面板厚度对复合材料夹层梁整体及局部弯曲力学性能影响

考虑芯材局部压陷效应,对泡沫夹芯复合材料夹层梁整体及局部弯曲力学性能进行研究。分析了上面板厚度对夹层梁整体及局部弯曲力学性能影响规律。首先,对三种不同厚度上面板夹层梁进行三点弯曲试验,结果表明,夹层梁破坏模式为芯材压陷破坏和芯材剪切破坏;上面板厚度越大,夹层梁极限承载力越大;增大上面板厚度能有效减弱加载点位置芯材局部压陷效应。其次,基于考虑芯材竖向压缩变形的高阶剪切变形理论,对试验梁整体及局部弯曲受力机理进行分析,得到夹层梁上、下面板不同位置挠度及应变的分布规律。最后,对不同试验梁极限承载力进行理论分析,并与试验结果对比。     

双向格构腹板增强泡沫夹层复合材料梁弯曲性能试验

复合材料夹层结构具有比强度高、比刚度高、可设计性强、耐腐蚀等特点,以聚氨酯泡沫为芯材,以玻璃纤维增强复合材料为面板和格构腹板,采用真空导入成型工艺,制备双向格构腹板增强泡沫夹层复合材料梁。对无格构泡沫夹芯复合材料梁,不同腹板高度、腹板间距双向格构增强泡沫夹层复合材料梁进行三点弯曲试验,研究其破坏模式和机理。基于泡沫填充矩形蜂窝芯材的等效十字模型,预估试件的抗弯刚度和挠度,计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

横向腹板增强复合材料夹层梁受弯性能试验研究

通过四点弯试验研究横向腹板增强复合材料夹层梁受弯性能,得到不同腹板间距、厚度对夹层梁弯曲破坏模式、刚度、极限承载力及延性性能的影响规律。结果表明:横向腹板能改变夹层梁的破坏模式,无腹板增强夹层梁破坏模式为芯材剪切破坏,横向腹板增强夹层梁破坏模式为多区格渐进破坏模式;相对于无腹板增强夹层梁,横向腹板能显著增强复合材料夹层梁的延性特性,最高达229%,腹板间距越小,夹层梁延性性能越好。     

格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯复合材料准静态压缩吸能试验

复合材料夹层结构具有轻质高强、弯曲刚度大、耐腐蚀、可设计性强、抗冲击、吸能效果好等特点,用玻璃纤维增强复合材料制作面板和格构腹板,以聚氨酯泡沫作为芯材,采用真空导入成型工艺,制备格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯复合材料试件。保持试件的平面尺寸不变,改变腹板间距、腹板高度、腹板铺层数和泡沫密度等参数,对试件进行准静态轴向压缩试验,对比研究其吸能性能。得到以下结论:格构腹板间距和厚度对抗压承载力和吸能性能影响较大,而泡沫芯材的密度影响较小;该新型复合材料的抗压承载力以及吸能性能随着腹板所占的体积比增大而增大,格构腹板对芯材的承载及吸能增强效果显著。     

剪跨比对腹板增强复合材料夹层梁受剪性能影响试验研究

对不同剪跨比(a/d)的纤维腹板增强复合材料夹层梁进行四点弯试验,得到其荷载-位移曲线和典型破坏模式,分析了不同剪跨比和纤维腹板厚度对其受剪机理影响规律。结果表明:剪跨比为1的试件承载力最大;随着剪跨比增加,腹板增强夹层梁极限承载力降低,延性性能降低,比强度降低;当夹层梁剪跨比小于3时,试件发生上面板压陷/芯材剪切破坏,当剪跨比大于3时,试件发生上面板受压屈服破坏;对具有相同剪跨比试件,纤维腹板能显著提高其极限承载力和延性性能,厚度越大,极限承载力提高效果越明显。     

FRP泡沫夹芯管轴压极限承载力试验研究

纤维增强树脂基复合材料泡沫夹芯管在较少提高承压试件重量的前提下较大地提高了承压试件的稳定性。为进一步了解设计参数对复合材料泡沫夹芯管轴压力学性能的影响,对四组复合材料泡沫夹芯管试件进行了轴压静载试验。结果表明,复合材料内外管纤维铺层组合对夹芯管轴压极限承载力及破坏模式有很大影响;不同的纤维铺层组合可使夹芯管的破坏模式由脆性破坏转为延性破坏;聚氨酯泡沫芯层密度在0.15~0.45g/cm3时对夹芯管轴压极限承载力的影响不大,通过试验得到了不同设计参数对复合材料泡沫夹芯管的轴压极限承载力的影响规律。     

格构腹板式界面增强泡桐木夹芯复合材料梁的弯曲性能试验

复合材料及其夹层结构具有轻质高强、耐腐蚀、节能保温等特点,以玻璃纤维增强复合材料作为面层和格构腹板,以泡桐木为芯材,采用真空导入成型工艺,制备出格构腹板式界面增加泡桐木夹芯复合材料梁。在保持试件总尺寸不变条件下,对木梁、无格构木芯梁、格构木芯梁进行了平面、侧面四点受弯性能试验研究对比。得出如下结论:同一种构造试件平面受压时所受的极限承载力和刚度比侧面受压时所受的极限承载力和刚度高;无格构木芯梁、格构木芯梁试件所受的极限承载力和刚度比木梁试件所受的极限承载力和刚度有明显的提高;格构木芯梁试件所受的极限承载力和刚度比无格构木芯梁试件所受的极限承载力和刚度有一定的提高。     

复合材料夹层梁受弯破坏模式试验与理论分析

本文对不同芯材、不同高跨比的轻质复合材料夹层梁进行了试验研究.通过对夹层梁的各种破坏模式进行分析,研究了夹层梁的破坏模式与荷载、材料基本力学性能、几何参数的关系,并在此基础上绘制了夹层梁破坏模式图,预测了夹层梁的破坏模式.试验结果与理论分析吻合较好,夹层梁设计参数变化会引起破坏模式的相应改变.     

格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯复合材料梁准静态压陷试验

采用真空导入成型工艺,制备以聚氨酯泡沫为芯材,以玻璃纤维增强复合材料为面板和格构腹板的双向格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯复合材料梁。对普通泡沫夹芯梁和格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯梁进行准静态压陷性能测试并进行对比分析。结果表明:格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯梁相对于普通泡沫夹芯梁,其抗压陷能力得到了显著提升,通过理论推导得出格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯复合材料梁准静态压陷表达式,并且与试验进行对比,结果较吻合。     

格构增强型复合材料夹层结构的制备与受力性能

真空导入成型工艺是一种新型的适合大型/异型复合材料结构件成型的技术.选用H-60 PVC泡沫、四轴向玻璃纤维布以及乙烯基酯树脂,通过在泡沫芯材上、下表面开槽,同时沿芯材厚度方向剖开,采用真空导入成型工艺制备出在结构上具有创新构型的格构增强型复合材料夹层结构.研究结果表明,真空导入成型工艺充模速度快、成型效益高;格构增强型复合材料夹层结构的剪切、平压与抗弯性能均较传统夹层结构得以提高;其格构腹板可有效抑制泡沫芯材剪切裂纹的扩展,避免面板与芯材的剥离破坏;阐明了格构增强型复合材料夹层结构的受弯极限承载能力.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。