聚醚硅油微胶囊的制备与性能研究

以聚脲甲醛为囊壁,聚醚硅油为囊芯,采用原位聚合法制备了粒径均匀、致密性良好的新型聚脲甲醛(PUF)包覆聚醚硅油微胶囊。考察了不同种类乳化剂及不同搅拌速率对PUF包覆聚醚硅油微胶囊合成工艺的影响。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱及扫描电子显微镜等对聚醚硅油微胶囊试样进行表征。结果表明,实验成功地合成了PUF包覆聚醚硅油微胶囊,所制备的聚醚硅油微胶囊包覆率高达90%,载药率约为16.7%,囊芯结构良好,表面形貌光滑,平均粒径为250μm,在室温密闭环境下可保存72 h以上。     

DCPD微胶囊的制备及EP/微胶囊复合材料的力学性能

采用原位聚合法,以脲醛树脂和密胺树脂预聚体为壳材、双环戊二烯(DCPD)为芯材,制备了两种DCPD微胶囊。通过扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱((FTIR)对微胶囊进行了表征,并将其添加到环氧树脂(EP)中测试复合材料的力学性能。结果表明,脲醛树脂包覆DCPD微胶囊呈球形,粒径为40~80μm,壁厚为1~2μm;密胺树脂包覆DCPD微胶囊颗粒分布不规则,粒径为15~20μm,壁厚为2~5μm。两种微胶囊的FTIR谱图除了具有壳材料脲醛树脂和密胺树脂的特征峰外,在1 251,3 051 cm-1处均有芯材DCPD的特征峰,证明DCPD芯材已被两种壳材料成功包覆。随着微胶囊用量的增加,EP/微胶囊复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度均呈先增大后减小的趋势,拉伸强度和冲击强度分别在微胶囊质量分数分别为15%和10%时达到最大值,在相同条件下,加入密胺树脂包覆DCPD的复合材料的力学性能明显好于加入脲醛树脂包覆DCPD微胶囊的复合材料。     

仿生自愈合微胶囊的制备和研究

采用原位聚合法合成了以聚脲甲醛为胶囊壁、环氧树脂为囊芯的微胶囊,并对聚脲甲醛包覆环氧树脂/正丁基缩水甘油醚的微胶囊的制备工艺进行了研究。结果表明,微胶囊制备的最佳工艺条件为：预聚体的pH值在9～10之间,预聚体的反应温度控制在60～65 ℃之间,预聚体反应时间控制在1 h;微胶囊聚合反应的pH值控制在2左右,以十二烷基苯磺酸钠作为表面活性剂,聚合反应温度控制50～60 ℃之间,聚合反应时间控制在2 h。所制备的微胶囊包覆完全,表面致密。     

界面聚合法制备聚脲微胶囊

采用界面聚合法制备了聚合物微胶囊,以十六烷为芯材,PVA为乳化剂,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和水直接反应生成聚脲作为壳材。得到的微胶囊形貌规整、表面光滑、粒径分布较窄。采用DSC表征微胶囊的热性能,结果证明:聚脲包覆对微胶囊的相变行为影响较小,且微胶囊具有良好的热稳定性,焓值计算显示微胶囊芯材质量分数可以达到70%。通过控制异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的加入量,研究了微胶囊形成过程中的形貌变化。     

异氰酸酯复合外壳微胶囊的合成及表征

在水包油乳液体系中,通过界面聚合和原位聚合反应制备了以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为芯材,硅改性的聚脲为复合外壳的微胶囊。考察了不同搅拌速度对微胶囊尺寸以及形貌的影响。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对微胶囊的各组分进行了表征,确定合成了包覆IPDI的硅改性复合外壳微胶囊;采用扫描电子显微镜对微胶囊的形貌和尺寸进行了表征;通过热重分析仪对微胶囊的热稳定性进行了表征,结果表明硅改性复合外壳微胶囊具有良好的热稳定性。     

具有自修复功能的新型乙烯基硅油微胶囊的制备

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)作为分散剂,聚脲甲醛(PUF)为囊壁,乙烯基硅油为囊芯,成功制备出具有自修复功能且粒径均匀的新型PUF包覆乙烯基硅油微胶囊.实验研究了PVA浓度和搅拌速度对微胶囊的表面形貌及浓度和粒径分布的影响.分别采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、偏光显微镜对微胶囊的结构和形貌进行表征,采用激光粒度仪及同步热分析仪测定微胶囊的粒径大小及分布、热稳定性.结果表明:当PVA浓度为2％,搅拌速率为1 600r/min时,微胶囊粒径均匀,产率可高达90％;在240℃下,微胶囊的热稳定性良好.     

制备工艺条件对固化剂微胶囊性能的影响

以改性胺1618固化剂为囊芯、以脲醛树脂为壁材单体,采用界面聚合技术,成功制备了一种新型聚脲改性胺微胶囊固化剂。考察了芯壁质量比、反应体系p H及搅拌速率对微胶囊包覆率、分散性及分布情况的影响,确定最佳制备工艺条件。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜及热重分析仪对微胶囊的化学结构及性能进行表征。结果表明,当芯壁质量比为0.8、反应体系p H为2~3、搅拌速率为0.5 kr/min,该条件下制备的微胶囊包覆率为66.7%,分散性及表面致密性好,其热稳定温度达到216℃。     

表面活性剂对聚脲甲醛包覆双环戊二烯微胶囊的影响

采用阴离子、非离子和高分子3类表面活性剂及不同浓度的DBS溶液,研究了表面活性剂种类及浓度对聚脲甲醛包覆双环戊二烯微胶囊的物理性能的影响,并通过光学-摄影显微镜对微胶囊表面形貌、粒径尺寸及分布等进行了表征。结果表明,DBS和明胶对微胶囊的形成有积极作用;当DBS浓度接近CMC时,微胶囊表面较光滑;超过CMC后,DBS浓度增加,微胶囊表面粗糙度增大。     

原位聚合法制备聚α-烯烃减阻剂微囊的工艺研究

以聚α-烯烃为囊心,以水和阴离子表面活性剂为分散系统、聚脲甲醛为壁材,采用原位聚合法制备出性能稳定的聚α-烯烃减阻剂微胶囊。利用红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)对微胶囊进行表征,对合成工艺参数进行了优化。结果表明,优化工艺为:尿素与甲醛的摩尔比为1∶2,聚脲甲醛壁材的加入量为10%,表面活性剂量为水量的0.5%,聚α-烯烃减阻剂粉粹至90¹00目,用硫酸调节体系的pH为3,60℃反应2 h。制备的α-烯烃聚脲甲醛微胶囊的表观形貌得到了有效的改善、减阻性能及存储稳定性优异。     

原位聚合法制备聚α-烯烃减阻剂微囊的工艺研究

以聚α-烯烃为囊心,以水和阴离子表面活性剂为分散系统、聚脲甲醛为壁材,采用原位聚合法制备出性能稳定的聚α-烯烃减阻剂微胶囊。利用红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)对微胶囊进行表征,对合成工艺参数进行了优化。结果表明,优化工艺为:尿素与甲醛的摩尔比为1∶2,聚脲甲醛壁材的加入量为10%,表面活性剂量为水量的0.5%,聚α-烯烃减阻剂粉粹至90~100目,用硫酸调节体系的pH为3,60℃反应2 h。制备的α-烯烃聚脲甲醛微胶囊的表观形貌得到了有效的改善、减阻性能及存储稳定性优异。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。