Improvement of immunomagnetic separation for Escherichia coli O157:H7 detection by the PickPen magnetic particle separation device

Conventional immunomagnetic separation (IMS) procedures, which use an external magnetic source to capture magnetic particles against the side of a test tube, are labor-intensive and can have poor sensitivity for the target organism because of high background microflora that is not effectively washed away during the IMS process. This report compares the conventional IMS procedure to a new IMS procedure with an intrasolution magnetic particle transfer device, the PickPen. The IMS target for the majority of these studies is Escherichia coli O157:H7 in various types of samples, including cattle feces, hides, carcasses, and ground beef. Comparison of the two IMS methods showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the efficiency of detecting E. coli O157:H7 from cattle carcass surface, cattle hide, and cattle fecal samples. No significant improvement (P > 0.05) in E. coli O157:H7 detection was observed when the PickPen IMS procedure was used to isolate this pathogen from ground beef samples. Use of the PickPen IMS greatly increases the throughput of the IMS procedure and may be more compatible with various emerging technologies for pathogen detection. In addition, the efficacy of sequential IMS for multiple pathogens is reported herein.     

Simultaneous detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella strains by real-time PCR

A protocol enabling simultaneous detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella strains was devised and evaluated using artificially contaminated fresh produce. Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC)-approved polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection methods for three human pathogens were modified to enable simultaneous and real-time detection with high throughput capability. The method includes a melting-curve analysis of PCR products, which serves as confirmatory test. The modified protocol successfully detected all three pathogens when fresh produce was washed with artificially contaminated water containing E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium down to the predicted level of 1 to 10 cells/ml and L. monocytogenes at 1000 cells/ml. The ability to monitor several pathogens simultaneously will save time and increase our ability to assure food safety.     

免疫磁分离法高效富集牛奶中大肠杆菌O157:H7

目的建立一种免疫磁分离(immunomagnetic separation,IMS)方法高效富集大肠杆菌O157:H7。方法合成一种核壳型的纳米磁珠(magnetic nanobeads, MNBs),并基于制备的MNBs构建了IMS。通过优化制备免疫MNBs时抗体浓度, IMS过程免疫MNBs的用量和孵育时间,构建了高效的IMS方法。结果构建的IMS方法能够在35 min内完成牛奶中大肠杆菌O157:H7的高效富集,当大肠杆菌O157:H7浓度低于10~5 CFU/m L时,捕获效率高于93.4%,当菌浓度达到10~7CFU/mL,捕获效率仍大于50%。结论该方法简单高效,可被广泛应用于其他食源性致病菌检测的样品前处理。     

肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7的分子生物学检测及PCR检测

大肠杆菌一些特殊的血清型具有致病性,肠出血性大肠杆菌是大肠杆菌的一个亚型,主要致病菌株为O157:H7,可引起感染性腹泻,因能引起人类的出血性肠炎而得名。本文综述了分子生物学检测肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7的研究进展。分子生物学检测是利用抗原抗体特异性结合反应检测各种物质的分析方法,主要包括酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)、胶体免疫金层析法以及免疫磁珠分离法(IMS)。PCR技术检测肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7,主要包括常规PCR检测、多重PCR检测以及实时荧光定量PCR检测。这两种方法灵敏度高、特异性强、操作简便、结果准确等优点,是检测肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7的常用方法。     

原料乳中大肠杆菌O157:H7的快速检测

建立了一种快速检测原料乳中大肠杆菌O157:H7的PCR技术.该方法利用过滤富集菌体后的PCR技术来检测原料乳中大肠杆菌O157:H7,先对人工污染大肠杆菌O157:H7的原料乳进行离心脱脂,然后添加EDTA-2Na获得澄清乳液,最后通过0.45 μm微膜过滤收集菌体,整个过程只需6 h左右即可完成.检测灵敏度高达10-mL-1.这种方法在传统检测方法的基础上做了有效改进,使得原料乳中的大肠杆菌O157:H7的检测能够快速、准确、灵敏的进行.     

PCR 法检测食品中大肠杆菌O157:H7

对大肠杆菌O157:H7 型菌株的各毒力基因及基因组中的特异序列进行了设计和比对,确定292bp 的检测引物。常规定性PCR 和实时定量PCR 证明该引物特异性强。模拟样品的前增菌实验结果表明本方法可以在原样品活菌浓度约2.0CFU/mL 时通过16h 增菌后检测出来,总的检测时间可以控制在24h 内。本实验建立的PCR 方法可用于食品中大肠杆菌O157:H7 的快速测定。     

基于实时荧光聚合酶链式反应快速检测食源性大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7

目的 建立一种快速、灵敏、特异、高效的食源性大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7型实时荧光聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)检测方法。方法 针对大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7型的O抗原特异基因rfbE保守区域设计特异性引物和探针, 合成基因片段绘制标准曲线, 在菌液基因组DNA和质粒双层面调试优化以完成方法的初步建立。其后, 对该方法的特异性、敏感性、重复性等进行全面的质量评估验证。结果 该方法特异性100%; 基因组DNA检测敏感性为7.11×102 fg/μL; 纯培养物水平检测敏感性为1.0×102 CFU/mL; 重复性变异系数在0.10%~1.00%之间; 标准曲线相关系数r2为0.9994。结论 成功建立了一种性能良好的大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7型实时荧光探针PCR快速检测方法, 该方法具有灵敏度高、特异性强、扩增时间短, 仅为35 min的特点, 可用于疑似大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7型污染样品的快速诊断检测。     

Rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes by nanoparticle-based immunomagnetic separation and real-time PCR

The objective of this study was to develop a method combining nanoparticle-based immunomagnetic separation (IMS) with real-time PCR for a rapid and quantitative detection of Listeria monocytogenes. Carboxyl modified magnetic nanoparticles were covalently bound with rabbit anti-L. monocytogenes via the amine groups. Several factors, such as the amount of immunomagnetic nanoparticles (IMNPs), reaction and collection times, and washing step, were optimized, and the nanoparticle-based IMS in combination with real-time PCR was further evaluated for detecting L. monocytogenes from artificially contaminated milk. The cell numbers calculated from the means of threshold cycles (CT) of PCR amplification curves were compared to those from plate counts in order to determine the correspondence degree of quantitative data. The capture efficiency (CE) by plating from IMNP-based IMS was 1.4 to 26 times higher than those of Dynabeads-based IMS depending on the initial cell concentrations inoculated into milk samples. When combined with real-time PCR, L. monocytogenes DNA was detected in milk samples with L. monocytogenes >or=10(2) CFU/0.5 ml. In the range of 10(3) to 10(7)L. monocytogenes CFU/0.5 ml, cell numbers calculated from CT values were 1.5 to 7 times higher than those derived from plate counts. Our results demonstrated that both the use of nanoparticles and the choice of anti-L. monocytogenes in our IMNP-based IMS in combination with real-time PCR has improved the sensitivity of L. monocytogenes detection from both nutrient broth and milk samples.     

Evaluation of immunomagnetic separation and PCR for the detection of Escherichia coli O157 in animal feces and meats

Series of animal feces and meat samples artificially contaminated with strains of Escherichia coli O157 isolated from different sources were tested by both an immunomagnetic separation (IMS)-based method and a PCR method using primers specific for a portion of the rfbE gene of E. coli O157. IMS is laborious and time consuming but ends up with the isolation of the pathogen. PCR is fast and less laborious, but it can only be used for screening purposes, so a further culture step is required to isolate the organism. For both fecal and meat samples, the IMS method was found to be more sensitive than the PCR. Furthermore, the detection efficiency of the PCR was influenced by the origin of the fecal sample and the type of meat. For sheep feces, the efficiency of the PCR appeared to be systematically lower than for cattle feces. And the efficiency of the PCR in detecting E. coli O157 in spiked samples of raw minced beef and dry-fermented sausages was systematically lower than in samples of filet americain. Based on this study, it can be concluded that both for animal feces and meat, IMS can be used more successfully to detect E. coli O157 than PCR, because IMS showed to be more sensitive and the outcome was not influenced by the type of animal feces or meat.     

Rapid and sensitive detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 using coaxial channel-based DNA extraction and microfluidic PCR

In this study, a rapid and sensitive method for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 using the coaxial channel-based DNA extraction and the microfluidic PCR was proposed and verified. The magnetic silica beads were first pumped into the coaxial channel, which was captured in the coaxial channel more uniformly by applying the multiring high-gradient magnetic field. After the E. coli O157:H7 cells were lysed with the lysis buffer to release the DNA, the improved coaxial channel was used to efficiently extract the DNA, followed by washing with ethanol to remove the residual proteins and eluting with a small volume of deionized water to obtain the purified and concentrated DNA. Finally, the obtained DNA was amplified and determined using the microfluidic PCR. This proposed bacteria detection method was able to detect E. coli O157:H7 as low as 12 cfu/mL when the large volume (10 mL) of bacterial sample was used, and the recovery of E. coli O157:H7 in the spiked milk samples ranged from 97.4 to 100.6%. This proposed bacteria detection method has shown great potential to detect lower concentration of E. coli O157:H7 from larger volumes of sample.     

Rapid and simultaneous quantitation of Escherichia coli 0157:H7, Salmonella, and Shigella in ground beef by multiplex real-time PCR and immunomagnetic separation

The objective of this study was to establish a multiplex real-time PCR for the simultaneous quantitation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Shigella. Genomic DNA for the real-time PCR was extracted by the boiling method. Three sets of primers and corresponding TaqMan probes were designed to target these three pathogenic bacteria. Multiplex real-time PCR was performed with TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix in an ABI Prism 7700 Sequence Detection System. Final standard curves were calculated for each pathogen by plotting the threshold cycle value against the bacterial number (log CFU per milliliter) via linear regression. With optimized conditions, the quantitative detection range of the real-time multiplex PCR for pure cultures was 10(2) to 10(9) CFU/ml for E. coli O157:H7, 10(3) to 10(9) CFU/ml for Salmonella, and 10(1) to 10(8) CFU/ml for Shigella. When the established multiplex real-time PCR system was applied to artificially contaminated ground beef, the detection limit was 10(5) CFU/g for E. coli O157:H7, 10(3) CFU/g for Salmonella, and 10(4) CFU/g for Shigella. Immunomagnetic separation (IMS) was further used to separate E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella from the beef samples. With the additional use of IMS, the detection limit was 10(3) CFU/g for both pathogens. Results from this study showed that TaqMan real-time PCR, combined with IMS, is potentially an effective method for the rapid and reliable quantitation of E. coli 0157:H7, Salmonella, and Shigella in food.     

Automated immunomagnetic separation and microarray detection of E. coli O157:H7 from poultry carcass rinse.

We describe the development and application of an electromagnetic flow cell and fluidics system for automated immunomagnetic separation (IMS) of Escherichia coli O157:H7 directly from poultry carcass rinse. We further describe the biochemical coupling of automated sample preparation with nucleic acid microarrays. Both the cell concentration system and microarray detection method did not require cell growth or enrichment from the poultry carcass rinse prior to IMS. Highly porous Ni foam was used to enhance the magnetic field gradient within the flow path, providing a mechanism for immobilizing immunomagnetic particles throughout the fluid rather than the tubing wall. A maximum of 32% recovery efficiency of non-pathogenic E. coli was achieved within the automated system with 6 s cell contact times using commercially available antibodies targeted against the O and K antigens. A 15-min protocol (from sample injection though elution) provided a cell recovery efficiency that was statistically similar to > I h batch captures. O157:H7 cells were reproducibly isolated directly from poultry carcass rinse with 39% recovery efficiency at 10(3) CFU ml(-1) inoculum. Direct plating of washed beads showed positive recovery of O157:H7 directly from poultry carcass rinse at an inoculum of 10 CFU ml(-1). Recovered beads were used for direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and microarray detection, with a process-level detection limit (automated cell concentration though microarray detection) of < 10(3)CFU ml(-1) in poultry carcass rinse.     

Rapid and simultaneous quantification of viable Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in milk through multiplex real-time PCR

Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in milk are 2 common pathogens that cause foodborne diseases. An accurate, rapid, specific method has been developed for the simultaneous detection of viable E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in milk. Two specific genes, namely, fliC from E. coli O157:H7 and invA from Salmonella spp., were selected to design primers and probes. A combined treatment containing sodium deoxycholate (SDO) and propidium monoazide (PMA) was applied to detect viable E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. only. Traditional culture methods and SDO-PMA-multiplex real-time (mRT) PCR assay were applied to determine the number of viable E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in cell suspensions with different proportions of dead cells. These methods revealed consistent findings regarding the detected viable cells. The detection limit of the SDO-PMA-mRT-PCR assay reached 10² cfu/mL for Salmonella spp. and 10² cfu/mL for E. coli O157:H7 in milk. The detection limit of SDO-PMA-mRT-PCR for E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in milk was significantly similar even in the presence of 10⁶ cfu/mL of 2 nontarget bacteria. The proposed SDO-PMA-mRT-PCR assay is a potential approach for the accurate and sensitive detection of viable E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in milk.     

Polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Escherichia coli O157: H-.

The DNA band patterns generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the du2 primer and template DNAs from various strains of Escherichia coli and non-E. coli bacteria were compared. Among three to five prominent bands produced, the three bands at about 1.8, 2.7, and 5.0 kb were detected in all of the E. coli O157 strains tested. Some nonpathogenic E. coli and all pathogenic E. coli except E. coli O157 showed bands at 1.8 and 5.0 kb. It seems that the band at 2.7 kb is specific to E. coli O157. Sequence analysis of the 2.7-kb PCR product revealed the presence of a DNA sequence specific to E. coli O157:H- and E. coli O157:H7. Since the DNA sequence from base 15 to base 1,008 of the PCR product seems to be specific to E. coli O157, a PCR assay was carried out with various bacterial genomic DNAs and O157-FHC1 and O157-FHC2 primers that amplified the region between base 23 and base 994 of the 2.7-kb PCR product. A single band at 970 bp was clearly detected in all of the strains of E. coli O157:H- and E. coli O157:H7 tested. However, no band was amplified from template DNAs from other bacteria, including both nonpathogenic and pathogenic E. coli except E. coli O157. All raw meats inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 at 3 x 10(0) to 3.5 x 10(2) CFU/25 g were positive both for our PCR assay after cultivation in mEC-N broth at 42 degrees C for 18 h and for the conventional cultural method.     

Sensitive detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by conventional plating techniques

The direct detection and estimation of concentration of Escherichia coli O157:H7 down to 1 CFU/g of cheese was achieved by conventional plating techniques. Cheese was manufactured with unpasteurized milk inoculated with E. coli O157: H7 at 34 +/- 3 CFU/ml. The numbers of E. coli O157:H7 were monitored during cheese ripening by plating on sorbitol MacConkey agar supplemented with cefixime and potassium tellurite (CT-SMAC) and on CT-O157:H7 ID medium. Using the pour plate method, E. coli O157:H7 colonies could easily be distinguished from non-O157:H7 colonies on CT-O157:H7 ID medium but not on CT-SMAC. Higher numbers of E. coli O157:H7 were detectable with O157:H7 ID medium. Latex agglutination and PCR were used to confirm the identification of typical E. coli O157:H7 colonies, and nontypical colonies as not being E. coli O157:H7. As few as 1 CFU/g of cheese could be detected. E. coli O157:H7 also was detected in deliberately contaminated milk at concentrations as low as 4 CFU/10 ml.     

Development of PCR assays for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in meat products

A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure based on fliC_h7 and rfbE genes was developed for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in raw pork meat and ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products. Two different DNA extraction procedures were evaluated for application on meat products. MasterPure™ DNA Purification kit in combination with immunomagnetic separation was found to be the best method in a meat system. The optimized PCR included an enrichment step in brilliant green bile 2% broth at 37 °C. This method was applied to artificially inoculated meat and RTE meat products with different concentrations of E. coli O157:H7. The results indicate that the PCR assay developed could sensitively and specifically detect E. coli O157:H7 in raw pork meat and RTE meat products in approximately 10 h, including a 6 h enrichment step. Thus, this method could be proposed for screening E. coli O157:H7 in raw pork and RTE meat products.     

大肠杆菌O157:H7快速培养的初步研究

本研究将Oxyrase酶加入到接种了大肠杆菌O157:H7的培养基中以促进这种兼性厌氧微生物的生长。与不加Oxyrase酶的对照组相比,添加了Oxyrase酶的培养基中的大肠杆菌O157:H7的浓度明显提高。实验结果表明,Oxyrase酶在大肠杆菌O157:H7 快速培养中具有潜在的利用价值。     

实时荧光环介导等温扩增技术快速检测牛肉中的大肠杆菌O157

目的 建立实时荧光环介导等温扩增技术(real-time fluorescence loop-mediated isothermal amplification, RF-LAMP)快速检测大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli, EHEC)O157的分析方法。方法 针对大肠杆菌O157编码O抗原的rfbE基因设计引物。对该方法进行特异性验证, 同时对大肠杆菌O157:H7纯培养物的灵敏度和人工污染牛肉的检出限进行测定, 对61份牛肉样品进行RF-LAMP检测, 并与GB 4789.36-2016方法进行比较, 评价RF-LAMP方法的敏感性、特异性和准确度。结果 10株大肠杆菌O157呈阳性结果, 21株非大肠杆菌O157呈阴性结果, 该方法特异性良好。纯培养物检测的灵敏度为5.1 CFU/mL, 人工污染的牛肉样品的检出限为5.1 CFU/g。结论 本研究建立的RF-LAMP技术特异性好、灵敏度高、操作简单, 可实时监测扩增反应, 避免了繁琐的电泳过程, 实现了对大肠杆菌O157的快速检测, 对大肠杆菌O157引起的食源性疾病的预防和控制具有重要意义。     

大肠杆菌O157:H7特异基因的实时荧光定量PCR检测

为建立快速、特异的检测大肠杆菌O157:H7的实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(real time polymerase chainreaction,RT-PCR)方法,针对大肠杆菌O157:H7的特异基因rfbE设计一对特异引物,建立SYBR GreenⅠ实时定量PCR检测方法,并进行灵敏度、重复性和特异性实验,同时与常规PCR方法进行比较。结果显示所建立的SYBRGreenⅠ实时定量PCR方法可以快速、特异地检测出大肠杆菌O157:H7,细菌纯培养物中其灵敏度可达2×101CFU/mL,临床模拟污染肉样中能最低能检测到1×102CFU/mL的大肠杆菌O157:H7。与常规PCR方法相比,SYBR GreenⅠ实时定量PCR方法对临床样品中大肠杆菌O157:H7的检出率大大提高。本研究建立的SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量PCR技术能快速准确、特异、敏感地检测大肠杆菌O157:H7。