重油直接裂解制乙烯装置用低密度浇注料的研制

采用大颗粒珍珠岩、矾土熟料、漂珠、SiO2超细粉、Al2 O3微粉为主要原料 ,以纯铝酸钙水泥为结合剂 ,研制了用于HCC装置的低密度浇注料。研究了纯铝酸钙水泥、矾土熟料、SiO2 超细粉、Al2 O3微粉的加入量对浇注料的化学组成、体积密度、耐压强度、抗折强度、烧后线变化率及施工性能的影响。结果发现 :结合剂的最佳掺入量是 2 5 % ,超过 2 5 %后 ,提高结合剂用量反而使浇注料的烧后强度下降 ;低温膨胀剂对浇注料的烧后线变化率影响非常明显 ,低温膨胀剂的最佳掺入量是 5 % ;SiO2 -Al2 O3复合微粉对浇注料烧后强度的增强效果非常显著 ,复合微粉的总量为 8% ,m(SiO2 )∶m(Al2 O3)在 1∶4～ 1∶5范围内 ,浇注料的中温强度能大幅度提高。使用证明 ,研制的低密度浇注料是一种较理想的HCC装置用衬里材料。     

固体磷酸铝结合高强度刚玉浇注料的研制

采用市售固体磷酸铝和刚玉原料 ,加入0 .75 %～ 1 .2 5%的硬化剂MgO ,0 .0 5 %～ 0 .1 5 %的抑制剂NH ,研制的固体磷酸铝结合高强度耐火浇注料 ,具有常温固化 ,施工简便 ,施工性优良 ,可以快速进行热处理的特点。适量的硬化剂可以促使磷酸铝常温固化 ,抑制结合剂的迁移 ,提高材料的整体结合强度 ;加入抑制剂可以抑制酸铁反应 ,避免发生膨胀 ,提高浇注料的强度     

新型磷酸盐结合耐火散状料的研制与应用

以优质高铝矾土熟料(体积密度3.18 g·cm-3)或致密刚玉及烧结α-Al2O3微粉为主要原料,采用固体磷酸二氢铝作为结合剂,研究了分散剂SiO2超细粉、促凝剂矾土水泥、抑制剂NH-66和骨料粒度组成对新型磷酸盐耐火散状料性能的影响.结果表明,SiO2超细粉、矾土水泥、NH-66外加量分别为3.5%、2.5%和0.12%,喷补料骨料临界粒度为4 mm,浇注料粒度组成为10～5访m及≤5 mm的两级连续通料时,所研制散状料具有施工简便,强度高,耐磨性优,可以快速进行热处理的特点.通过试验生产验证,研制的材料致密性、耐磨损性和抗冲刷性能比现有的浇注料要好,能满足相关的使用条件和要求.     

高炉风口区用浇注料的研制与应用

以颗粒粒度为8～5mm、5～3mm、3～1mm、1～0mm、≤0.088mm电熔棕刚玉和碳化硅为原料,铝酸盐水泥为结合剂,SiO2微粉为辅助结合剂,LBF-1为复合防爆剂,并添加氮化硅细粉制备了浇注料。研究了SiO2微粉和碳化硅加入量对浇注料性能的影响。所研制出的适用于大型高炉风口区用快速烘烤修补用浇注料已在国内1 800m3高炉上应用,获得了良好的效果。     

高铝质超低水泥浇注料流动性的试验研究

采用正交试验法研究了骨料颗粒级配、细粉添加量、超微粉添加量、水泥加入量、分散剂添加量和加水量对高铝质超低水泥浇注料流动性的影响,探讨了高铝质超低水泥浇注料自流施工的可行性及适宜条件。研究表明:1)高铝质超低水泥浇注料在一定的配比组成范围内具有适合自流施工的流动性能;2)骨料颗粒级配、细粉添加量、超微粉添加量、分散剂添加量和加水量5个因素为浇注料流动性的显著影响因素;3)各因素影响的主次顺序及显著性大小顺序均为:加水量、超微粉加入量、分散剂加入量、骨料级配、细粉加入量、水泥添加量;4)兼顾浇注料的强度和成本,高铝质超低水泥自流浇注料的最优配方为:骨料中粗颗粒、中颗粒、细颗粒的质量比为50∶10∶40,细粉、超微粉、水泥、分散剂和水的添加量分别为34%、5%、1.5%、0.1%和6.0%;其自流流动度达74%。     

玻化微珠轻质浇注料的研制

以体积密度小、吸水率低、热导率低的玻化微珠(加入量为40%~60%)和CA-70高铝水泥(加入量为40%~60%)为原料研制了轻质浇注料,并分别研究了玻化微珠用量对轻质浇注料常温强度、体积密度、烧后线变化率的影响。结果表明:(1)对于室温下养护7d后和800℃3h、1000℃3h热处理后的玻化微珠轻质浇注料,随着玻化微珠用量的增加,强度下降,但用量超过50%后,强度下降趋缓;(2)随着玻化微珠用量的增加,轻质浇注料的干态和湿态体积密度均下降;(3)轻质浇注料在800℃8h热处理后各试样的线收缩率接近且都较小,仅0.1%左右;但在1000℃3h热处理后各试样的线收缩率都较大,且随着玻化微珠用量的增加而增大。由此可以推断,此类玻化微珠轻质浇注料可以且只能用于800℃以下的中低温热工窑炉与设备的保温隔热。     

轻质莫来石浇注料的研制

近年来 ,随着能源日趋紧张 ,冶金、建材、化工等行业工业窑炉正向高效节能型方向发展 ,因而对隔热耐火材料的使用性能提出了越来越高的要求。在不定形耐火材料方面 ,随着不定形耐火材料结合剂的开发 ,生产高性能的轻质耐火浇注料成为可能。本试验以多孔莫来石为骨料 ,以复合水泥和ρ Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 为结合剂 ,研制出两种分别适用于中、高温条件的轻质耐火浇注料。1　试验设计骨料采用多孔莫来石 (Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 的质量分数为 70 % ) ,临界粒度为 8ｍｍ ,粒度分为 8～ 5ｍｍ、5～ 3ｍｍ、3～ 1ｍｍ、1～ 0ｍｍ四级 ,其中 8～ 5ｍｍ的占 15 %～ 2 5 % …     

结合剂对镁质浇注料性能的影响

主要研究了SiO2 微粉、MgCl2 ·6H2 O和ρ Al2 O3 3种结合剂对镁质浇注料的耐压强度、显气孔率和抗水化性能的影响。结果表明 :采用SiO2 微粉和MgCl2 ·6H2 O为结合剂时 ,镁质浇注料 110℃2 4h处理后的耐压强度和抗水化性能优于采用ρ Al2 O3 的 ;采用MgCl2 ·6H2 O和 ρ Al2 O3 为结合剂时 ,浇注料 110 0℃ 3h热处理后的耐压强度明显下降 ;经 16 0 0℃ 3h热处理后 ,浇注料的耐压强度随着SiO2 微粉含量的增加先增大后减小 ,而MgCl2 ·6H2 O的影响较小 ,随着 ρ Al2 O3 加入量的增大浇注料的耐压强度明显降低。     

鱼雷罐用Al2O3-SiC喷射浇注料的研制和应用

以高纯莫来石、碳化硅、SiO2微粉、Al2O3微粉、纯铝酸钙水泥和白刚玉细粉等为原料,研究了SiO2微粉、Al2O3微粉加入量对喷射浇注料性能的影响,并比较了铝酸钠、氯化钙、聚合氯化铝、聚丙烯酰胺 4 种促凝剂对喷射浇注料的促凝效果,同时还对比了该浇注料的浇注施工体与喷射施工体的性能差异.结果表明:加入8%的SiO2微粉和4%的Al2O3微粉,对提高Al2O3-SiC喷射浇注料的施工性能和使用性能有利;以聚丙烯酰胺为促凝剂对Al2O3-SiC喷射浇注料有较好的促凝效果.通过数次在鱼雷罐上的喷补使用证明,研制的喷射浇注料施工性能好,使用性能优异,大大提高了鱼雷罐的使用寿命.     

BN粉加入量对Al_2O_3-SiC-C浇注料性能的影响

为了提高均质矾土基Al_2O_3-SiC-C耐火浇注料的性能,在以88均质矾土颗粒、碳化硅颗粒和细粉、白刚玉细粉、活性α-Al_2O_3微粉、球状沥青、SiO_2微粉、铝酸盐水泥为主要原料的均质矾土基Al_2O_3-SiC-C浇注料中,添加质量分数分别为0、0. 5%、1. 0%、1. 5%、2. 0%的氮化硼粉(粒度≤1μm),研究氮化硼粉加入量对Al_2O_3-SiC-C浇注料常温物理性能、抗氧化性能和抗渣侵蚀性的影响。结果表明:添加0. 5%～1%(w)的BN粉有助于试样的烧结致密化;随着BN粉加入量的增加,试样的抗氧化性和抗渣性逐渐增强;综合考虑,BN粉的适宜添加量为0. 5%～1%(w)。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。