激光快速成形GH4169合金显微组织与力学性能

利用GH4169合金粉末进行激光快速成形实验,制备出GH4169合金块状试样,并进行固溶时效热处理。利用扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱分析(EDS)等方法分别对激光成形沉积态及固溶时效态试样进行显微组织及元素偏析分析,并测试显微硬度、室温及高温拉伸性能。结果表明:沉积态微观组织为生长方向不一的细长柱状树枝晶,组织细小致密;经过固溶时效热处理后晶粒得到细化,晶粒内部仍保留枝晶亚结构;固溶时效态试样较沉积态显微硬度及抗拉强度大幅提高,塑性有所下降,但整体优于锻件技术标准。断口形貌表现为韧性穿晶断裂方式。     

GH141合金的显微组织控制

研究了热处理对GH141合金显微组织的影响规律。结果表明，1080～1120℃固溶处理过程中合金晶粒的长大与主要强化相γ’及碳化物的溶解密切相关。固溶空冷试样在760～900℃时效过程中，主要强化相γ’按“台阶机制”由最初的球形颗粒逐渐粗化成为规则排列的立方体形貌，符合点阵扩散控制的“Ostwald”熟化规律，粗化激活能为276．8kJ／mol。     

固溶时效和快速凝固时效对Cu-Cr-Zr-Mg合金时效性能的影响

研究了固溶时效和快速凝固时效工艺对Cu Cr Zr Mg合金的显微组织、硬度和导电率性能的影响。结果表明快速凝固态晶粒比固溶态晶粒细小得多,细晶强化作用显著。合金经920℃×1h固溶和550℃×0.5h时效后,硬度为100HV,导电率达71%IACS;快速凝固和同样的时效条件下,硬度为126HV,导电率达70%IACS。     

内燃机用激光增材制备GH4169镍基高温合金的组织及硬度

为了提高内燃机的耐高温稳定性,利用激光增材技术制备内燃机用GH4169镍基高温合金,测试分析固溶温度对其组织演变和硬度的影响。结果表明:激光增材制造GH4169合金形成柱状晶,Laves相基本生长在枝晶间。随着固溶温度升高到950℃后,部分区域生成了条纹形晶界,晶粒中的枝晶已经减少,试样晶粒明显细化。经过更高的固溶温度处理后,合金组织含有的Laves相比例发生了减小,同时其外形也从无规排列的长链结构转变至更加细小的颗粒。900℃固溶处理试样显微硬度高于沉积态;当固溶温度进一步上升时,试样显微硬度减小。当固溶温度上升后,合金基体内的Laves组织与δ相都发生了更大比例的溶解,引起试样显微硬度的减小。     

Cu-Cr-Zr-Mg合金时效组织与性能

为了研究时效工艺对Cu-0.3Cr-0.15Zr-0.05Mg合金显微组织及性能的影响,在时效温度400～650℃和时效时间1～11h条件下,得到时效工艺参数与硬度和电导率的曲面关系,并利用透射电镜分析合金时效后的微观形态和析出相.研究结果表明:合金固溶后470℃时效4 h,硬度和电导率可达HV108和45 S·m-1,析出相为Cr、Cu4Zr和有序的CrCu2(Zr,Mg)相;550℃时效1 h后硬度和电导率仍具有HV106和46.8 S·m-1,析出相完全转变为Cr和Cu4Zr.     

激光冲击强化制备发动机用FGH96镍基高温合金性能分析北大核心CSCD

采用时效工艺处理发动机用FGH96镍基高温合金,利用激光冲击强化方法对其表面进行修复,实验测试分析其组织,残余应力及疲劳寿命。研究结果表明:基体中形成了大量的γ相奥氏体;时效96h后显微组织中产生了大量碳化物,存在沿晶析出。激光冲击强化处理后位于表面附近的晶粒形成更小的尺寸,合金表面晶粒发生明显细化,链状碳化物在晶粒内呈现弥散分布状态,实现FGH96合金的沉淀强化作用,对位错运动产生明显抑制效果。经激光冲击强化处理后试样并未产生新的衍射峰。激光冲击强化可以使试样表面获得更高的残余压应力,使时效试样达到更高的疲劳寿命。激光冲击强化还可以将残余应力引入到基体中,使疲劳裂纹源受到明显抑制,显著降低疲劳裂纹的扩展速度。     

二级时效形变对Cu-Cr-Zr-Mg合金组织与性能影响研究

采用力学性能和电导率测试及透射电子显微镜等方法,研究了不同时效工艺对Cu-0.45Cr-0.15Zr-0.05Mg合金硬度和电导率等性能的影响规律。结果表明:合金在一级时效工艺(950℃×1h固溶+70%冷变形+520℃×2.5h时效)下有很强的时效强化效应,合金的显微硬度和电导率分别为155HV和85%IACS;采用二级时效工艺(950℃×1h固溶+70%冷变形+520℃×2h时效+60%冷变形+450℃×2h时效),合金在保持较高的电导率的同时强度得到较大提高。显微硬度为190HV,比一级时效提高了22.5%,而电导率保持在80%左右。显微组织分析表明,高强度主要来源于冷变形引起的亚结构强化和弥散相的析出强化。二级时效工艺可促进析出相的析出,析出的弥散质点对基体的回复和再结晶阻碍作用强烈。析出相与冷变形过程中产生的位错交互作用使析出相不仅阻碍位错的运动而且沿密集且分布均匀的位错快速析出,促进合金强度提高。     

热处理对激光金属成形DZ125L高温合金组织及硬度的影响

研究激光金属成形DZ125L高温合金的组织,其形成的非平衡组织致密,一次枝晶间距约5μm;生成的过饱和固溶体抑制γ′相析出,且晶界析出点状不连续MC碳化物。这无法满足高温合金直接使用要求,需进行必要热处理。因此研究了5种热处理状态下的组织和显微硬度,结果表明均匀化和固溶处理十分必要,但需严格控制时间;时效处理时间可以适当减少。经过热处理试样的硬度比未经过过热处理试样硬度低,主要原因是激光金属成形组织细密,晶界析出大量强化相MC碳化物。     

激光冲击强化制备发动机用FGH96镍基高温合金性能分析

采用时效工艺处理发动机用FGH96镍基高温合金,利用激光冲击强化方法对其表面进行修复,实验测试分析其组织,残余应力及疲劳寿命。研究结果表明:基体中形成了大量的γ相奥氏体;时效96h后显微组织中产生了大量碳化物,存在沿晶析出。激光冲击强化处理后位于表面附近的晶粒形成更小的尺寸,合金表面晶粒发生明显细化,链状碳化物在晶粒内呈现弥散分布状态,实现FGH96合金的沉淀强化作用,对位错运动产生明显抑制效果。经激光冲击强化处理后试样并未产生新的衍射峰。激光冲击强化可以使试样表面获得更高的残余压应力,使时效试样达到更高的疲劳寿命。激光冲击强化还可以将残余应力引入到基体中,使疲劳裂纹源受到明显抑制,显著降低疲劳裂纹的扩展速度。     

热处理工艺对Ti6246钛合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了热处理温度和冷却方式对Ti6246合金显微组织、相组成以及室温拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:固溶热处理后合金的相组成主要与冷却方式有关。在β单相区及(α+β)两相区固溶后水冷,β相均转化为α′′马氏体和少量亚稳β相。空冷组织中的β相转变为含有少量次生α相的β转变组织,随着热处理温度的提高次生α相的含量逐渐增加,尺寸也逐渐增大。时效后组织中的亚稳相发生分解,析出细小的次生α相。固溶后水冷试样的拉伸曲线上出现"双屈服"现象,且随着固溶温度的提高合金第一屈服点逐渐升高。水淬和空冷合金试样在595℃/8 h时效后其室温拉伸强度提高,延伸率及断面收缩率降低,水淬试样室温拉伸性能的变化更大。固溶后空冷且在595℃时效处理的合金,其室温拉伸性能可达到较好的强塑性匹配。     

热处理对AlZn4SiPb合金组织和性能的影响

研究了AlZn4SiPb合金铸锭和2 mm板材热处理前后的组织、硬度和强度等性能。结果表明,铸锭中Pb元素存在偏析,后浇铸的铸锭中Pb含量相对更高,其以球状或条状分布于晶内和晶界处,均匀化热处理对其形貌影响不明显。均匀化热处理后,晶界处的析出相固溶进入基体中,AlZn4SiPb合金铸锭的硬度由78.9 HV升高至89.8 HV。冷轧态板材金相组织呈纤维状。随着热处理温度的升高,板材的硬度和强度先降低后升高。300 ℃热处理后,其硬度为45.5 HV,抗拉强度为179 MPa;500 ℃热处理后,板材硬度为HV90.9,抗拉强度为306 MPa,伸长率为28.5%。      

时效温度对Mg-12Gd-3Y-1Sm-0.5Zr合金组织和力学性能的影响

采用X射线衍射、光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜、显微硬度和拉伸性能测试等手段,研究时效热处理温度对Mg-12Gd-3Y-1Sm-0.5Zr合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,Mg-12Gd-3Y-1Sm-0.5Zr合金在200,250℃和300℃峰时效时,晶粒大小随时效温度的升高而逐渐增大,晶内颗粒状的第二相数量增多,硬度峰值出现的时间逐渐缩短。合金时效温度在200,250℃时,析出相为β′相,时效温度在300℃时,析出相为β相。合金在250℃峰时效时力学性能最优。在200,250℃峰时效热处理的合金在从室温到200,250℃和300℃拉伸过程中抗拉强度随拉伸温度的升高先升高后降低,出现了抗拉强度反常温度效应,而在300℃峰时效热处理后的合金未出现该反常现象。     

Microstructure and Properties of Cu-Cr-Zr Alloy after Rapidly Solidified Aging and Solid Solution Aging

The structure and properties of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy were studied after rapidly solidified aging and solid solution aging. At the early stage of aging (500℃for 15 min), the hardness and the conductivity of the alloy rapidly solidified are 143 HV and 72% IACS, respectively. Under the same aging condition, the hardness and electrical conductivity of the alloy solid solution treated can reach 86 HV and 47% IACS, respectively. The microstructure was analyzed, and the grain size after rapid solidification is much smaller than that after solid solution treatment. By rapidly solidified aging the fine precipitates distribute inside the grains and along the grain boundary, while by solid solution aging there are large Cr particles along the grain boundary.     

Microstructure,precipitates and mechanical properties of powder bed fused inconel 718 before and after heat treatment

IN718 alloy was fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (PBF) for examination of microstructure, precipitates and mechanical properties in the as-built state and after different heat treatments. The as-built alloy had a characteristic fine cellular-dendritic microstructure with Nb, Mo and Ti segregated along the interdendritic region and cellular boundary. The as-built alloys were then subjected to solution heat treatment (SHT) at 980 °C or 1065 °C for 1 h. SHT at 980 °C led to the formation of δ-phase in the interdendritic region or cellular boundary. The segregation was completely removed by the SHT at 1065 °C, but recrystallization was observed, and the carbides decorated along the grain boundaries. The as-built alloy and alloys with SHT at 980 °C and 1065 °C were two-step aged, which consisted of annealing at 720 °C for 8 h followed by annealing at 620 °C for 8 h. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the precipitation of γ' and γ” in all alloys after two-step aging, but the amount and uniformity of distribution varied. The Vickers hardness of the PBF IN718 alloy increased from 296 HV to 467 HV after direct aging. The hardness decreased to 267 HV and 235 HV after SHT at 980 °C and 1065 °C, respectively, but increased to 458 HV and 477 HV followed by aging. The evolution of Young’s modulus after heat treatment exhibited similar trend to that of hardness. The highest hardness was observed for IN718 after SHT at 1065 °C and two-step aging due to precipitation with greater amount and uniform distribution.     

The effect of contact pad hardness on the fretting fatigue behaviour of AZ61 magnesium alloy

In the present study, the effect of hardness of contact material on fretting fatigue strength was experimentally investigated as a function of stress ratio. AZ61 magnesium alloy used in defense and transportation industries was used as the material for both the specimen and the contact pad. Two levels of hardness of contact material, 55.3 Vickers Hardness (HV) and 83.3 HV, were prepared by heat treatments. According to the results, with increasing hardness, the fretting fatigue strength decreased. The relative slip amplitude increased with increasing hardness, while the tangential force amplitude was not influenced by the hardness. It was speculated that because the local tangential stress at the contact edge increases with increasing hardness, the fretting fatigue strength decreases with increasing hardness.     

热处理工艺对Inconel718合金组织、力学性能及耐蚀性能的影响

对高含H2S/CO2酸性油气田封隔器材料-Inconel718镍基合金进行固溶处理和时效处理,研究不同热处理工艺条件下合金的组织、力学性能、耐蚀性能之间的关系。结果表明:随着固溶温度的升高,δ相不断溶入基体。材料经时效处理后析出第二相γ″相,硬度和强度明显高于固溶处理的样品,1000℃固溶+720℃×8h→50℃/h620℃×8h时效处理的样品硬度和强度达到最大值。高温高压H2S/CO2介质中挂片实验的结果表明,不同热处理的Inconel718合金均具有良好的耐腐蚀性能,经固溶处理的材料耐腐蚀性略优于经固溶+时效处理的材料。高温高压H2S/CO2应力腐蚀实验的结果表明,Inconel718没有发生应力腐蚀开裂迹象。综合考虑耐蚀性能和力学性能,确定Inconel718合金的最佳热处理工艺为:1000℃固溶1h+720℃×8h→50℃/h620℃×8h时效。     

Effects of Heat Treatment on Hardness and Dry Wear Properties of a Semi-Solid Processed Fe-27 wt pct Cr-2.9 wt pct C Cast Iron

EfFects of heat treatments on hardness and dry wear properties of a semi-solid processed Fe-26.96 wt pct Cr- 2.91 wt pct C cast iron were studied. Heat treatments included tempering at 500℃, destabilisation at 1075℃ and destabilisation at 1075℃ plus tempering at 500℃, all followed by air cooling. Electron microscopy revealed that, in the as-cast condition, the primary proeutectic austenite was round in shape while the eutectic M7C3 carbide was found as radiating clusters mixed with directional clusters. Tempering did not change the microstructure significantly when observed by scanning or transmission electron microscopy. Destabilisation followed by air cooling led to a precipitation of secondary M23C6 carbide and a transformation of the primary austenite to martensite. Precipitation behaviour is comparable to that observed in the conventionally cast iron. Tempering after destabilisation resulted in a higher amount of secondary carbide precipitation within the tempered martensite in the eutectic structure. Vickers macrohardness and microhardness in the proeutectic zones were measured. Dry wear properties were tested by using a pin-on-disc method. The maximum hardness and the lowest dry wear rate were obtained from the destabilisation-plus-tempering heat treatment due to the precipitation of secondary carbides within the martensite matrix and a possible reduction in the retained austenite.     

Microstructure evolution of thixomolding AZ91D magnesium alloy during heat treatment

The microstructure evolution of thixomolding AZ91D magnesium alloy during heat treatment was investigated by means of SEM, XRD, and Vickers hardness measurement. The thixomolding AZ91D alloy has faster β phase dissolution kinetics in comparison with the HPDC alloy at 415 °C solution treatment. Both the discontinuous precipitation and the continuous precipitation were observed during aging treatment. The thixomolding specimen exhibited an accelerated age-hardening kinetics in comparison with the HPDC specimen.     

Study of welding peak temperatures on microstructures and hardness of heat affected zone in 2024-T3 aluminium alloy

Abstract

The influence of welding thermal cycle peak temperatures and post-weld heat treatments on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the heat affected zone (HAZ) for 2024-T3 aluminium alloy have been investigated by Gleeble HAZ simulation. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used to characterise the HAZ microstructures. The welded HAZ in the region of peak temperature 414°C has the lowest hardness after natural aged temper, which is primarily due to the precipitation and coarsening of stable S phases. When the peak temperature of welded HAZ is larger than 414°C, the hardness of HAZ increasing with an increasing peak temperature can be seen, which is due to higher peak temperature thermal cycles treatment inducing the dissolution of precipitations in the matrix, and, after the natural aging treatment, Guinier-Preston (GPB) and GPB2 zones precipitating out in the matrix again can be seen. Post-weld T81 artificial aging (PWAA-T81) heat treatment has no effect on improving the HAZ hardness; the HAZ hardness of the 2024-T3 alloy obtained by PWAA-T81 is less than that obtained by natural aging, and its lowest hardness is shifted to the region of peak temperature, which is 452°C, because overaging induces coarse and sparse amounts of stable S phase.     

Shape Memory Effect of As-aged Fe-14Mn-5Si-8Cr-4Ni-0.2C Alloy

1. IntroductionFe-Mn-St-Cr-Ni shape memory alloys exhibit notonly a good shape memory effect (SME), but alsoa good corrosion resistance[1'21, compared with FeMn-St alloys. Furthermore, it can be used in manufacturing pipe couplings because of its high phasetransformation temperature and great thermal hysteresis. But the recovery strain in these alloys is stilllow, which limits their application in pipe couplings.Therefore, to increase the recovery strain is key totheir practical applica,ti…