炼油厂脱前原油换热网络的设备优化

利用夹点技术对某炼油厂脱前原油换热网络进行了改造。与原换热网络相比，换热网络的换热设备数目减少了4个，使设备数达到最优化，从而节省了设备的投资。     

夹点理论及其在换热网络中的优化分析

本文主要介绍了利用夹点技术设计换热网络的原则及需要注意的问题,并利用夹点技术对乙烯生产原有换热网络进行夹点分析,研究换热网络利用的瓶颈,找出换热网络不合理的环节和原因。经优化改造后新增4台换热设备,新增设备及改装费用约2 900万元,但每年节约公用工程费用2 949万元,回收期为一年,故改造合理,节能明显。     

夹点技术在分布式供能系统设计中的应用

为研究分布式供能系统中动力子系统和换热网络的设计,以爱德医院分布式供能系统为研究对象,采用夹点技术对分布式供能系统的冷热流进行分析,寻找出夹点的位置,分析了换热网络的改进策略,最后对换热网络进行了改进。研究结果表明,内燃机作为动力子系统具有很好的优势,且通过换热网络的优化设计,使热负荷需求减少了107.07kW,大大降低了能量的消耗,节能效果显著。     

基于最优夹点温差的换热网络优化设计

介绍了夹点技术基本原理及其在换热网络优化设计中的原则。利用ASPENPinch软件设计了一个有三股热股流、两股冷股流的换热网络，求得最优夹点温差是23．7℃，设计时取值23℃。夹点温差分别取10、23、30％进行换热网络初步优化设计，在相同换热器情况下，三者的总费用分别是44279、41931、42156美元／a。这证明采用最优夹点温差的换热网络经济性最好。     

基于夹点技术的航煤加氢换热网络优化

针对某航煤加氢装置现行换热网络夹点温差不合理导致能耗较大的现状,利用夹点技术对该装置换热网络进行分析、优化。在该装置实际工况下的夹点温差附近选取相应的夹点温差,计算出不同夹点温差对应换热网络的年总费用,得出年总费用最小的夹点温差,即最优夹点温差。在最优夹点温差的基础上生成新的换热网络,结果表明,节能效果显著。     

夹点技术在LNG分馏换热能量优化中的应用

在天然气液化技术工程化研究中,LNG分馏工艺较复杂,且设备种类较多,存在热量利用不充分,公用工程消耗量大的问题,为了节约能源需要对换热网络进行改进。先使用HYSYS软件对分馏工艺进行模拟,得出系统工艺参数,分析现有换热网络能量消耗,得到最小换热温差,再运用夹点技术对分馏区换热网络提出了改造方案。通过改进和优化,充分利用脱乙烷塔底物流的冷量,将分馏区热公用工程消耗量降低了15%,冷公用工程消耗量降低了8%,使用夹点技术对系统工艺和设备参数优化的研究得到了良好的节能效果。     

基于夹点技术的海上原油处理系统换热优化

为提升海上原油处理系统用能效率,减少燃料消耗量并降低污染物排放,采用夹点技术进行海上原油处理系统换热网络优化。概述夹点技术的基本原理和夹点确定计算方法,以我国某海上油田原油处理平台换热工艺为例,通过分析冷热物流特性,计算知最小传热温差为13℃时公用冷源降为0,并以此作为基础重新设计原油处理换热网络。优化后换热网络换热器数量维持不变,公用热源负荷由4 912.6 k W降至3 654.3 k W,无公用冷源需求,年可节省天然气用量133.1万m3(标准)。基于夹点技术设计原油处理换热工艺为工程设计阶段提供参考和依据。     

换热网络优化设计的研究进展

换热网络优化是化工生产中常遇到的一类问题,综述了换热网络优化设计的三种基本方法,分别指出了夹点技术、数学规划法和炯经济分析法的基本原理、应用领域、优缺点及其在国内外的发展状况,并对其作了展望,注重更接近于工程实际的考虑。     

水夹点设计与优化在工业节水中的应用

为提高工业水的重复利用率,以水的循环利用率最大为目标,运用水夹点设计与优化进行分析、综合和改造用水操作,做到可利用价值高的水进行再次利用,可利用价值低的水经过再生后再次利用,从而对过程用水进行用水网络最优化设计。水夹点设计与优化软件是采用Visual-Basic 6.0(VB)编写,它将水夹点技术原理直接转换成一个可以实际应用的软件,从而减少了应用水夹点技术繁琐的建模与复杂的计算分析,达到把理论直接转换为实践的目的,大大加快水夹点技术在工业节水中的应用。     

烧碱装置蒸汽换热网络系统的用能诊断

针对夹点技术被广泛应用于实际生产过程中的能效分析和节能改造情况,通过提取某氯碱厂烧碱生产现场蒸汽换热网络相关数据,利用Aspen软件对现场实测数据进行夹点分析和能效诊断,并找出换热网络能量利用的瓶颈所在。提出适合于实际生产的改造方法,所得结果可为工厂换热网络节能改造提供借鉴和指导。     

An approach for the optimum design of heat exchangers

In this paper, an approach for the optimum design of heat exchangers has been presented. Traditional design method of heat exchangers involves many trials in order to meet design specifications. This can be avoided through the present design method, which takes the minimization of annual total cost as a design objective. In alternative optimum design methods, such as Lagrange multiplier method, by changing one variable at a time and using a trial–error or a graphical method, optimum results are obtained in a long time. In the present design optimization problem, the total annual cost has been taken as the objective function and heat balance, and rate equation have been taken as equal constraint. The method using the penalty function transforms the constrained problem into a single unconstrained problem. To solve the optimal problem, the method of steepest descent has been used. Initial design variables include the tube‐inside coefficient of heat transfer, tube‐outside coefficient of heat transfer, temperature difference and outside tube area of heat transfer. The changes in variables are considered simultaneously to reach an optimum solution. The results show that the present approach is a powerful tool for optimum design of heat exchangers and is expected to be beneficial to energy industry. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimal performance characteristics of a solar-driven heat pump at maximum COP

The effect of the irreversibility of finite-rate heat transfer on the performance of a solar-driven heat pump is investigated by using the theory of finite time thermodynamics. Maximizing the COP of the system leads to some novel rules for the optimum choices of primary performance parameters, such as the operating temperatures of the solar collector and the working fluid in the heat exchangers and the heat transfer areas of the heat exchangers. These rules can guide the evaluation of existing real solar-driven heat pumps or influence the design of future solar-driven heat pumps.     

Enhancement in Evaporative Effectiveness of an Evaporative Tubular Heat Dissipator Using Experimental Design Approach

An experimental investigation of evaporative effectiveness and mass transfer coefficient on a bundle of tubes of an evaporative tubular heat dissipator is presented. Based on the experiments, correlations of evaporative effectiveness and mass transfer coefficient are derived using multiple regression analysis. A statistical model is developed to correlate the operating variables using design of experiment approach by selecting central composite design of a response surface methodology. Results shown in this article indicate that as the cooling film flow rate increases, evaporative effectiveness and mass transfer coefficient increases provided that the air flow rate is constant which is flowing from underneath the tubes of the evaporative tubular heat dissipator. Derived correlations are helpful in improvement of the design of heat transfer devices and many other engineering applications. Consideration of relative humidity of upstreaming air as one of the operating variables leads to the contribution to heat and mass transfer study of evaporative tubular heat dissipators in the present investigation.     

QQW-350Q型有机热载体气相炉的研制

介绍了QQW-350Q型有机热载体气相炉新产品的技术原理和结构特点，阐述了该炉型锅壳过热的原凶和防止方法，叙述了该炉存节能减排方面采取的措施。通过一年多的运行实践表明，该产品各项技术指标均达到或高于国家标准和设计要求，有效地满足了用户的要求。     

闭式深层海水供冷系统换热特性及优化设计研究

针对低纬度岛屿地区全年温度高、湿度大,空调全年运行时间长而常规能源运输成本高,传统高能耗空调系统难以适应的问题,提出一种利用深层海水供冷的闭式空调系统。根据换热特性的差异,将换热管道分为沿程垂直换热管道和海底换热盘管两部分,通过数值模拟研究管径、流速等参数对垂直管段和海底换热盘管段传热性能的影响。研究结果表明：垂直管段管径在0.6 m以内,流速在1~2 m/s范围可保证较高的换热性能;对于海底换热盘管段,最佳管径为0.025~0.050 m,最佳流速为0.4~0.8 m/s。在此基础上建立适用于垂直管段优化设计的费用年值数学模型,计算其比摩阻、流速,形成设计用水力计算表,并给出适用于海底换热盘管段工程设计的设计线算图及其修正公式。     

苹果差压预冷包装箱的传热数值计算与实验研究

针对苹果差压预冷问题，建立了预冷过程包装箱的传热模型，分别采用数值计算和实验的方法进行了研究。实验表明，本文建立的传热模型是可靠的。这种数值计算方法为实际工程苹果差压预冷系统的优化设计提供了理论依据。     

一般传热规律下广义不可逆卡诺热机的构形优化

在广义不可逆卡诺热机模型基础上,结合一般传热规律,得到了在有限结构材料条件下的热机构形优化特性,即最佳热导率的定量分配新的关系式。分析了内不可逆性和传热规律等因素对热机构形优化特性的影响,发现已有文献的结论是本文所得关系式的特例,所得结论可为热机优化设计提供理论指导。     

碳钢_水热虹隙管内部强化传热机理研究

在微层蒸发模型的理论基础上,对热虹吸管内部设置分流管结构强化沸腾传热者机理分析。建立分流管强化热哐吸管内部沸腾传热模型,同时选择七种不同的分流管开孔结构,与光滑管进行了对比实验研究,寻得最佳分流管结构,并综合大量实验数据建立强化沸腾传热准数方程式。     

波纹板强化换热装置中带水膜饱和烟气对流传热的实验研究

为了探讨糖厂的烟气水膜除尘耦合换热技术实施的可行性,建立了带水膜湿烟气与空气之间的换热实验装置,进行带水膜湿烟气的对流传热实验研究。在该换热装置中,烟气在矩形通道中流动并喷入雾化热水,通过换热面加热另一侧的空气,同时,在烟气侧通道安装波纹板强化单元,以强化热质传递。实验确定最佳液气比,通过改变波纹板峰高、波纹段高、段数及烟气流速,研究带水膜饱和烟气的对流传热系数。结果表明:饱和烟气对空气的换热量显著;最佳液气比为3.3~4.2 L/m~3;烟气流速和波纹板添加段数的增加显著增大对流传热系数。回归了最佳液气比下的传热准则关联式。     

ANN modeling of compact heat exchangers

This paper focuses on the heat transfer analysis of compact heat exchangers through artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN analysis includes heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop and Nusselt number in the compact heat exchangers by using available experimental results in a case study. In this study, data sets are established in 15 different test channel configurations. A feed‐forward back‐propagation algorithm is used in the learning process and testing the network. The learning process is applied to correlate the heat transfer analysis for different ratios of rib spacing and height, various Reynolds numbers, different inlet–outlet temperatures, heat transfer areas and hydraulic diameters. Various hidden numbers of the network are trained for the best prediction of the heat transfer analysis. Heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop and Nusselt number values are predicted by the network algorithm. The results are then compared with the experimental results of the case. The trained ANN results perform well in predicting the heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop and Nusselt number with an average absolute mean relative error of less than 6% compared with the experimental results for staggered cylindrical ribbed and staggered triangular ribbed of test channels in the case study. The ANN approach is found to be a suitable method for heat transfer analysis in compact heat exchangers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.