溶胶-凝胶法改性阻燃粘胶纤维的制备及其性能

为提升粘胶/二硫代焦磷酸酯(VF/DDPS)纤维的阻燃性能,通过溶胶-凝胶法,采用正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)对VF/DDPS纤维表面进行阻燃改性,得到阻燃粘胶纤维(VF/DDPS/TEOS).借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱仪、热重分析仪、锥形量热仪、微型量热仪、单纤强力仪等对改性纤维的结构和性能进行分析.结果表明:...     

阳离子改性阻燃涤纶织物的制备及其性能

为提高阻燃涤纶织物的吸湿、染色和抗菌等性能,以阻燃涤纶织物(FRPET)为基体,利用多巴胺化学辅助的表面引发原子转移自由基聚合(SI-ATRP)技术分别在织物表面接枝不同分子质量的聚(2-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)乙基)二甲基-(3-磺丙基)氢氧化铵(PSBMA)、聚(2-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)乙基)三甲基氯化铵(PMTAC)以及嵌段聚合物PSBMA-b-PMTAC。分别对其表面形貌、吸水、透湿、透气、染色、抗菌和阻燃性能进行表征与测试,研究阻燃涤纶织物改性前后阻燃、透湿、抗菌和染色性能的变化。结果表明：嵌段聚合物PSBMA-b-PMTAC改性的阻燃涤纶织物较原涤纶织物阻燃性能有所提高,热释放速率峰值降低60.7%;改性涤纶织物较原始织物吸水性提高,达到机织类吸湿产品标准;嵌段改性涤纶织物实现了阳离子改性的同时对大肠杆菌的抑菌率提高27%,显示出一定的抗菌性能。     

层层自组装阻燃改性聚酯织物的制备及其性能

为解决阻燃聚酯织物熔滴严重的问题,采用紫外光(UV)辐照接枝共聚技术,通过1-羟基环己基苯甲酮的光引发作用,将阴离子型丙烯酸(AA)接枝到阻燃聚酯织物表面,在此基础上设计了γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)与磺丁基-β-环糊精(SBE-β-CD)抑熔滴体系,在接枝织物表面进行层层自组装制备阻燃抑熔滴聚酯织物,并对改性后织物的形貌、热稳定性和阻燃性能进行表征。结果表明:引发剂质量分数为4%,AA质量分数为12%,紫外光照射时间为10 min时,阻燃聚酯的接枝率较优,为5.08%,但随着接枝率的增加其极限氧指数(LOI值)有所降低;层层自组装改性后的聚酯织物,在组装层数为12时,其极限氧指数可达到28%,成炭明显,垂直燃烧测试无熔滴产生,燃烧性能得到明显改善。     

磷硅改性阻燃抑熔滴聚酯纤维的制备及其性能

针对聚酯(PET)纤维易燃且燃烧时伴随着大量熔滴与烟气的问题,将二乙基次膦酸盐阻燃剂、大分子型有机硅与PET载体共混制备磷硅阻燃母粒。将磷硅阻燃母粒按照一定质量分数添加到常规PET切片中混合,经熔融纺丝制得阻燃抑熔滴PET纤维。借助扫描电子显微镜、复丝强度仪、差示扫描量热仪、热重分析仪、氧指数测试仪、拉曼光谱仪对阻燃PET的力学性能、热性能与阻燃性能等进行表征和分析。结果表明：二乙基次膦酸盐阻燃剂使PET表面脱水成炭,大分子型有机硅提升了炭层的石墨化程度,形成有序稳定的炭层,增强了阻燃PET纤维阻燃性能并抑制熔滴形成,且燃烧形成的烟气量下降;添加质量分数为3%的二乙基次膦酸盐阻燃剂与0.77%大分子型有机硅纺制的阻燃PET纤维,其极限氧指数达到31%以上,垂直燃烧测试等级达到V-0级;通过磷硅元素间的阻燃协效作用改善了阻燃PET纤维的可纺性,同时使其具有良好的阻燃与抑熔滴性能。     

生物质环保阻燃剂PD的制备及其阻燃性能

为解决纯棉织物的阻燃及其耐洗性问题,以生物质植酸和双氰胺为原料,制备了无卤生物质环保耐洗阻燃剂PD,并应用于棉织物的阻燃整理。借助傅里叶红外光谱仪和X射线能谱仪等分析表征了PD化学结构和元素组成,并对整理织物的表面形貌、热稳定性、阻燃及耐水洗性等进行了分析。结果表明:阻燃剂PD为多活性磷氮型阻燃剂;纯棉织物阻燃整理时,阻燃剂PD质量分数为35%;PD处理样在800 ℃热解残炭量为13.32%(氮气气氛),垂直燃烧的损毁长度为4.5 cm,极限氧指数达43.6%,且阻燃织物经40次标准洗涤后,极限氧指数仍能达到29.1%;制备的阻燃剂PD是一种阻燃效果和耐水洗性能优良的生物质环保阻燃剂。     

新型氮-磷阻燃剂制备及其对棉织物的阻燃性能

为同步实现纺织品高分子材料高效、低毒的阻燃性能,充分利用氮-磷之间的协同效应,以六氯环三磷腈(HCPP)和季戊四醇磷酸酯(PEPA)为原料,制备了一类新型氮-磷无卤阻燃剂(HCPPA),其对棉织物的阻燃性能通过氧指数仪和垂直燃烧仪进行测试。结果表明:当阻燃剂添加量为28%时,HCPPA的极限氧指数高达35%,阴燃时间为0.3 s,经HCPPA处理的棉织物水洗15次后极限氧指数仍然高达32.5%,显示出优异的阻燃性能和良好的耐水洗性;与六苯氧基环三磷腈(HPCTP)和季戊四醇磷酸酯(PEPA)相比,HCPPA具有更优异的阻燃性能,有望在纺织、塑料和涂料等产品的阻燃工业中具有更好的应用前景。     

芳纶/阻燃粘胶/阻燃锦纶混纺织物制备及其性能

为获得长效阻燃、高强、耐磨且服用性能好的织物,将芳纶1414、阻燃粘胶与阻燃锦纶3种本质阻燃纤维混纺织造,探讨了混纺比、纱线捻度、织物组织结构和黏合剂种类对纱线及其织物力学性能、阻燃性能和色牢度的影响。结果表明：芳纶1414/阻燃粘胶/阻燃锦纶(30/45/25)混纺纱线同时具备优异的力学性能和阻燃性能,阻燃锦纶的加入使三元混纺纱线断裂强度相比芳纶/阻燃粘胶二元混纺纱线提升56%,耐磨次数提升58%,其纱线的力学性能随着捻度增加先增强后降低,峰值捻度为680捻/m;织物采用斜纹组织结构时,其阻燃性能和力学性能优于平纹和缎纹组织;采用非离子型丙烯酸酯共聚物G-BD作为印花浆料黏合剂,可使得到的高强耐磨阻燃织物水洗20次后变色牢度级数仍保持在2级以上。     

PVA基含磷阻燃剂的合成与性能研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)、磷酸为原料合成了PVA基磷酸酯阻燃剂(PVA-POH),优化了合成工艺:m(H3PO4)/m(PVA)=2.0,催化剂CO(NH2)21％,100℃,120min.用红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振(NMR)、元素分析表征其结构,用TGA-DSC分析了它的热性能.结果表明:该阻燃剂合成路线简单,阻燃性能优良,经整理的涤棉织物经10次水洗后,其LOI值仍为26.2％.     

Physical,mechanical and thermal properties of cross laminated timber made with coconut wood

European Journal of Wood and Wood Products - The fundamental material properties of coconut wood cross-laminated timber (CLT) were experimentally evaluated with a focus on the effect of the...     

Properties of fast-growing poplar wood simultaneously treated with dye and flame retardant

Simultaneous dyeing and inflaming retarding treatment improves both the aesthetic aspects and the safety value of fast-growing tree species. This study investigated the effects of water bath temperature, dye concentration, flame retardant concentration and dipping time on dye uptake and limited oxygen index of simultaneously dyed and fire-retardant-treated wood veneer. Through comprehensive analysis, an improved process was obtained and wood with these improved properties was prepared. Analyses of chemical structure and thermal stability of prepared wood samples were conducted, as well as crystallinity and microscopic morphologies using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric, plus X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results showed that dye uptake and limited oxygen index had a similar increasing tendency with increased water bath temperature and dipping time. Moreover, dye uptake improved upon addition of flame retardant, while limited oxygen index decreased as dye concentration increases. Flame retardant combined with the wood fiber and was in the absence of chemical reaction with the dye used. Dye and flame retardant molecules diffused into the cell cavity, wood vessel and aperture. Furthermore, the fire-retardant properties and crystallinity of wood simultaneously treated with dye and flame retardant were both improved.     

新型植酸基阻燃剂改性Lyocell纤维与织物的制备及其性能

为提高Lyocell纤维与织物的阻燃性能,利用天然富磷化合物植酸与新戊二醇和尿素反应制备了一种膨胀型阻燃剂,应用于Lyocell纤维与织物的后整理.借助傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、热重分析仪、扫描电子显微镜,分析了阻燃Lyocell纤维的结构、热稳定性及表面形貌.采用垂直燃烧、锥形量热及极限氧指数实验,研究了处理后Lyoce...     

Physical and mechanical properties of thermally modified wood from E. grandis

This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of thermal treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus grandis wood. Boards were taken from 5.9-year-old E.?grandis trees. The boards were thermally modified at temperatures up to 220°C in the Laboratory of Wood Drying and Preservation from UNESP, Botucatu, SP, in Brazil. The results indicated that the thermal modification caused significant decreases of up to: (1)?49.3% and 10.5% in the equilibrium moisture content and in the density of wood, respectively; (2)?53.3% in the volumetric swelling; (3)?52.3% in the modulus of rupture at static bending, without changes in the compressive strength parallel to grain and the respective modulus of elasticity; and (4)?20.7% in the Janka hardness. It was found that the specific gravity and compression parallel to the grain test were not the most suitable ones for evaluating the quality of thermally modified wood.     

石墨烯气凝胶复合防火面料防护性能的影响因素

为进一步提高热防护服的综合性能,满足增加防护性和降低热应激的需求,构建了石墨烯气凝胶复合面料系统。通过不同的评价指标,在低辐射热环境下探讨了制备过程中氧化石墨烯水溶液的质量分数、石墨烯气凝胶的厚度、石墨烯气凝胶中是否添加碳纤维3个因素对复合面料系统热防护效果的影响。实验结果表明,与对照组相比,加入石墨烯气凝胶的复合面料系统有较好的热防护性能,可将人体产生热损伤的时间延长165%~318%,将产生二级烧伤时间延长87%~225%,将面料系统最大温差降低35.6%~63.9%;温升12 ℃的时间、温升24 ℃的时间和面料系统最大温差3个影响因素之间存在交互作用,而指标面料系统到达最高温度的时间在3个因素之间不存在交互作用,碳纤维因素主效应显著。     

含磷阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维的制备及其性能

为制备含磷无卤阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维,利用KOH水溶液对丙烯腈（AN）-醋酸乙烯酯（VAc）无规共聚物（P（AN-co-VAc））纤维中的VAc单元进行选择性水解,再与O,O-二乙基磷酰氯进行磷酰化反应制得阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、差示扫描量热和热重分析法对阻燃纤维结构及热性能进行表征,利用扫描电子显微镜对阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维的炭残渣进行分析。结果表明,随水溶液pH值的升高,聚丙烯腈纤维中VAc单元迅速水解;聚丙烯腈纤维中VAc单元的存在使共聚纤维环化放热分解峰值温度增大,当VAc单元的质量分数为30% 时,可达287 ℃,而阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维的该温度高达340 ℃;阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维在800 ℃时的炭残渣量高达48% 以上,远高于共聚合聚丙烯腈纤维41% 的残炭量,具有良好的成炭性。     

共聚型磷系阻燃聚酯聚合反应动力学及其性能

为探究共聚型磷系阻燃聚酯的反应规律及其影响因素,以2-羧乙基苯基次磷酸(CEPPA)为阻燃剂制备不同磷含量的阻燃共聚酯,建立了聚酯反应动力学模型并分析其影响因素。借助红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪、热失重测试仪、极限氧指数仪、锥形量热仪对聚酯的结构及性能进行测试与分析。结果表明:随着CEPPA质量分数的增加,缩聚反应活化能逐渐增大,最高增加至106.83 kJ/mol;聚合物的玻璃化转变温度、熔点均呈下降趋势;阻燃剂中磷元素以共价键形式共聚到PET分子链中,抑制了分子链的结晶;当磷含量为1%时,阻燃共聚酯的极限氧指数达到31%,引燃时间明显延长,最大热释放速率降低了24%,阻燃效果显著。     

新型阻燃亲水聚酯纤维的制备及其性能

由于聚酯纤维回潮率低,染色性差,易积聚静电,易起球,易燃烧,使得其应用受限。为了提高聚酯纤维的亲水性和阻燃性能,采用PTA、EG并添加第三单体（SIPE）、第四单体（PEG）和第五单体(亲水剂)进行共聚反应制备高亲水聚酯切片。通过亲水聚酯切片和含共聚阻燃剂（CEPPA 2-羧乙基苯基次膦酸）的阻燃母粒共混熔融纺丝的方法制备具有阻燃功能和高亲水功能的聚酯纤维,并对其阻燃性能和亲水性能进行测试。分析结果表明经改性后的聚酯切片热稳定性能与PET相比变化不大,表面接触角小于65°,极限氧指数大于30%,得到的亲水阻燃聚酯的亲水性、热稳定性及阻燃性能良好。     

Degradation of wood surfaces by water Changes in mechanical properties of thin wood strips

European Journal of Wood and Wood Products - Thin strips of pine and lime were exposed to deionised water in the temperature range 50–90°C. Losses in wet tested tensile strength and...     

Tannin-boron preservatives for wood buildings: mechanical and fire properties

The remarkable biological properties of tannin-boron wood preservatives for outdoor applications have been investigated recently (Thevenon et al. in Eur. J. Wood Prod. 67:89, 2009). In the present paper mechanical and fire-proofing attributes of these formulations are determined. Mechanical properties of Scots pine and beech specimens treated with tannin-based formulations were examined in compression and bending strength tests and surface hardness was determined. The tannin-hexamine formulations reticulated into the wood structure improve the strength of the treated specimens. The treated samples which underwent compression, bending, hardness and gluing tests showed improvements of on average 20%. Fire tests have been monitored regarding short and long flame exposure time. Short tests such as ignition, flame and ember time have allowed the ignition of the fire to be simulated, while the weight loss tests have provided a good overview of the behavior of the specimens during prolonged fire. A positive effect on fire-resistance is shown when wood is treated with tannin formulations. The fire-proofing properties of the resin have been upgraded adding boron and phosphorus. The ember time of the pieces treated using this method can be reduced by up to ten times.     

Effect of copper nanoparticles on permeability, physical, and mechanical properties of particleboard

Effects of a 200 ppm nanocopper suspension, with size range from 10 to 80 nm, on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made on an industrial scale at the Iran-Choob Factory were studied. Nanocopper suspension was added to the mat at two levels of 100 and 150 ml/kg dry weight wood particles and compared with control boards. Results showed that hot-pressing time was reduced by 5.7 and 3.4 % when 100 and 150 ml of nanocopper were used, respectively. Also, both levels of nanocopper consumption had improving effects on physical and mechanical properties, although in some cases not significant. Permeability was significantly decreased to its lowest value in 150 ml/kg treatment. It can be concluded that 150 ml of nanocopper/kg may be used to improve the physical and mechanical properties, to reduce press time, and to decrease permeability in particleboards. For industrially accepted outcome, 150 ml/kg of nanocopper is recommended.