechanism and a speed control scheme based on total sliding-mode control (TSMC) theory for a direct rotor field-oriented (DRFO) induction motor (IM). First, a robust decoupling mechanism including an adaptive flux observer and a sliding-mode current estimator is investigated to decouple the complicated flux and torque dynamics of an IM. The acquired flux angle is utilized for the DRFO object such that the dynamic behavior of the IM is like that of a separately excited dc motor. However, the control performance of the IM is still influenced seriously by the system uncertainties including electrical and mechanical parameter variation, external load disturbance, nonideal field-oriented transient responses, and unmodeled dynamics in practical applications. In order to enhance the robustness of the DRFO IM drive for high-performance applications, a TSMC scheme is constructed without the reaching phase in conventional sliding-mode control (CSMC). The control strategy is derived in the sense of Lyapunov stability theorem such that the stable tracking performance can be ensured under the occurrence of system uncertainties. In addition, numerical simulations as well as experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the developed methodologies in comparison with a model reference adaptive system flux observer and a CSMC system.     

Vector control strategies for single-phase induction motor drive systems

This paper discusses vector control strategies for single-phase motor drive systems operating with two windings. A model is proposed and used to derive control laws for single-phase motor drive systems. Such model is also employed to introduce the double-sequence controller. Simulation and experimental results are provided to illustrate the operation of the proposed drive systems.     

Sensorless field-oriented control for double-inverter-fed wound-rotor induction motor drive

A novel control technique for sensorless vector control operation of a double-inverter-fed wound-rotor induction motor is presented. Two current controllers control the stator-side currents based on a vector control algorithm. Another V/f-type flux and frequency controller controls the rotor-side frequency directly. A novel frequency command profile for the rotor-side controller is suggested to make this sensorless drive operation reliable and reduce dependence on motor parameters at any rotor speed. A complete inverter power flow analysis is presented to show that the drive can deliver full torque from 0- to 2-p.u. speed for either direction of rotation. Thus, double the rated power can be extracted from the induction motor without overloading it. The proposed algorithm allows the drive to start on-the-fly without any rotor transducer. Results from a prototype 50-hp drive are presented.     

一种改进的永磁直线电机伺服系统的研究

针对在永磁同步直线电机伺服系统中传统的PI速度环控制器动态响应和输出超调量不理想的问题,提出了基于模糊控制PI切换的速度控制器,并在Matlab/Simulink仿真环境下,建立了基于PI速度控制器和基于fuzzy-PI切换的永磁同步直线电机仿真模型,仿真结果表明:模糊控制PI切换的速度控制器可以明显地降低系统的调节时间和超调量,改善永磁同步直线电机伺服控制系统的动态性能。     

A highly effective load adaptive servo drive system for speed control of travelling-wave ultrasonic motor

This paper presents a highly effective load adaptive drive system to control the speed of a travelling-wave ultrasonic motor. The motor driver was built based on the two-phase high-frequency inverter using the mechanical resonant frequency of the ultrasonic motor. To digitally control the drive system, a TMS320F243 digital signal processor was adapted to the driver. The developed system includes two feedback loops; speed control loop and feedback voltage-resonant frequency tracking loop. The driving frequency was used as a control input to control the motor. Direct pulse-width modulation (PWM) control was used to obtain the required driving frequency. The developed drive system was experimentally tested under several operating conditions. The obtained results demonstrated the effectiveness of the drive system for high performance drive applications.