Properties of gasoline-ethanol-methanol ternary fuel blend compared with ethanol-gasoline and methanol-gasoline fuel blends

Two binary sets of gasoline-methanol (GM) and gasoline-ethanol (GE) blends along with two other ternary sets of gasoline-methanol-ethanol (GME) blends were formulated comprising single and dual alcohol. ASTM-D86 distillation, vapor pressure, and octane number were measured. Also, distillation curves were constructed for each blend and the influence of azeotrope formation was discussed. The obtained results reveal that distillation curves of gasoline blends, comprising from 5 to 15 vol% methanol, display a more significant decrease in distillation temperature than gasoline-ethanol blends. Also, more decrease in distillation temperature is observed by increasing the rate of blended alcohol. At equal rates of blended alcohol, the distillation curve of ternary fuel (GE5M5) is positioned in between distillation curves of binary fuel blends GM10 and GE10. More acceptable vapor pressure is achieved in ternary GEM fuels containing 7.5–15.0 vol% of dual alcohol, the same rate in GM blends increases vapor-lock tendency. At equal alcohol content, GEM blends give a higher octane number than GE one.     

替代燃料汽车的比较与发展趋势

为保护环境，节约石油资源，一些国家相继研制出多种替代燃料汽车。在现有的5种汽车中，以蓄电池为能源的电动汽车，虽可实现污染的“零”排放，美日德等国也投入大量资金以推进研究开发，终因造价太高等因素制约，暂难形成足可吸引消费者的市场。甲醇汽车和氢气汽车，造价低于电动汽车和汽油车，只是由于技术上的困难，尚处于研究试验阶段。天然气汽车和液化石油气汽车因其技术成熟，而且经济、安全，投资回报迅速，是替代燃料汽车中发展最快的，其中天然气汽车将会胜过电动汽车而成为最有前途的竞争者。     

航空喷气燃料对油箱密封胶体积膨胀性能的影响

系统考查了航空喷气燃料中芳烃体积分数对飞机油箱聚硫及聚硫醚密封胶体积膨胀性能的影响。实验结果表明,随油料中芳烃体积分数的增加,密封胶的体积膨胀率显著增大。聚硫密封胶PR 1440在93℃条件下,在芳烃体积分数小于8%的喷气燃料中浸泡28天后会出现体积缩小,而其他被测试的聚硫及聚硫醚密封胶均未发生体积缩小。特种密封胶材料在高温低芳烃油样中浸泡时出现的体积减少可能是造成飞机油箱漏油的原因之一。实验结果还表明,在不同芳烃体积分数的油样中添加各种添加剂能有效阻止密封胶的过度膨胀,降低油样在高温环境中的降解速率。     

甲醇柴油微乳燃料

以生物柴油-正丁醇-异戊醇（三者质量比为1∶1∶1）混合物为微乳化助溶剂,将其加入到甲醇柴油体系中,可制备甲醇柴油微乳燃料。结果表明,甲醇柴油微乳燃料最佳配方（质量分数）为：甲醇10%,0号柴油72%,微乳化助溶剂18%（生物柴油、正丁醇和异戊醇各占6%）。制得的甲醇柴油微乳燃料几乎不受机械力和温度的影响,属于热力学稳定体系。     

Development of environmentally friendly diesel fuel

The research related to the production of ecologically friendly diesel fuel by introducing a basic hydro treated fuel antiwear bioadditives prepared based on different raw materials. An analysis of existing anti-wear additives was carried out. The main characteristics of samples of environmentally friendly diesel fuel are determined. A reduction in the diameter of the fuel wear spot has been established, which means that a decrease in the wear of diesel engine parts has been achieved and the duration of its use has been increased. Studied the positive effects of the use of supplements to reduce the emission of exhaust gases into the atmosphere.     

船用残渣燃料油的研制

介绍了我国及周边国家船用残渣燃料油的市场需求情况。利用减压渣油、催化油浆、减一线馏分为原料研制出满足国标要求的船用残渣燃料油,并对其燃烧性能进行了表征。