草分枝杆菌在赤铁矿表面的吸附能力

微生物在矿物表面的吸附能力是决定微生物能否用作选矿药剂的基础。通过单矿物试验和显微镜观察研究了草分枝杆菌对-30μm微细粒赤铁矿的浮选行为,结果表明：赤铁矿在草分枝杆菌浮选体系中均以絮团形式存在,草分枝杆菌用量和浮选pH值影响絮团的大小和紧密程度,进而影响赤铁矿的上浮率;pH值应控制在5～7、草分枝杆菌用量应控制在16mg／L左右。利用热重分析法分析了草分枝杆菌在赤铁矿表面的吸附情况,得出单位质量-30μm赤铁矿对草分枝杆菌的吸附量为0．0212g／g,草分枝杆菌在赤铁矿表面的包覆率为17．6％。     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌在硫化矿物表面的吸附

研究了氧化亚铁硫杆菌在黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿表面的吸附情况,结果表明,氧化亚铁硫杆菌在4种硫化矿物表面的吸附无明显选择性;溶液初始pH值对氧化亚铁硫杆菌在4种硫化矿物表面的吸附几乎无影响,但酸性环境有利于吸附的发生;细胞悬浮液浓度为0.1～1.0 g/L、矿浆浓度为15 g/L以上和温度为20～30 ℃是氧化亚铁硫杆菌在4种硫化矿物表面吸附的较适宜条件。扫描电子显微镜检测结果显示,氧化亚铁硫杆菌细胞表面的荚膜是重要的吸附位。红外光谱分析结果表明,氧化亚铁硫杆菌细胞表面含有-OH、-NH₂、C=O、C-O等活性基团,它们在吸附过程中起重要作用。     

在黄药作捕收剂浮选时用糊精作为黄铁矿的无毒抑制剂的研究

在敞开大气的体系中，用吸附量测定、动电位测定和微量浮选试验方法研究了糊精对黄铁矿浮选的抑制作用。糊精在黄铁矿上的吸附是通过与矿物表面氧化形成的三价铁的氢氧化物之间的特效反应而发生的。糊精的等电点为pH4，而黄铁矿等电点为6．4。当矿浆pH在4～6．4之间时，静电作用促使糊精在黄铁矿表面上吸附。糊精和黄药在黄铁矿表面上发生共吸附，由于黄铁矿表面具有不均匀性，因此糊精对黄铁矿抑制具有特殊的机理，即糊精对黄铁矿的抑制可能是由于糊精遮盖了矿物表面上由黄药离子吸附所产生的双黄药。试验结果表明，糊精对黄铁矿的抑制作用像氰化物一样有效。     

二异丁基二硫代次膦酸钠(Aerophine 3418A)与活化和未活化的方铅矿和黄铁矿的相互作用

采用Zeta电位、微量浮选和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FnR)等测量方法研究二异丁基二硫代次膦酸钠(DTPINa)与方铅矿和黄铁矿的作用机理。为了评价金属离子对两种矿物浮选的影响，将硫化矿物放在水中和含Pb^2 、Fe^2 或Fe^3 离子的溶液搅拌。试验结果表明，DTPINa以化学吸附机理吸附在方铅矿和黄铁矿表面上。捕收剂对矿物晶格中的铅组分或吸附在矿物表面上铅组分(如金属水解组分)具有明显的亲合力。铅离子吸附在黄铁矿表面上，因此促进捕收剂的吸附，降低了浮选选择性。DTPINa对铁矿物的亲合力较弱。     

氰化尾渣中黄铁矿与闪锌矿的浮选回收技术研究

在氰化钠抑制剂作用下,进行了黄铁矿、闪锌矿纯矿物在丁基黄药和乙硫氮体系下的浮选试验,为氰化尾渣中黄铁矿与闪锌矿的回收进行基础研究。并通过Zeta电位、红外光谱、接触角检测手段,确定硫化矿有氰浮选试验的最佳条件及相应的理论依据。试验结果表明:当pH值为6.0,乙硫氮浓度为6.0 mg/L时,氰化黄铁矿最大回收率达69.15%;而当pH值为9.0,丁基黄药浓度为10.0 mg/L时,氰化闪锌矿最大回收率达80.62%。接触角检测结果表明丁基黄药和乙硫氮的加入提高了氰化矿物表面的接触角。红外光谱检测结果表明丁基黄药和乙硫氮在氰化矿物表面发生了化学吸附。Zeta电位检测结果表明丁基黄药和乙硫氮在氰化矿物表面发生了静电吸附。     

黄铜矿与磁黄铁矿浮选分离行为及机理研究

通过黄铜矿与磁黄铁矿的单矿物浮选试验,研究矿浆pH、捕收剂丁黄药、抑制剂石灰对其浮选行为的影响。利用红外光谱、循环伏安测试技术,研究其浮选分离的机理。单矿物浮选试验结果表明黄铜矿和磁黄铁矿浮选分离的最佳条件为pH=10,丁黄药浓度为20 mg/L,石灰浓度为300 mg/L。红外光谱测试结果表明丁黄药在矿物表面氧化生成双黄药并通过化学吸附吸附在矿物表面,石灰在磁黄铁矿表面生成氢氧化钙和硫酸钙组成的钙膜。循环伏安测试表明在未添加丁黄药时黄铜矿表面氧化生成疏水的硫单质和硫化铜,磁黄铁矿表面会生成亲水的氢氧化物。     

一种新型有机抑制剂甘油基黄原酸钠对硫化矿抑制作用机理研究

设计并合成了一种可以抑制硫化矿的小分子有机抑制剂甘油基黄原酸钠,通过浮选试验考察了该抑制剂对硫化矿物的浮选抑制行为。结果表明,用丁黄药作捕收剂,在甘油基黄原酸钠存在下铁闪锌矿能被Cu^2＋活化从而具有良好的可浮性,而黄铁矿不能被Cu^2＋活化,从而实现两种矿物的选择性分离。通过动电位分析表明,甘油基黄原酸钠在有Cu^2＋存在条件下不能阻止丁黄药的阴离子在铁闪锌矿表面的吸附,但能阻止丁黄药的阴离子在黄铁矿表面的吸附,与浮选结果一致。     

硫化铜矿新型捕收剂PZO的浮选性能与机理

为检验广州有色金属研究院研制的新型硫化铜矿浮选捕收剂PZO在铜硫分离中的选择性,比较了PZO、丁基黄药和丁铵黑药在不同矿浆pH值、不同用量条件下分别浮选黄铜矿和黄铁矿单矿物的效果,并借助紫外可见分光光谱仪、红外光谱仪对PZO在黄铜矿、黄铁矿表面的吸附量和作用机理进行了研究。结果显示：①在试验pH范围内,丁基黄药、丁铵黑药、PZO对黄铜矿的捕收能力均强于对黄铁矿。②矿浆的酸碱度对黄铜矿可浮性的影响均较小,且黄铜矿回收率的高点在弱酸或弱碱性环境下,黄铁矿在酸性环境下的可浮性明显强于在碱性环境。③3种捕收剂的选择性强弱顺序为PZO＞丁铵黑药＞丁基黄药,在pH=8.5时,黄铜矿与黄铁矿的回收率差值可达68.19个百分点。④PZO是一种酯类浮选药剂,与黄铁矿相比,其更容易在黄铜矿表面吸附,且以化学吸附为主。以上结果表明,PZO在pH=8.5的环境下可高效分离黄铜矿与黄铁矿。     

联合使用碱和氧化剂分离毒砂与黄铁矿

本文提出了碱和氧化剂联合使用的方法分离毒砂与黄铁矿,并对其作用机理进行了研究。结果表明,氧化剂氧化后的硫化矿物,表面特性及可浮性发生了很大的变化,在碳酸钠作用下,可以实现毒砂和黄铁矿的分离。这主要是由于氧化剂选择性氧化抑制毒砂的同时,碱选择性地阻碍捕收剂在毒砂表面的吸附,并清洗黄铁矿表面因氧化而生成的不利于浮选的氧化产物。在该条件下,矿物表面的氧化产物和无碱时相同。     

磨矿过程硫化矿物表面电化学性质及其对浮选的影响

本文根据浮选电化学理论分析讨论了丁黄药和乙硫氮在方铅矿、闪锌矿及黄铁矿三种硫化矿物表面的电化学作用过程,分析了磨矿环境具有低电位还原气氛产生的原因。腐蚀电偶测定结果表明,磨球介质与硫化矿物之间、方铅矿与黄铁矿之间的原电池相互作用减弱了黄铁矿表面的捕收剂作用过程,有利于方铅矿与黄铁矿的浮选分离。浮选试验结果表明利用磨矿过程进行浮选的工艺有较大的优越性     

超声波清洗对方铅矿、闪锌矿和黄铁矿可浮性的影响

在进行单矿物可行性研究中,为消除硫化物矿物表面的氧化膜对可浮性的影响,浮选前常进行矿物的清洗。清洗时间短、工艺简单的超声波清洗是有效的方法之一。本文介绍了会泽铅锌矿6号矿体的三种硫化物矿物———方铅矿、闪锌矿和黄铁矿的超声波清洗方法,并结合单矿物的浮选试验,对超声波清洗前后矿物的可浮性做了对比研究。采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究了超声波清洗前后矿物的表面特征。试验结果表明,经超声波清洗后硫化物矿物的可浮性显著提高。     

新型有机抑制剂RC对黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿的抑制作用研究

研究了有机抑制剂RC对黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿的抑制作用。实验结果表明，RC对黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿均有较强的抑制作用。红外吸收光谱证明：RC分子结构中含有—COO^-、—SO3^-、—OH等多种官能团，黄药与RC之间存在一种竞争吸附的关系，在pH为10的环境中，吸附对RC有利，由于RC携带众多的亲水集团，使得矿物表面更易亲水，进而抑制矿物。     

硫化铅锌矿的新型硫抑制剂作用机理研究

硫化铅锌矿浮选过程常采用大量石灰抑制黄铁矿,造成矿浆pH过高、管道堵塞等问题,新型抑制剂HS-1替代部分石灰可实现铅锌硫的高效分离。为进一步完善HS-1与方铅矿、闪锌矿及黄铁矿的作用机理,基于纯矿物浮选试验结果,开展了HS-1抑制机理研究。结果表明：①矿浆pH=10时,以乙硫氮+丁铵黑药（物质的量之比2∶1）为组合捕收剂、HS-1为抑制剂,能有效抑制黄铁矿,部分抑制闪锌矿,而对方铅矿浮选行为基本无影响;②抑制剂HS-1对捕收剂在方铅矿表面的吸附几乎没有影响,减少了乙硫氮+丁铵黑药在闪锌矿表面的吸附量,能有效抑制组合捕收剂在黄铁矿表面的吸附量。③在pH=10时,HS-1和组合捕收剂先后与3种纯矿物作用后,矿物表面均出现了HS-1的红外特征吸收峰,方铅矿表面捕收剂的特征吸收峰无明显变化,闪锌矿及黄铁矿表面捕收剂的吸收特征峰消失,说明HS-1有效抑制了捕收剂在黄铁矿的吸附,并对闪锌矿产生一定抑制作用。     

The cell attachment and oxygen consumption of two strains of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is a chemolithoautotropic aerobic bacteria which derives energy for its metabolic functions through the oxidation of ferrous iron, sulfur and insoluble sulfides minerals.The attachment of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cells to sulfide mineral surfaces was investigated to further understand the mechanism involved in the leaching of sulfide minerals. Two strains of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (DSM 583 and ATCC 23270) grown on ferrous iron, sulfur and a chalcopyrite concentrate were investigated on three sulfide mineral surfaces; pyrite, chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite. The degree of attachment of all substrate grown cells along with contact angle measurements of both minerals and cells were determined to evaluate the effect of growth substrate and hydrophobic interactions on the attachment process. In addition, concentrations of both ferrous iron and the flotation collector potassium amyl xanthate were also studied. Whilst sulfur grown cells exhibited a higher degree of hydrophobicity, both ferrous iron and chalcopyrite grown cells showed a greater degree of attachment. This suggests hydrophobic interactions at the mineral/cell interface are not principally responsible for the attachment process. Differences in the adhesion of the two strains were also observed and suggests alternative interaction(s) between the cell and mineral surface is/are principally responsible for attachment. Increasing the concentration of ferrous iron as a growth substrate resulted in an increase in the degree of cell attachment. Correspondingly, increasing the concenrration of amyl xanthate decreased the adhesion of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.Growth substrate, solution pH, ferrous iron, copper and cobalt ion concentrations were also investigated with respect to the oxygen consumption of the two strains of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Enzyme reaction kinetics were also studied allowing for determination of Km values for ferrous iron similar to those previously reported. Whilst cells grown on ferrous iron were able to oxidise the iron substrate over the range 1–200mM, cells grown on 1% sulfur were unable to oxidise similar concentrations of the iron substrate. However, following a single subculture onto ferrous iron, sulfur grown cells were able to utilise the ferrous iron substrate all be it at a decreased rate. Investigation of solution pH suggested both cultures had different optimum pH values for ferrous iron oxidation. Increasing concentrations of copper and cobalt (1–100mM) proved to decrease the rate of iron oxidation.     

黄药类捕收剂与载金黄铁矿的作用机理研究

研究了黄药类捕收剂在载金黄铁矿表面上的吸附机理。浮选试验结果表明, 乙黄药、丁黄药和Y-89用量为20～40 mg/L时, 载金黄铁矿上浮率能达到80%~90%; 矿浆pH值对载金黄铁矿可浮性影响较大, 在pH=4～8条件下, 载金黄铁矿可浮性较好, pH>8后, 可浮性下降; 黄药类(乙黄药、丁黄药、Y-89)捕收剂对亚铁离子具有较好的选择性, 对金离子选择性较小。吸附量试验结果表明, 捕收剂在载金黄铁矿表面吸附量随着药剂浓度增大基本呈线性增加, 且随着pH值增加逐渐降低, 在酸性条件下, 吸附量较大, 当pH>8后, 吸附量快速降低。载金黄铁矿与黄药类捕收剂作用前后的红外光谱表明, 捕收剂在载金黄铁矿表面产生了吸附。     

Finely Dispersed Micro- and Nano-Gold Recovery Using Thermomorphic Polymer with Diphenylphosphine

The article reports test data on adsorption and flotation characteristics of thermomorphic polymer joined with diphenylphosphine—TMPD. The test materials are natural pyrite and arsenopyrite, and models of gold-bearing sulfide minerals. Electron microscopy and X-ray structure analysis prove that reductive adsorption of gold at the surface of sulfide minerals from HAuCl₄ solution allows modeling natural aggregates of sulfides and finely dispersed gold. UV spectrophotometry proves selective adsorption of TMPD at gold. Laser scanning microscopy shows connection of TMPD with micro- and nano-size gold on polished sections of pyrite and arsenopyrite. During monomineral flotation, joint use of TMPD and butyl xanthate at a ratio of 1:1 doubles the yield of gold-bearing sulfides and enables maximum recovery of gold minerals at the total consumption of reagents reduced by 30–50%. It is found that TMPD is selective relative to gold-bearing minerals and its combination with xanthate ensures a considerable increment in gold-bearing mineral recovery by flotation.     

Influence of the attachment of acidophilic bacteria during the oxidation of mineral sulfides

Acidophilic bacteria found in mining environments are capable of oxidising insoluble sulfide minerals. The use of these bacteria during the oxidation of various mineral sulfides has received significant commercial interest.The attachment of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and moderately thermophilic bacteria to sulfide minerals was investigated to further understand the mechanism(s) involved in the leaching of sulfide minerals. T.ferrooxidans (DSM 583 and ATCC 23270) and four strains of moderate thermophilic bacteria, Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans, (strain TH1) and Sb.acidophilus (strains THWX, ALV and YTFI) all grown on ferrous iron, sulfur and a chalcopyrite concentrate (termed chalconc) were investigated using 3 sulfide mineral systems; pyrite, a chalcopyrite concentrate (chalconc) and an arsenic containing concentrate (termed arsenoconc). The degree of attachment of all substrate-grown cells along with contact angle measurements of both minerals and cells were determined in order to evaluate the effect of the growth substrate and the hydrophobic interactions on the attachment process. The attachment of both the mesophiles and moderate thermophiles were found to be dependant on the type of growth substrate, the substrate concentration and also the type of mineral studied. Whilst sufur-grown T. ferrooxidans (DSM 583) cells exhibited a higher degree of hydrophobicity, both ferrous iron and chalconc-grown cells showed a greater degree of attachment. This suggests that hydrophobic interactions are not principally responsible for the attachment of T. ferrooxidans to mineral sutfides. However, each moderately thermophilic strain exhibited greater attachment to the mineral sulfides when cultured on either the chalconc sample or elemental sulfur and all showed greater adhesion to the pyrite and arsenoconc samples than to the chalconc sample. Separate shake flask leaching of the sulfide samples T. ferrooxidans and Sb. thermosulfidooxidans (TH1) respectively in conjunction with the results of the attachment studies suggested that the leaching of mineral sulfides was a combination of both the direct and indirect mechanisms.     

Electrokinetic properties of pyrite,arsenopyrite and quartz in the absence and presence of cationic collectors and their flotation behaviour

This paper contains the results of Hallimond tube flotation tests conducted with pyrite arsenopyrite and quartz using a cationic type collector called hexyl thioethylamine, as well as the results of electrophoretic mobility (E.M.) tests for the same minerals measured under various conditions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of surface charge of sulphide minerals on the attachment mechanism of a cationic collector. In this regard, the influence of pH and collector concentration on the electrophoretic mobilities of pyrite, arsenopyrite and quartz were monitored. The mobility measurements at various pH values were made in the absence and presence of collector, and the effect of collector concentration on the electrophoretic mobility was determined at constant pH. The results were evaluated in terms of flotation, electrophoretic mobility, adsorption and IR data. The experimental results indicate that flotation of pyrite induced by hexyl thioethylamine is not dependent on the surface charge of the particle.     

Adsorption of O-isopropyl-N-ethyl thionocarbamate on Cu sulfide ore minerals

The adsorption of the flotation collector O-isopropyl-N-ethyl thionocarbamate on air-exposed Cu metal, cuprite, chalcocite, covellite, cubanite, chalcopyrite, bornite and pyrite at pH ∼6 has been investigated primarily by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that Cu^I oxide and sulfide surfaces conditioned in the collector solution were hydrophobic, regardless of whether the collector adsorbed as the anion (IPETC⁻), in protonated form (HIPETC), or as multilayer CuIPETC patches. The Cu^I native oxide layer on the metal was largely unaffected by the adsorbed collector. For surfaces at which chemisorption occurred, interaction of the S in the collector was directly with Cu in the metal or mineral surface, rather than via O. Apart from chalcocite, the main species adsorbed from the collector solution on to Cu^I oxide surfaces were different from those adsorbed on the sulfide minerals, in that the N was predominantly deprotonated in the former and protonated in the latter. On chalcocite, comparable amounts of IPETC and HIPETC were adsorbed. Adsorbed HIPETC was in good electrical contact with the surface of cubanite, chalcopyrite and bornite, presumably because of direct interaction with the mineral rather than adsorption on top of chemisorbed IPETC or FeOOH. Collector coverage of the Cu minerals correlated with the availability of CuOH_surf with which HIPETC could react. Coverage by collector adsorbed as HIPETC on pyrite surfaces was low, but not negligible, nevertheless conditioned abraded pyrite surfaces were not obviously hydrophobic.     

典型铜铅锌硫化矿的表面氧化机理研究进展

方铅矿、闪锌矿和黄铜矿是三种典型的硫化矿物,且矿物表面氧化程度和氧化产物的类型对其浮选行为有显著影响.以方铅矿、闪锌矿和黄铜矿为研究对象,介绍了铜铅锌硫化矿的表面特性,总结了三种典型硫化矿物的表面氧化机理,旨在为铜铅锌硫化矿物的表面选择性氧化、浮选行为调控及高效浮选分离提供一定的参考.