表面活性剂在油田中的应用

系统介绍了表面活性剂在油田上的应用,主要包括油田水处理用表面活性剂、提高石油采收率用表面活性剂、油气集输用表面活性剂、钻井用表面活性剂、油气开采用表面活性剂等,并总结各种表面活性剂的研究现状和发展趋势。     

油田用表面活性剂的现状及发展趋势

按照油田化学品的分类方法,根据用途可将油田用表面活性剂分为钻井用表面活性剂、油气开采用表面活性剂、提高采收率表面活性剂、油气集输用表面活性剂和水处理用表面活性剂等.……     

钻井液用表面活性剂的研究与应用进展

油气是现代化工行业的重要原材料,油气的开采受到了非常广泛的关注。油气储存于地下,通常情况下,开采油气前要通过油气钻井平台钻出一口油井。在钻井过程中,为了提高钻井工作的效率,会用到大量的表面活性剂,使用量最大当属钻井液用表面活性剂,通常占活性剂总消耗量的60%。钻井液用表面活性剂又分为多个种类,对其分类进行了较为详细的介绍,并分析了钻井液用表面活性剂的研究现状和在未来钻井作业中的应用价值。     

表面活性剂在油田中的应用及新进展

综述了表面活性剂在钻井、油田处理、原油集输三个方面的应用及最新进展。同时指出了油田用表面活性剂的发展趋势。     

油田用双子表面活性剂的研究进展

简述了国内外油田用双子表面活性剂研究现状,重点介绍了国内的最新研究进展,并探讨了双子表面活性剂在油田中应用的可行性.认为双子表面活性剂优异的性能使其在油田领域具有良好的应用前景.     

表面活性剂在石油工程中的应用研究进展

表面活性剂在石油工程的油气钻井、开采及储运中均有很广泛的应用。综述了表面活性剂在石油工程中的研究及应用现状,由于国内一些大型油气藏已到开采后期,油田采收率较低,利用表面活性剂可以提高采收率。高分子类型的表面活性剂既能提高波及系数,又能提高洗油效率,是很好的驱油助剂。目前不少油田在开采低渗透油藏以及页岩油气藏,压裂液助剂的开发研究是现在及将来的一个研究热点。     

油气开采用表面活性剂研究的新进展

随着油田开发程度加深,常规油藏可采储量越来越少,深部挖潜价值越来越低。人们不得不把目光投向高温高盐、低渗特低渗、超稠油等非常规、条件苛刻的油藏。如何采取有效措施提高上述非常规油藏的采收率已成为当今油田开发的重点之一。为满足这些非常规油藏提高采收率的需求,采油表面活性剂的研究也在不断地深入开展。同时,在当前油价形势下,节能增效、降低无效循环已成为油田开发的另一重点。结合上述两个重点问题,讨论了油气开采用表面活性剂研究的新进展。     

中国油田化学品协会成立庆祝大会暨2009中国油田化学品发展研讨会通知

主办单位:全国表面活性剂行业委员会全国工业表面活性剂理事委员会全国工业表面活性剂中心支持单位:中国石油和化工协会协办单位:中国石油大学(华东)南京石油化工股份有限公司广州瑞洋表面活性剂有限公司承办单位:中国石油大学(华东)大连界面化学技术有限公司大会内容:宣布中国油田化学品协会组成人员名单(因为在油田用化学品中,用的品种最多的化学品是表面活性剂,故以全国工业表面活性剂中心中国表面活性剂数据库中5000多种国产表面活性剂作为为油田提供产品的基础,在全国工业表面活性剂理事会举办的历届22次全国工业表面活性剂发展研讨会中涌现出的200多位专家教授     

双子表面活性剂类清洁压裂液的研究进展

压裂技术是提高低渗透油气藏生产能力和油气井采收率的重要手段,而压裂液是影响压裂效果的关键因素。相较于水基植物胶压裂液和以单链表面活性剂为稠化剂的传统清洁压裂液,双子表面活性剂类清洁压裂液在耐温、携砂和保护油气层等使用性能上更具优势,是新一代清洁压裂液发展重点。本文综述了双子表面活性剂类清洁压裂液制备、性能及应用的研究进展,分析比较了阳离子双子表面活性剂类清洁压裂液、阴离子双子表面活性剂类清洁压裂液、两性双子表面活性剂类清洁压裂液等的优缺点,讨论了双子表面活性剂类清洁压裂液在油田领域的应用现状：阳离子双子表面活性剂类清洁压裂液的制备方法成熟,耐温性能较好,可以应用于中高温油田,但是其生产成本较高;阴离子双子表面活性剂类清洁压裂液能有效减少表面活性剂在地层的吸附损失,降低储层渗透率伤害,但是其合成条件苛刻,耐温性不高,适用于中低温油田;两性双子表面活性剂类清洁压裂溶液的耐温性好,但是其制备过程繁琐、成本高,难以大规模推广应用。对双子表面活性剂类清洁压裂液的研究前景进行了展望：发展低成本的合成方法及耐高温双子表面活性剂类清洁压裂液的制备及应用。     

我国油田化学品的现状与发展前景(一)

综述了钻井液处理剂、三次采油用油田化学剂、特殊油气田开采用化学剂和三次采油采出液破乳剂的研究与应用现状、现存问题和发展趋势。驱油用表面活性剂的发展趋势是改进传统表面活性剂、开发新型表面活性剂和研究表面活性剂复配技术。在稠油热采方面应用的表面活性剂应提高耐温性,研制高效、环保的破乳剂是三次采油采出液破乳剂的发展趋势。     

国内外强化采油用表面活性剂研究进展

中国石油对外依存度持续上升,而采收率持续下降。中国剩余石油储量中大部分为高温高盐、低渗透、稠油油藏等难以开采的苛刻油藏。化学驱强化采油技术目前所使用的石油磺酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐等常规表面活性剂由于活性低、耐盐性差而导致低效甚至无效。综述了新型表面活性剂,如阴-非离子表面活性剂、双子及寡聚表面活性剂、甜菜碱型两性表面活性剂、高分子表面活性剂、烷基糖苷表面活性剂、黏弹性表面活性剂、生物表面活性剂、阴阳离子混合表面活性剂等的研究进展。讨论了国内外强化采油用表面活性剂评价方法的差异。最后,对采油用表面活性剂的发展方向进行了展望。     

氟表面活性剂在油田领域的应用

概述了氟表面活性剂在油田钻井、采油和集输领域的应用。氟表面活性剂具有高表面活性、高热稳定性、高化学稳定性和憎水憎油性等特点,被广泛用作油田钻井中的降滤失剂、助排剂;油田采油中的驱油添加剂、原油破乳剂、酸液缓蚀剂;油田集输中的稠油降黏剂、原油降凝剂、原油蒸发抑制剂、燃油增效剂、油罐防腐剂;也可作为油田污水杀菌剂。开发新型氟表面活性剂类油田化学品具有一定的经济和社会效益。引用文献23篇。     

我国复合驱用表面活性剂研究进展

改性木质素磺酸盐只能用作助剂，其他磺酸盐类表面活性剂已进入中试生产阶段，但由于原料和工艺和复杂性，产品性能尚不稳定，植物羧酸盐和源麻油酸烷醇酰胺生产工艺简单，有良好应用前景。高分子表面活性剂正在发展之中。介绍了形成超低界面张力的不同源油和不同表面活性剂复合体系。探讨了表面生剂种类和浓度、碱浓度矿化度，聚合物、原油留分、二价阳离子和非离子表面活性剂等对界面张力的影响。给出了一 动态界面张力和超低界面     

Some characteristics of polyoxyethylene sorbitol tetra-oleate: Oligomer type emulsifier

Polyoxyethylene (P) sorbitol tetra-oleates with molecular weights of 2000 to 4000 were synthesized. They may be regarded as tetramers of those ordinary surfactants that consist of one hydrophilic and one hydrophobic group. Some emulsifying properties of the tetrameric surfactants were investigated including the phase inversion temperature (PIT, HLB-temperature). These surfactants are effective at relatively low concentration, they are stable for coalescence, and they are less irritating than conventional surfactants. Specifically, they proved to be good emulsifiers for unsaturated triglycerides such as olive oil. The mean droplet diameter of the emulsion was small, 1.5 microns. The emulsifying activity of these oligomer type surfactants for olive oil was improved markedly by the addition of 0.2–0.9 wt % of sodium oleate. Such effective performances of these surfactants have not been recognized in ordinary surfactants. It is expected that these oligomer type surfactants may find applications in various industrial fields.     

中国油脂基表面活性剂的研究与开发

综合评述了我国油脂基表面活性剂的研究与开发,包括基础油化学品和油脂基表面活性剂研究开发的历史和现状,生产厂家及其采用的工艺特点、技术来源、生产能力以及中国油脂基表面活性剂工业的发展方向等。     

Enhancing oil–solid and oil–water separation in heavy oil recovery by CO2-responsive surfactants

Interfacial properties are of critical importance to various separation applications. In heavy oil recovery, for example, a low oil–water interfacial tension (IFT) benefits the separation of heavy oil from their host rocks, which becomes problematic in the later stage of oil–water separation. CO₂-responsive surfactants were investigated to enhance the overall heavy oil recovery by switching their interfacial activity to the desired state in each stage. The surfactants at interfacially active state greatly enhanced the separation of heavy oil from hosting solids, as demonstrated by measuring contact angle and oil liberation using a custom-designed on-line visualization system. Meanwhile, the resulting heavy oil-in-water emulsions could also be easily demulsified by the bubbling of CO₂ gas, which switched off the interfacial activity of the surfactants. Furthermore, CO₂-responsive surfactants could be partially recycled in process water to improve sustainability, making CO₂-responsive surfactants to be promising chemical aids in heavy oil production and many other vital industries.     

Extended Surfactants Including an Alkoxylated Central Part Intermediate Producing a Gradual Polarity Transition—A Review of the Properties Used in Applications Such as Enhanced Oil Recovery and Polar Oil Solubilization in Microemulsions

The research published in the past half century indicates that surfactant interfacial performance in producing low tension or high solubilization with polar oils is not generally attained with pure conventional species exhibiting well-defined polar and nonpolar parts. The improvement trends reached with surfactant mixtures as well as the introduction of additives like cosurfactants and linkers lead to the introduction of the so-called extended surfactants, whose structure includes an intermediate polarity spacer between the hydrophilic head and the lipophilic tail. Recent investigations on different kinds of surfactants in a variety of applications—such as detergency, cosmetics, enhanced oil recovery or crude demulsifying, and vegetable oil extraction—indicate that these extended surfactants are likely to be particularly performing with oils containing polar groups, such as triacylglycerols and asphaltenic crudes. Possible applications of extended surfactants in enhanced oil recovery, crude emulsion breaking, detergency and cleaning, medicine and cosmetics vehicles, and natural oil extraction as well as some other cases are quickly reviewed.     

A New Series of Double-Chain Single-Head Sulfobetaine Surfactants Derived from 1,3-Dialkyl Glyceryl Ether for Reducing Crude Oil/Water Interfacial Tension

A new series of sulfobetaine surfactants with double-chain single-head structure were derived from 1,3-dialkyl glyceryl ethers and their performances in reducing Daqing crude oil/connate water interfacial tension (IFT) in the absence of alkali were studied. With a large hydrophilic head group and double hydrophobic chains, these surfactants are efficient at reducing crude oil/connate water IFT. Those with didecyl and dioctyl are good hydrophobic surfactants that can reduce Daqing crude oil/connate water to ultra-low IFT by mixing with a small molar fraction of various conventional single-chain hydrophilic surfactants, such as α-olefin sulfonates, dodecyl polyoxyethylene (10) ether, and cetyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine. The asymmetric double-chain sulfobetaine derived from 1-decyl-3-hexyl glyceryl ether can reduce Daqing crude oil/connate water IFT to ultra-low solely over a wide concentration range (0.03–10 mM or 0.0017–0.58 wt.%), which allows for use of an individual surfactant instead of mixed surfactants to avoid chromatographic separation in the reservoir. In addition, formulations rich in sulfobetaine surfactants show low adsorption on sandstone, keeping the negatively charged solid surface water-wet, and forming crude oil-in-water emulsions. These new sulfobetaine surfactants are, therefore, good candidates for surfactant-polymer flooding free of alkali.     

Application of surfactants in the petroleum industry

Surfactants are used throughout the petroleum industry. Some of those uses are mentioned in this paper. Market growth in surfactants for refinery products probably will be small. More rapid growth is anticipated for surfactants used in the oil field. A large potential market exists for surfactants in enhanced oil recovery, but many technical and economic problems remain to be solved. However, it would seem, as we enter the last decades of the “petroleum age,” that enough of those technical problems will be solved and that the oil we leave behind will become valuable enough to allow some methods of enhanced oil recovery to become economical, commercial processes.