MGOs/MSFCM协同增强PF力学性能研究

分别采用经γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)改性的氧化石墨烯(MGOs)和剑麻纤维素微晶(MSFCM)与酚醛树脂(PF)进行熔融共混,通过辊炼、模压成型方法制备MGOs-MSFCM/PF复合材料,研究MGOs的含量对MGOs-MSFCM/PF复合材料的力学、应力松弛、蠕变及摩擦性能的影响。结果表明:与MSFCM/PF复合材料相比,经过MGOs-MSFCM协同增强的PF复合材料的力学、蠕变和应力松弛性能均有明显提高,且当MGOs质量分数为3%时,MGOs-MSFCM/PF复合材料的冲击强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量、松弛模量分别提高了13.2%,14.1%,27.8%,19.5%。     

BPR/PF复合材料的热性能和动态力学性能

采用硼酚醛树脂(BPR)与普通酚醛树脂(PF)熔融共混挤出制备BPR/PF树脂,通过模压成型工艺制备BPR/PF复合材料。利用热失重(TG)、动态力学性能(DMA)研究不同BPR含量对复合材料热性能、动态力学性能、蠕变和应力松弛性能的影响。结果表明,BPR能显著增强树脂的热性能。700℃,BPR加入质量分数50份时,BPR/PF的残炭率达到了58%,而PF的残炭率只有38.29%,共混复合材料的储能模量提高了28%;玻璃化转变温度提高了18.3℃;复合材料的蠕变和应力松弛性能也得到了提高。     

GO的加入方式对GO/PF复合材料性能的影响

分别采用原位聚合、物理共混和球磨方法制备氧化石墨烯(GO)/酚醛树脂(PF)复合材料,研究GO的不同加入方式对GO/PF复合材料的热性能、力学性能、动态力学性能、蠕变和应力松弛的影响。研究结果表明:通过原位聚合法,GO/PF复合材料初始分解温度比纯酚醛树脂提高了43.8℃,冲击强度提高了18.6%;通过球磨法,GO/PF原位复合材料的玻璃化转变温度提高了7.9℃,蠕变性能和松弛模量分别提高了64.7%和58.6%,表明GO的加入方式对GO/PF复合材料的结构和性能具有较大的影响。     

表面改性对酚醛树脂/氧化石墨烯复合材料的力学性能与摩擦性能的影响

采用硅烷偶联剂KH550对氧化石墨烯(GO)进行表面改性,制备改性的氧化石墨烯(MGO),采用FTIR和XRD对MGO进行结构表征,通过共混、混炼、模压成型工艺制备酚醛树脂(PF)/MGO复合材料,研究GO的表面改性对PF复合材料的力学性能、动态力学性能和摩擦性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料的磨损表面进行形貌分析。结果表明:GO的表面改性对提高PF复合材料的力学和动态力学性能、摩擦学性能具有明显效果,相比于未改性的PF/GO复合材料,其冲击强度提高了24.32%,弯曲强度提高了10.95%,弯曲模量提高了21.21%,松弛模量提高了42.22%,形变率降低了40.79%,同时改性的PF/MGO复合材料具有较高的摩擦系数和磨损率;扫描电镜观察结果显示,复合材料的磨损表面显得平整、光滑。     

剑麻纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料力学性能的研究

采用剑麻纤维(SF)与酚醛树脂(PF)混合、辊炼、模压成型,制备SF/PF复合材料,并对其复合材料的冲击强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量等进行测试。结果表明,剑麻纤维的表面处理方式、纤维的含量、纤维的长度以及与玻璃纤维混杂对复合材料体系力学性能影响较大。     

剑麻纤维素微晶增强聚丙烯复合材料的性能研究

以硅烷偶联剂(KH550)改性后的剑麻纤维素微晶(SFCM)为增强材料改性聚丙烯(PP),以聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)为二者的相容剂,采用熔融共混法制备PP/SFCM复合材料,研究了SFCM对PP/SFCM复合材料的力学性能、耐热性、流动性及熔融结晶行为的影响。力学性能测试表明,SFCM的加入可有效改善PP的强度和刚性,当SFCM的质量份数为9份时,复合材料的力学性能最佳,其拉伸强度和拉伸模量分别提高了15.3%和22.6%,弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别提高了24.6%和35.4%,缺口冲击强度提高了14.9%。热性能及流动性能测试表明,SFCM可提高PP/SFCM复合材料的维卡软化温度,而降低材料的熔体流动速率。DSC研究表明,SFCM可提高复合材料的熔融温度、结晶温度及结晶度。     

BPR含量对BPR/SF/PF复合材料摩擦磨损性能和力学性能的影响

将硼酚醛树脂(BPR)与普通酚醛树脂(PF)熔融共混,再加入经过碱处理的剑麻纤维(SF),通过模压成型工艺制备BPR/SF/PF复合材料。利用定速式摩擦试验机和电子万能试验机研究了BPR含量对复合材料摩擦磨损性能及力学性能的影响,采用扫描电镜观察了复合材料磨损表面的形貌。结果表明:在BPR/PF=50/100时,与普通PF/SF复合材料相比,BPR/SF/PF复合材料在300℃下的磨损率降低了42%,冲击强度提高了14%,弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别提高了25%和36%;复合材料磨损面形貌显示,加入BPR后,复合材料由疲劳磨损转变为磨粒磨损。     

LDPE/剑麻纤维素微晶复合材料性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)/剑麻纤维素微晶(SFCM)复合材料,研究了SFCM的用量对LDPE/SFCM复合材料的力学性能、维卡软化点、熔体流动速率及熔融结晶行为的影响。力学性能测试表明:SFCM的加入可明显提高基体LDPE的拉伸弹性模量、弯曲强度及模量,但降低了体系的拉伸强度。当加入3份的SFCM时,LDPE/SFCM复合材料的缺口冲击强度最大,为46.9 k J/m~2,比纯LDPE提高了33.2%。热性能、流动性能及DSC研究表明:SFCM的加入对LDPE/SFCM复合材料的维卡软化点、熔融温度及结晶温度影响不明显,但降低了复合材料的熔体流动速率,同时LDPE的结晶度明显提高。     

碳纳米管对酚醛树脂/碳纤维复合材料力学性能的影响

利用碳纳米管(CNTs)对酚醛树脂(PF)进行改性,研究了CNTs含量对PF/碳纤维(CF)复合材料力学性能的影响。研究表明,CNTs能够明显提高PF/CF复合材料的力学性能,当CNTs的含量为0.5%时,复合材料的弯曲强度达到最大值(891.8MPa),与未加入CNTs时相比提高了168.4MPa,而弯曲弹性模量降低了9.5GPa;当CNTs的含量为1.5%时,复合材料的压缩强度、层间剪切强度、冲击强度均达到最大值,与未加入CNTs时相比,分别提高了10.4%、79.2%、71.9%。     

HDPE/SFCM复合材料的性能研究

以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)为基体,剑麻纤维素微晶(SFCM)为改性剂,采用熔融法制备HDPE/SFCM复合材料,研究了SFCM的用量对HDPE/SFCM复合材料的力学性能、热性能、熔体流动性、熔融结晶行为和断面形貌的影响。结果表明,SFCM的加入可明显提高HDPE/SFCM复合材料的拉伸模量、弯曲强度及弯曲模量,但对材料的拉伸强度影响不明显,且降低了材料的冲击韧性。同时,SFCM的加入可小幅提高复合材料的维卡软化点,降低材料的熔体流动速率,对材料的熔融温度及结晶温度影响不大,但可提高HDPE的结晶度。当加入12份的SFCM时,HDPE/SFCM复合材料的拉伸模量、弯曲强度及弯曲模量比HDPE的分别提高了138.1%,21.1%,33.3%,其结晶度比基体HDPE提高了20.5%。     

Mechanical pressing

The major current movement of screw presses into the U.S. vegetable oil field is as prepresses. Except for highly industrialized nations outside the U.S., the screw press retains a major part of the oilseed processing market. The three essential requirements for efficient extraction are discussed, including operating parameters for various oilseeds. The trend is toward larger capacity screw presses.     

Mechanical extraction

The mechanical screw press was the principal means of extracting vegetable oilseeds in the United States from the 1930s through the 1940s and 1950s. Then the utilization of solvent extraction cut drastically into their use for full extraction, but created a great demand for screw presses for prepressing of high oil content seeds for solvent extraction. However, use of the screw press for full extraction has been increasing over the years in the less developed countries, and is the main modern machine utilized for some products such as palm fruit. Today ever larger and more efficient machines are being developed for full extraction and pre-pressing of vegetable oilseeds and fruits.     

催化剂颗粒的力学性能与机械强度

本文将弹性力学方法引入催化剂颗粒应力分布的计算。实验结果表明,催化剂材料的应力应变关系弹性材料的特征,催化剂材料的强度判据可采用最大剪应力准则;催人瓣力学性能数据中,弹性模量基本上为常数,泊松系数则明显地随应变变化,这种现象充分表明了多孔催化剂材料随外界压力的变化自动调节其内部率这一本质特征。在实验结果的基础上,本文给出了镍催化剂（以水泥作粘合剂）的力学性能数据,并对三种异形催化剂颗粒的侧向承载能     

Mechanical and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Photocrosslinked Norbornene-Thiol Copolymer Films

A number of novel organic norbornene and norbornene siloxane polymer precursors have been synthesized as part of an on-going research project to produce a non-acrylate, UV-curable adhesive system. These precursors (monomers or oligomers) are di-, tri- and tetra-functional. The crosslinking agent is a multifunctional thiol.

The organic norbornene systems, formulated to stoichiometry, have been characterized using thermal, static and dynamic mechanical analysis. We have found that norbornene ester systems have a range of physical properties, with tensile moduli ranging from 820-2300 MPa (118-350 kpsi), tensile strengths of 17-61 MPa (2.5-8.8 kpsi) and elongations of 4-100%. Glass transition temperatures range from 30-71°C for samples cured at room temperature with a dose of 620 mJ/cm².

Norbornene siloxanes crosslinked with thiol siloxanes have been formulated with increasing levels of a high surface area reinforcing agent. Tensile properties of filled films show that filler loading to 30 wt% significantly increases peak stress and elongation to break above that of 25 wt% filler. The addition of filler did not appear to increase the T_g of the films in this series monotonically. Increased levels of filler were found to produce films with a broadened cold crystallization range and an increased melting temperature.     

泡沫塑料主要力学性能及其力学模型

描述发泡塑料力学性能的模型,讨论了普通发泡塑料的力学性能以及它和发泡塑料密度的关系。并且比较了硬质聚氨酯(RPUR)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)泡沫塑料的主要力学性能随密度的变化。最后介绍了微孔发泡塑料的几项优良的力学性能。     

Mechanical oil extraction

Competitive pieces of equipment for full-pressing and prepressing oilseeds are described. “Enhanser” machines to treat seeds before solvent extraction considerably increase the capacity of the solvent extraction system.     

机械粉碎法制备纳米HMX及其机械感度研究

采用机械粉碎法制备了纳米HMX,用纳米激光粒度仪和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对其粒度分布、颗粒的大小和形貌进行了表征,测试了原料HMX和纳米HMX的摩擦感度、撞击感度和冲击波感度.结果表明,制备的HMX粒径基本小于100 nm;与原料HMX相比,纳米HMX的摩擦感度有较大幅度降低,撞击感度和冲击波感度分别降低107.0％和62.1％,安全性明显提高.     

Mechanical properties of graphyne

Carbon nanotubes and graphene have paved the way for the next step in the evolution of carbon materials. Among the novel forms of carbon allotropes is graphyne – a two-dimensional lattice of sp–sp²-hybridized carbon atoms similar to graphene for which recent progress has been made in synthesizing dehydrobenzoannulene precursors that form subunits of graphyne. Here, we characterize the mechanical properties of single-atomic-layer graphyne sheets by full atomistic first-principles-based ReaxFF molecular dynamics. Atomistic modeling is carried out to determine its mechanical properties for both in-plane and bending deformation including material failure, as well as intersheet adhesion. Unlike graphene, the fracture strain and stress of graphyne depends strongly on the direction of the applied strain and the alignment with carbon triple-bond linkages, ranging from 48.2 to 107.5 GPa with ultimate strains of 8.2–13.2%. The intersheet adhesion and out-of-plane bending stiffnesses are comparable to graphene, despite the density of graphyne being only one-half of that of graphene. Unlike graphene, the sparser carbon arrangement in graphyne combined with the directional dependence on the acetylenic groups results in internal stiffening dependent on the direction of applied loading, leading to a nonlinear stress–strain behavior.     

时间制造者

在世界各地,总有一群把自己手艺看作是灵魂的人,机械钟表修理师便是其一。他们数十年如一日坚守在自己的工作室,时光在他们身上流逝,也在他们手中留驻。马克思曾说钟表制造和维修是"复杂的劳动"。当电子产品充斥现代生活的每个角落时,已很难再见杂乱的钟表修理室和那些精细的工具了,更别提满头银发、戴着修理放大