Solvothermal preparation and characteristics of Sn-doped In2O3

Sn-doped In2O3 （ITO） nanopowders were prepared in ethanol solvent by solvothermal process. The effects of the solvothermal temperature, coprecipitation pH value and SnO2 content on the products phase and microwave absorption were investigated by X-ray diffractometry and microwave reflectance. ITO nanopowders with cubic structure can be respectively prepared at 250 and 270 ℃ for 6 h. The prepared product is InOOH or the mixture of InOOH and In3Sn4O12 when the solvothermal temperature is below 250℃. With rising solvothermal temperature and prolonging time, the absorption of the ITO powders gradually decreases. The products are ITO nanopowders by coprecipitating at pH=9 or 11, but ITO powders with Sn3O4 at pH=6. The absorption of powders prepared at pH=6 is better than that at any other pH value. The products are all ITO nanopowders and crystal size reduces with increasing SnO2 content. The microwave absorption of ITO nanopowders with SnO2 content of 8% （mass fraction） is the best among samples with different SnO2 contents.     

Solvothermal preparation and thermoelectric properties of quasi-binary Sn(Pb)Te-Bi_2Te_3 compounds

The alloys based on Bi2Te3 are widely known as the best thermoelectric materials currently available for thermoelectric application near room temperature. Unfortunately the efficiency for TE device is limited by poor properties of TE materials. Excellent TE materials require a perfect combination of electrical and thermal properties. The challenge lies in achieving simultaneously high power factor (2) and low thermal conductivity, which define the dimensionless figure of merit ZT=(a2s/k)T[…     

焙烧温度对S2O8^2-／Al2O3-Fe2O3固体酸催化性能的影响

制备S2O8^2-／Al2O3-Fe2O3型固体酸催化剂,用于催化乙酸和正丁醇合成乙酸正丁酯,采用TG／DSC、IR、SEM、XRD等对其结构和性能进行了表征,并研究了焙烧温度对其催化性能的影响。结果表明,不同焙烧温度对S2O8^2-／Al2O3-Fe2O3系列催化剂的结构和性能均产生一定的影响;随着焙烧温度的升高,酯化率呈先增加后降低的趋势,其中500℃焙烧的催化剂具有最佳的催化活性,其酯化率达到90．78％。     

氧化铟纳米纤维的制备及其甲醛气敏性能

采用静电纺丝法和随后的热处理过程制备了新颖的氧化铟纳米纤维材料. 利用扫描电子显微镜,透射电子显微镜,X射线衍射等表征手段对该材料形貌和晶体结构进行表征. 结果表明,所得到的纳米纤维材料的直径约为250 nm~300 nm. 这些纳米纤维由氧化铟纳米颗粒组成,而且其颗粒尺寸均一. 将这种纳米纤维材料制备成气敏传感器,研究表明基于该敏感材料的传感器对甲醛具有优异的气敏性能. 氧化铟纳米纤维传感器具有较低的最佳工作温度 200 ℃,并且对低体积浓度为百万分之五的甲醛气体具有2.1的灵敏度响应值. 在探讨甲醛的气敏机理的过程中,认为氧化铟纳米纤维的一维结构、甲醛的高还原性及敏感材料表面吸附氧促使了该材料对甲醛的优异的气敏性能. 此外,通过对传感器的选择性及稳定性测试,传感器对甲醛具有非常好的选择性和稳定性,这为制备高性能的甲醛传感器开拓了一种优异的气敏材料.     

ICP-AES法测定氧化铟-氧化锡(ITO)超细复合粉末中的痕量杂质

建立了超细In203-Sn02(ITO)复合粉末中Al，Ca，Cd，Co，Cr，Cu，Fe，Mg，Mn，Mo，Ni，Ti，V，Zn，Zr等15种杂质元素的ICP-AES测定方法．研究了基体对被测元素的干扰，选择了仪器最佳工作参数．方法的回收率为92％～110％，相对标准偏差为0．26％～3．66％．     

共沉淀法制备纳米Al_2O_3/TiO_2复合粉体

以 Ti Cl4 和 Al Cl3为原料 ,采用沉淀法制备了纳米 Al2 O3/Ti O2 复合粉体。对制备过程中沉淀剂的选择、反应物浓度、反应温度、滴加速度与搅拌速度、脱水方式、热处理温度与时间、煅烧温度等影响因素进行了研究。结果表明 ,用氨水作为沉淀剂比用 Na OH、Na2 CO3效果好 ;反应物滴加方式采用碱液往 Ti Cl4 与 Al Cl3的混合溶液中滴加 ;反应在室温下进行 ;滴加速度与搅拌速度分别为 9m L· min- 1、30 0 r· min- 1时 ,可以取得较好的效果。     

La2O3、Cr2O3共掺杂的CCTO陶瓷介电性能研究

采用氧化物混合工艺制备了La2O3和Cr2O3共掺杂的CaCu3Ti4O12(CCTO)陶瓷材料。通过XRD、介电温度特性等测试手段,研究了掺杂不同浓度的La2O3和Cr2O3对CCTO体系陶瓷介电性能的影响,并对掺杂机理进行了分析.研究结果表明:分别掺杂La2O3和Cr2O3的CCTO陶瓷的介电损耗为～0.2,比纯的CCTO陶瓷样品低,而介电常数仍保持在～104;掺杂0.03at%La2O3和0.08at%Cr2O3的CCTO陶瓷材料的介电常数为4.4×104,介电损耗可降至0.15.因此,通过共掺杂的方法可以在有效降低CCTO陶瓷介质损耗的同时,仍维持高的介电常数.     

B2O3对锂铝硅系统微晶玻璃结构性能的影响

采用差热分析(DTA),X-ray衍射分析(XRD),扫描电镜分析(SEM)等手段研究热处理制度对锂铝硅透明微晶玻璃热膨胀系数的影响。结果表明,随B2O3含量的增加,玻璃的熔化温度降低,熔化质量提高。经处理后的微晶玻璃样品,随B2O3含量的增加,透明性变差。当B2O3的含量超过3%时,出现比较严重的分相现象。微晶玻璃的主晶相为LixAlxSi1-xO2固溶体。     

La2O3-Gd2O3-Mo次级发射材料研究

采用粉末冶金方法制备了新型La2O3-Gd2O3-Mo次级发射材料. 测试了其次级发射性能. 实验结果表明,在钼中加入稀土氧化物可以具有很好的次级发射性能,其次级发射性能与激活温度密切相关. 经过1360℃的激活处理后,该材料的最大次级发射系数可达2.65,超过了材料使用要求的2.0的发射水平.     

Al2O3扩孔条件的优化及材料性能

以硝酸铝为原料,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了具有较大孔径的Al2O3。用正交试验得出了制备较大孔径Al2O3的最佳试验条件:pH=10、表面活性剂的用量为3%、扩孔剂(聚乙二醇-20000)用量为8%,陈化温度为80℃、微波干燥。探讨了焙烧温度对Al2O3的表面积、孔径分布和晶相结构的影响。结果表明:900℃焙烧的Al2O3表面积为148.6 m2/g,大于20 nm的孔体积占总孔容的81%,Al2O3的晶相主要为γ-AlO,约占91.8%。     

Crystallization Mechanism of Na2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-F Glass Containing Cr2O3

The effect of Cr2O3 on the nucleation and crystallization of Na2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-F- glass has been investigated by means of ESR(Electron Spin Resonance), SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope), EDS(Energy Dispersive Specrometer) and so on. Computer pattern recognition is applied to optimize the heat-treatment schedules. The experimental results show that the base glass containing more than 1 .5 % (mass fraction) Cr2O3 can be nucleated internally and converted to spheroidal crystal glass materials. The spheroidal crystal consisted of fibrous wollastonite crystals radiating from a center. The residual glass phase filled in the interstices between the fibers and between the spherulites. During heat treatment process, the valence states ofchromium changed from Cr6- to Cr3-, and the Cr-spinel solidsolution [CaCr2O4] precipitated followed this valence change. At the primary stage of crystallization, the Cr-spinel could act as a nucleating center on which the principal or}stalline phase β-CaSiO3 grew epitaxially.     

Luminescent properties of BaO-La_2O_3-B_2O_3 glasses with dopant

1　INTRODUCTIONResearcheshaveconfirmedthatonlyblueandredcomponentsofsunlightcanbeefficientlyabsorbedbychlorophyllmolecules[14 ] .Thereforealargeportionofsolarenergy ,particularlytheultravioletandgreencomponentsofsunlightcannotbeuseddirectlybygreenplants .A possiblewaytoincreasetheproduc tivityofgreenplantsistoconvertultravioletorgreencomponentofsunlightintoblueorredlight ,whichisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantwiththeincreaseofworld population .Thereisevidencethatthegreenhousemadeoftheplastic…     

掺Bi2O3,B2O3,V2O5和B2CuO4对Sm(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3性质及显微结构的影响

实验添加多种助烧结剂于以固态反应法制备的钐镁钛微波介电陶瓷Sm(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3,并研究对烧结体的相对密度、相变化、介电常数、频率温度系数(TCF)、品质因子及微观结构性质的影响。尝试分别加入10 mol%的Bi2O3、B2O3、V2O5及B2CuO4可有效降低陶瓷孔隙率使其致密化,更可大幅下降块材烧结温度,使之可以顺利导入低温共烧陶瓷制程(Low-Temperature Co-fired Ceramics;LTCC),但会破坏钙钛矿晶体结构,引起材料微波特性降低。在实验中原料混合粉末以1 100℃煅烧2 h后研磨,再成型后以1 300℃烧结6 h。结果显示以添加Bi2O3具有最高的密度及Q×f与介电常数,达6.47 g/cm3和26 000 GHz及30.19。     

Cu-ZnO-Al2O3-ZrO2催化二氧化碳加氢合成甲醇的研究

研究Cu-ZnO-Al2O3-ZrO2催化剂催化二氧化碳加氢合成甲醇的性能,考察制备方法、Zr含量对催化剂性能的影响,并采用BET、XRD和H2-TPR对催化剂进行表征.结果表明：并流共沉淀法制备的含Zr 1%（质量分数）的催化剂拥有最优良的性能,二氧化碳转化率为21.18%,甲醇选择性为48.39%.     

A new sol-gel process for preparing Ba（Mg1／3Nb2／3）O3 nanopowders

Commercially available niobium (V) oxide [Nb2O5], with barium acetate [Ba(CH3COO)2] and magnesium acetate [Mg(CH3COO)2·4H2O] was used as the starting material in the sol-gel process for preparing Ba(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (BMN) nanopowders. At first, Nb2O5 reacted with melting sodium hydroxide and transformed into dispersible oxide. The resulting glassy substance after cooling was dispersed and washed several times in distilled water to remove the Na ions. The as-prepared colloidal Nb2O5·nH2O was subsequently mixed with acetic solution of barium acetate and magnesium acetate according to the required molar proportions and followed by gelation. The ultrafine BMN powders were finally obtained after heat-treating the gel at 820℃ for 1 h, and the as-sintered nanoceramics revealed a high relative density of 98.2%, and a high microwave Q-factor, of 10397 at 1.45GHz.     

纳米Fe3O4及其复合体系的微波吸收特性研究

研究了纳米Fe3O4及其复合体系的微波吸收特性,并分析了吸收机制以及复合组分对吸波性能的影响。结果表明,在Fe3O4/BaTiO3复合体系中,通过调节材料组分可调节吸收峰的位置,复合体系的有效吸收频带较单一材料拓宽。当样品的厚度为2 mm,Fe3O4与BaTiO3的质量比为3:2时,反射率为-10 dB的有效频宽达2.7 GHz,Fe3O4与BaTiO3的质量比为2:3时,反射率为-10 dB的有效频宽可达4 GHz。在Fe3O4/PANI复合体系中,当Fe3O4在复合体系中的质量比为35%左右时,微波吸收率最高,吸收峰值为-21 dB,-10 dB频宽大于4GHz。     

Self-Propagating High-Temperature Reductive Synthesis of TiB_2-Al_2O_3 Composite Powders

TiB2-Al2O3 composite powders were produced by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS) method with reductive process from B2O3-TiO2-Al system. X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) analyses show the presence of TiB2 and Al2O3 only in the composite powders produced by SHS. The powders are uniform and free-agglomerate. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) observation of microstructure of the composite powders indicate that the interfaces of the TiB2-Al2O3 bond well, without any interfacial reaction products. It is proposed that the good interfacial bonding of the composite powders can be resulted from the TiB2 particles crystallizing and growing on the Al2O3 particles surface with surface defects acting as nucleation centers.     

Thermal behavior and lithium ion conductivity of L2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2-P2O5 glass-ceramics

A lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte, L2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2-P2O5 glass with NASICON-type structure have been synthesized and transformed into glass-ceramic through thermal-treatment at various temperatures from 700 to 1 000 ℃ for 12 h. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and complex impedance techniques were employed to characterize the samples. The experimental results indicated that the capability of glass forming in this system is superior to that of L2O-Al2O3-TiO2-P2O5. The glass has an amorphous structure and resultant glass-ceramic mainly consisting of LiTi2(PO4)3 phases. Impurity phases AlPO4, TiO2, TiP2O7 and unidentified phase were observed. With the enhanced heat-treatment temperature, grain grew gradually and lithium ion conductivity of glass-ceramics increased accordingly, the related impedance semicircles were depressed gradually and even disappeared, which could be analytically explained by the coordinate action of the ’Constant phase element’ (CPE) model and the ’Concept of Mismatch and Relaxation’ model (CMR). When the sample is devitrified at 1 000 ℃, the maximum room temperature lithium ion conductivity comes up to 4.1×10-4 S/cm, which is suitable for the application as an electrolyte of all-solid-state lithium batteries.     

MnO2热分解制备Mn3O4的动力学研究

为了得到MnO2热分解制备Mn3O4的动力学方程,用TG/DTA和XRD研究MnO2的热分解过程。研究表明MnO2的分解是分步进行的,4MnO2=2Mn2O3 O2↑的动力学方程为G(α)=[-ln(1-α)]12(T<625℃)和G(α)=[-ln(1-α)]13(T≥625℃),表观活化能为90.239 kJ/mol;6Mn2O3=4Mn3O4 O2↑的动力学方程为G(α)=[-ln(1-α)]13,表观活化能为204.67 kJ/mol;两个过程属于晶核形成与增长控制过程。     

纳米CuInSe_2的溶剂热合成与表征

以乙二胺为溶剂,CuCl2.2H2O、InCl3.4H2O和Se粉末为反应物,采用低温溶剂热工艺制备了铜铟硒(CuInSe2,简称为CIS)纳米粉末。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱等测试分析方法对产物进行测试和表征。研究结果表明,反应温度、反应物超声预处理等工艺条件对产物形貌有很大的影响。降低反应温度有利于获得均匀的CuInSe2粉末,反应物超声预处理可以获得分散性较好的球形CuInSe2纳米粉末。所得产物为具有黄铜矿构型的CIS纯相。