钙基脱硫剂掺加粉煤灰在450_850_下的脱硫研究

在沉降炉上进行了掺加粉煤灰提高生石灰烟气脱硫率的实验。实验表明：生石灰掺加粉煤灰可以提高烟气脱硫率和脱硫剂的钙利用率。这种作用与反应温度有关,反应温度为５５０℃～７００℃时,效果最好。同时也研究了粉煤灰与生石灰掺混方式对气体脱硫率和脱硫剂的钙利用率的影响。     

钙基脱硫剂掺加粉煤类在450℃—850℃下的脱硫研究

在沉降炉上进行了掺加粉煤灰提高生石灰烟气脱硫率的实验。实验表明：生石灰掺加粉煤灰可以提高烟气脱硫率和脱硫剂的钙利用率。这种作用与反应温度有关,反应温度为５５０℃￣７００℃时,效果最好。同时也研究了粉煤灰与生石灰掺混方式对气体脱硫率和脱硫剂的钙利用率的影响。     

生石灰掺加粉灶灰脱硫性能研究

在沉降炉和热分析仪上进行的脱硫实验表明，生石灰掺加粉煤灰可以提高烟气脱硫率和脱硫剂的钙利用率，这种作用与反应温度有关，反应温度为５５０～７００℃时，效果最好，同时也研究了粉煤灰与生石灰掺混方式对烟气脱硫率和脱硫剂的钙利用率的影响。     

NID半干法脱硫系统脱除烟气中SO2的试验研究

研究NID半干法脱硫系统脱除烟气中SO2,用氮气(N2)等温吸附(77K)测量了生石灰消化后消化产物消石灰与生石灰脱硫剂的比表面积、孔径、孔比表面积、孔容积和孔分布,分析了其物理性质上的差别所造成的脱硫性能的差异,还分析了消化度、消化水初始温度、烟气中水蒸汽份额和水钙摩尔比等参数对脱硫性能的影响.研究结果表明,生石灰经...     

添加钢渣的碱式碳酸镁脱硫剂脱硫性能的研究

脱硫剂的选用是影响燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫效率的重要影响因素之一。实验采用了实验室规模的鼓泡反应装置模拟烟气湿法脱硫过程,分别以碳酸钙、氧化镁、碱式碳酸镁以及添加钢渣的碱式碳酸镁作为脱硫剂进行了烟气脱硫实验,研究反应温度、鼓泡深度以及搅拌速度对脱硫剂脱硫性能的影响。结果表明,在模拟的烟气湿法脱硫反应过程中,几种脱硫剂的脱硫效率随着鼓泡深度与搅拌速度的增加而显著提高,反应温度对脱硫剂脱硫效率的影响并不明显。结合实验现象进行推断,SO2在气液两相界面的传质扩散和其水解产物在液相的扩散直接影响镁基脱硫剂的脱硫过程。     

椰壳活性炭担载Cu脱硫剂烟气脱硫试验研究

建立了固定床烟气脱硫反应器,采用椰壳活性炭（AC）担载Cu制备脱硫剂CuO/AC,研究了煅烧温度、Cu担载量、脱硫反应温度及烟气成分对脱硫剂脱硫性能的影响.结果表明：CuO/AC脱硫剂煅烧温度为250℃时较适宜;Cu担载量为5%~7.5%、脱硫反应温度为200~250℃、烟气中有适量的O2时,CuO/AC脱硫剂具有较好的脱硫能力;再生温度为300℃时得到的再生脱硫剂的脱硫效果最好,但脱硫能力与新的脱硫剂相比有所下降.     

蒸汽活化器设计方案比较和分析

在中温(400℃~800℃)干法循环流化床烟气脱硫工艺中,由于反应产物CaSO4的比摩尔容积大于脱硫剂CaO的比摩尔容积,进而使得SO2气体在脱硫剂颗粒内的扩散变得非常困难,从而影响了脱硫反应的进行和脱硫剂的利用率。为了提高钙利用率,采用中高温(800℃)硫化、低温(150℃)蒸汽活化的方法来处理乏脱硫剂。在文中提出了移动床式蒸汽活化器和流动床式蒸汽活化器两种方案,并进行了计算和分析。     

半干法烟气脱硫技术探讨

阐述了半干法烟气脱硫的机理和容易出现的问题及其解决方法,分析了钙硫比、近绝热饱和温差、增湿水及烟气湿度、石灰浆液雾化粒径、进口SO2浓度、灰料再循环等主要因素对脱硫效率的影响。介绍了布袋除尘器的辅助脱硫。针对半干法脱硫剂利用率低、Ca/S高的问题,提出了几种提高脱硫剂利用率的技术。     

循环流化床烟气脱硫多层喷水的试验研究及其产物分析

在循环流化床烟气脱硫试验台上进行了多层喷水脱硫的试验研究,分析了反应发生的原理,对脱硫产物进行了电镜分析,揭示了含湿钙基脱硫剂的脱硫机理。试验表明：多层喷水与传统的单层喷水相比,流化床内 温度分布更加均匀,趋近饱和温度△T值有较大降低,脱硫效率明显提高,系统运行更加稳定可靠。质谱分析和电镜分析表明：SO2与Ca（OH）2反应后,在脱硫剂的表面形成产物层,减缓了SO2与脱硫的进一步反应。     

基于脱硫产物化学组成的脱硫剂利用率研究

通过对取自5个不同电厂半干法脱硫装置的脱硫灰进行化学组成分析,发现半干法脱硫产物中存在很大比例的CaCO3,其质量份额与CaSO3相当,是造成半干法烟气脱硫工艺中脱硫剂利用率低的重要原因.针对SO2和CO2的竞争反应进行了试验,结果表明:确实存在SO2和CO2与Ca(OH)2反应的竞争,说明在脱硫反应过程中CO2的影响不可忽视,应该从强化脱硫反应、抑制CO2与脱硫剂反应入手,提高脱硫剂的利用率,以进行半干法脱硫技术的工艺改进.     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

机车车轮多轴疲劳强度安全评定的研究

使用ANSYS8.0软件对高速列车车轮进行了三维有限元分析,计算出车轮在直线、曲线和道岔条件下牵引、制动共6种工况时孔边薄弱部位的应力,分别通过Mises等效平均应力方法、Sines平均主应力方法和应力分量中考虑平均应力方法计算出应力在极值位置时的等效应力幅、等效平均应力,从而进一步算出车轮的安全系数,对其疲劳强度进行评定,并对3种方法进行了比较研究。     

Constructal optimization of the geometry of an array of micro-channels

This paper documents the geometric optimization of an array of circular and non-circular ducts. The optimization was carried out numerically using finite volume method. As optimal dimensions were independent of the array configuration, the numerical simulation was performed on a unit cell. Numerical optimization for circular, square and isosceles right triangle cross-sections of channels was performed. Based on the results of this investigation, some correlations were proposed to predict the optimal hydraulic diameter and dimensionless heat transfer per unit volume. In addition to examining the effect of pressure drop on these parameters, it was showed that among the different geometries of this study, square cross-section has the most efficiency for a given volume. The numerical results of the present study were compared with approximate results reported in the literature which a good agreement was observed.     

固体热辐射Yong性能分析

本文对漫灰均温物体在常物性条件下对外辐射传热的Ｙｏｎｇ值计算建立了数学模型。通过与物体内能Ｙｏｎｇ公式的数值计算比较,得出了辐射能量的Ｙｏｎｇ值不大于内能Ｙｏｎｇ值的结论。从初步的热射Ｙｏｎｇ值计算公式发现。Ｙｏｎｇ与物体表面辐射率有关。     

Measurements of concentration distribution of hydrogen jet using deflection of center of the laser spot

The main purpose of this work is to propose a new method to evaluate the concentration distribution of the hydrogen jet by using a He–Ne laser through the jet. This research attempts to apply the expression of concentration Gaussian distribution, the refraction formula of inhomogeneous refractive index medium, and the concentration inversion function to disclose the displacement of the center of the laser spot at different heights in the gas jet. The spot images of the laser beam passing through the gas jet at three vertical heights z = 10d, 20d, 30d, and different radial positions are obtained. The radial spatial asymmetry of the gas jet is also found in the experiment. Finally, the calculated concentration distribution curve and the fluent simulation curve, it is found that the two results are very similar. Our findings show that the error between the concentration distribution of this method and the simulated concentration distribution reaches 2.43%.     

Heat of vaporization of mixtures

General expressions for the heat of vaporization of mixtures at constant pressure; at constant temperature; and at constant pressure, temperature, and composition are proposed. The last one is related to the liquid-vapor interface where steady vaporization or condensation is taking place. Numerical examples by the proposed expressions are shown for binary mixtures of HCFC22(R22) and (HCFC123(R123) © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(1): 12–24, 1996