太阳能制氢技术

近几年来，随着质子交换膜氢燃料电池技术获得前所未有的进展，氢燃料电池被视为最具潜力的环保汽车动力源，逐步走向商品化。氢燃料电池是利用氢和氧（或空气）直接经电化学反应产生电能。氢也可以直接燃烧放热。氢的热值（１４２０００kJ／kg）是石油热值（４８０００kJ／kg）的３倍。而且，氢的燃烧产物主要是水，具有无污染、无毒等环保优势，是矿物燃料无法比拟的。此外，科学家研究表明，在石油中加入５％的氢，可提高效率２０％，并减少９０％的致癌物；若用管道传送氢气到五六百公里外，要比电线输送同等能量的电力便宜九成。科学…     

生物质热化学转化制氢技术

生物质是一种重要的可再生能源，是氢的载体，与矿物燃料相比，具有挥发分高，硫、氮含量低等优点。无论是从能源角度还是从环境角度，发展生物质制氢技术都具有重要的意义。目前有关生物质制氢方面的研究主要集中在热化学转换法和生物法，文章从热化学转换的角度，进行了几种生物质制氢路线的技术经济分析预测。     

制氢方法

矿物燃料的广泛使用,已对全球环境造成威胁。因此,当前在设法降低现有常规能源（如煤、石油等）造成污染环境的同时,清洁能源的开发与应用是大势所趋。氢能是理想的清洁能源之一,已广泛引起人们的重视。本文所称“氢能”的涵义是指氢与氧化剂（如空气中的氧）发生化学反应放出的能量。氢本身无毒、无臭,与氧燃烧时产生纯净的水。氢不仅是一种清洁能源而且也是一种优良的能源载体,具有可储的特性。储能是合理利用能量的一种方式。太阳能、风能分散间歇发电装置及电网负荷的峰谷差或有大量廉价电能都可以转化为氢能储存,供需要时再使用…     

电解水制氢厂站经济性分析北大核心CSCD

氢能是支撑智能电网和可再生能源发电规模化的最佳能源载体,发展电解水制氢是实现碳减排的重要技术路径。当前,电解水制氢成本较高,尚不具备在工业、交通、建筑等领域大规模应用的竞争力。本文对电解水制氢厂站的全生命周期成本进行研究,比较不同技术路线下电解水制氢的成本构成。结果表明,设备购置成本、电力成本和设备耐久性是影响电解水制氢综合成本的关键因素。碱性电解槽由于具有更低的设备购置成本,综合制氢成本低于质子交换膜电解槽。提高电解槽运行温度、开发高效率电解槽以及提高电解槽耐久性可显著降低电解制氢厂站的全生命周期电耗,从而降低制氢综合成本。分析表明,每降低制氢电耗1 k Wh/Nm^(3),可降低氢气平准化成本幅度为1.1 P元/Nm^(3)(P是电价,元/kWh);当电价更低时,氢气的平准化成本也相应降低,电价降低0.01元/kWh,氢气平准化成本的降幅为0.057元/Nm^(3)。     

制氢技术

综述了几种主要的制氢技术及其发展现状,评述了各种制氢技术的发展前景。     

电解水制氢在电厂和氢能项目的设计应用

  目的  电解水制氢技术已普遍应用于燃煤电厂、燃气电厂和核电厂,也将更多地应用于可再生能源发电厂配套的氢能项目,有必要对制氢系统设计方案进行探讨。  方法  以某燃煤电厂和风力发电及太阳光伏发电厂配套氢能项目为例,依据相关标准规范的设计规定,阐述了相应的电解水制氢系统设计方案。  结果  碱性电解水制氢技术成熟、安全可靠,能为电厂氢冷发电机、加氢站和氢气用户持续提供满足纯度、湿度要求的氢气。  结论  文章旨在为更多电厂和氢能项目电解水制氢系统的设计提供可参考的方案。     

太阳能制氢技术

氢能是一种高效、无污染的新能源，利用可再生能源制氢是开发氢能源的有效途径。文章总结了国内外目前利用太阳能制氢技术的发展现状，介绍了利用光伏系统转化的电能电解水制氢和利用太阳能的热化学反应循环制氢2种清洁无污染的制氢工艺。     

氢能利用与制氢储氢技术研究现状

介绍氢能的利用方式与发达国家的氢能规划,综述了几种工业制氢方法和储氢技术及其主要特点,并探讨目前的制氢储氢技术对未来氢能开发利用的影响。     

碳中和愿景下绿色制氢技术发展趋势及应用前景分析

围绕目前主流的绿色制氢技术,综述国内外“绿氢”技术的最新研究进展,重点阐述电解水制氢技术（碱性电解水法、质子交换膜电解水法、固体氧化物电解水法）、太阳能分解水制氢技术（光催化法、光热分解法、光电化学法）以及生物质制氢技术（热化学转化法、微生物法）的产氢原理、技术难点和改进方法等,讨论比较各类“绿氢”技术的优缺点,分析未来绿色制氢技术的应用前景和发展方向。     

金属氧化物热化学循环分解水制氢热力学基础及研究进展

介绍了以金属氧化物为介质的热化学循环分解水制氢。与其它循环体系相比,金属氧化物循环仅由两步反应组成,过程简单、不向环境排放有害物质、避免了高温下分离气体的困难。研究发现,以铁酸盐为代表的复合体系有望在较温和的条件下进行反应,如果能与太阳能或者高温核反应堆耦合,则有望成为清洁的、具有经济性的制氢方法。     

生产氢气的新方法--接触辉光等离子体电解制氢

氢能源被认为是21世纪的清洁二次能源.文章介绍了一种新的制氢技术--接触辉光等离子体电解制氢.接触辉光等离子体电解制氢的基础是辉光等离子体电解.文章分析了辉光等离子体电解的非法拉第特性,阐述了辉光等离子体电解的化学反应机理;对接触辉光等离子体电解制氢技术、矿物燃料制氢技术、常规电解制氢技术进行了比较;分析了发展接触辉光等离子体电解制氢技术存在的问题.     

氢存储技术

日益严峻的能源危机和环境污染，使得发展清洁的可再生能源成为各个国家的重要议题。氢能源以其可再生性和良好的环保效应成为未来最具发展潜力的能源载体。氢的储存是发展氢能技术的难点之一。文章介绍了高压、液化、金属氢化物和碳质吸附等储氢技术的研究现状，并对储氢技术的发展趋势进行了讨论。     

纳氏试剂配制中新技术应用的探讨

将超声波技术应用在纳氏试剂的配制过程中以加快HgCl2的溶解速度,此法配制得到的纳氏试剂更为稳定,测定污水与清洁水中氨氮更为准确。该法测定氨氮检出限低、精密度高,实测样品中氨氮的回收率为101．1％,相对标准偏差（n=6）为0．46％,曲线斜率稳定不受温度影响。且配制过程大大节约试剂,避免二次污染,具有广泛的推广价值。     

Sustainability assessment and decision making of hydrogen production technologies: A novel two-stage multi-criteria decision making method

A novel two-stage multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method is proposed with the aim to select the most sustainable hydrogen production technology (HPT) by considering the preference information on both attributes and alternatives. In the first stage of the method, the initial sustainability ranking of the alternative HPTs was achieved by using the FBWM (Fuzzy Best-Worst Method) to determine the weights of the criteria and the fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method to prioritize the sustainability of alternative HPTs. While, in the second stage, a novel Preference Ranking Linear Programming Method (PRLPM) was used to acquire the final sustainability ranking according to the alternative preference information by following the principle of the outranking method. The proposed method was illustrated by a case study with 8 HTPs, demonstrating that the developed two-stage MCDM method can reflect the alternative preference of the decision-maker more accurately for selecting the most preferred alternative among various HTPs.     

GIS based multi-criteria decision making for solar hydrogen production sites selection in Algeria

Hydrogen production from renewable energy sources appears to be an interesting solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and ensuring the energy security supply. This paper develops an integrated framework to evaluate land suitability for hydrogen production from solar energy site selection that combines multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) with geographical information systems (GIS); an application of the proposed framework for Algerian country. In GIS two types of criteria will be taken: constraints and weighting criteria. Constraints criteria will make it possible to reduce the area of study by discarding those areas that prevent the implementation of installing solar hydrogen production systems. These criteria will be obtained from the legislation (land use, water bodies, waterways, roads, railways, power lines, and also their buffer around them). Weighting criteria will be chosen according to the objective to be reached, in this case they will be the hydrogen demand, potential solar hydrogen production, digital elevation models (DEMs), slope, proximity to roads, railways, and power lines. Through the use of MCDM the criteria mentioned will be weighted in order to evaluate potential sites to locate a solar hydrogen production installation system. Analysis and calculation of the weights of these criteria will be conducted using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). As a result, the final index model was grouped into four categories as “very low suitability”, “low suitability”, “moderate suitability” and “high suitability” with a manual interval classification method. The results indicate that 10.34% (246,272.02 km²), of the study area has very low suitability, 60.75% (1,446,907.65 km²) has low suitability, 6.68% (159,100.3 km²) has moderate suitability and 0.49% (11,669.21 km²) has high suitability for a solar-powered hydrogen production installation system. The other 21.74% (517,790.5 km²) of the study area is not suitable for such projects. The sensitivity analysis highlights that the suitable sites for solar hydrogen production installation system are dependent on the weights of the criteria that influence the decision. The MCDM methodology integrated with GIS is a powerful tool for effective evaluation of the solar-powered hydrogen production sites selection.     

Life cycle analysis of hydrogen fuel: a methodology for a strategic approach of decision making

Two examples are considered in this work in order to show possible settings for decision making in the strategic field of energy: transport vehicles and wastewater treatment plant that are powered by a fuel cell. The environmental impact, measured by evaluating hydrogen life cycle as fuel, varies depending on the source of hydrogen, the process, and the complexity of the productive chain. Nowadays, starting from this point of view, it is possible to get a lot more benefits when hydrogen is directly produced in situ from renewable sources of energy and it is used to make a fuel cell work, as an alternative to an external electric energy source. Future work must be focalized to decrease technological development gap between fuel cells and clean hydrogen extraction, before use of fuel cell would be massive.