海洋污损生物防除技术和发展(Ⅲ)——世界防污技术的历史和发展

本讲总结了船舶防污技术的历史发展过程和方向,包括最早的船体包覆铜皮技术,铜化合物防污漆,有机锡高聚物自抛光防污漆,无锡铜基自抛光防污漆,以及其它一些无毒防污漆,如低表面能防污漆,导电防污漆和生物防污技术等。     

丙烯酸锌自抛光防污涂料的配套性及防污性能研究

以自制的丙烯酸锌树脂为基料制备自抛光型防污涂料,研究了该自抛光防污漆与配套连接漆的附着特性,同时对该防污涂料的自抛光性能及防污性能进行了研究。结果表明,该防污涂料与配套连接漆的层间附着力大于2 MPa,且以防污漆内聚断裂为主,表明涂层具有较好的配套附着性;防污涂料的自抛光速率稳定,基本保持在65μm/a;经过3年浅海挂板试验后,漆膜表面无任何海洋污损生物附着,防污性能良好。     

船用低表面能防污材料的研究进展

海洋生物污损会增大船舶自重,使船体腐蚀速率加快,也会增加温室气体排放,这明显增加船舶运行成本。重点综述了有机硅和有机氟等低表面能防污涂料用于船体防污减阻的研究进展,阐述了其应用中的优势和缺点;分析了基于海洋生物表面微结构防污减阻的原理和微结构表面的制备方法,综述了抗菌物质特别是抗菌多肽修饰基底表面对污损生物附着的影响,比较了表面结构与表面物质对船体表面防污的影响,最后展望了低表面能防污涂层技术的应用前景与发展方向。     

有机硅改性环氧防污配套连接漆的制备与性能评价

有机硅污损释放型防污涂层(FRC)具有对环境友好和长效防污的优势,目前在船舶水下防污中已有大量应用,具有广阔的应用前景.船舶防腐底漆通常为环氧体系,直接在底漆表面涂覆FRC,易因环氧底漆与FRC相容性差、连接能力弱而脱落失效.因而,在环氧底漆和有机硅污损释放防污面漆之间涂覆中间连接漆显得十分必要.基于通用环氧防腐底漆、...     

海洋天然产物防污研究进展

多种海洋天然产物都具有防污活性 ,将其开发为高效无毒的防污涂料已成为防污技术发展方向之一。本文综述了海洋植物、海洋动物及海洋微生物中天然产物的防污活性 ,并对海洋天然产物防污研究进行了展望     

无毒和低毒防污涂料的研究进展及存在问题

防污涂料作为一个有效解决海生物污损的方法,在船舶、海洋水下设施上得到广泛应用。随着环保意识的增强以及各种相关规定的制订,各国开始竞相研制开发新型无毒和低毒防污涂料。本文在介绍无毒和低毒防污剂、防污涂料的种类、研究现状、应用效果的基础上,论述了从防污剂的筛选到防污涂料实船实验的一系列研制过程以及研制过程中存在的问题,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定防污漆中的锡总量

采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定防污漆中的锡总含量.采用抗坏血酸作为基体改进剂,能有效的减少防污漆中的Cu对Sn的信号抑制和干扰,在Sn含量较低的情况下,能明显提高测定的灵敏度.该方法对检测防污漆中的锡总量是可靠有效的.     

海洋污损生物防除技术和发展(Ⅳ)--中国船舶防污漆技术的发展过程

本讲介绍了新中国成立以来,我国船舶漆从无到有,从落后到目前接近或达到国际先进水平的整个发展过程,并列举了部分典型的防污漆产品。     

船舶防污方法研究进展

海洋生物污损是制约船舶业发展的重要问题。人们很早就开始对防污方法进行研究并先后采用机械除污法、涂覆防污涂料法、表面改性法等去除海洋附着生物。综述了船舶防污方法及其研究进展,通过分析各种防污方法的特点,指出了存在的问题,并对未来船舶防污的发展前景进行了展望。     

丙烯酸锌复合防污涂料的制备与防污性能评价

研制了一种以丙烯酸锌树脂为基料、以氧化亚铜和三种不同的有机物为防污助剂的船舶防污涂料,检测了在不同有机防污助剂体系中铜离子的渗出率,并对防污涂料进行了实海测试.     

Flow-Induced Instabilities in Pump-Turbines in China

The stability of pump-turbines is of great importance to the operation of pumped storage power (PSP) stations. Both hydraulic instabilities and operational instabilities have been reported in PSP stations in China. In order to provide a reference to the engineers and scientists working on pump-turbines, this paper summarizes the hydraulic instabilities and performance characteristics that promote the operational instabilities encountered in pump-turbine operations in China. Definitions, analytical methods, numerical and experimental studies, and main results are clarified. Precautions and countermeasures are also provided based on a literature review. The gaps between present studies and the need for engineering practice are pointed out.     

Differences in coagulation in clotting of vascular access in hemodialysis patients

Arteriovenous graft (AVG) thrombosis is a frequent cause of graft failure. We evaluated coagulation protein concentrations, platelet function, and viscoelasticity factors in 20 hemodialysis (HD) patients with AVGs. The goal was to determine whether significant differences in protein concentrations, platelet function, and viscoelasticity factors exist among dialysis patients requiring frequent AVG declot procedures vs. those who do not. Twenty HD patients were enrolled: 10 frequent clotters (>3 declots in the previous year) and 10 were nonclotters. Patients on antiplatelets or chronic anticoagulation were excluded. Laboratories were drawn pretreatment and heparinase was added to counteract any potential heparin effect. Coagulation protein concentrations including tissue factor (TF), thrombin/antithrombin III complex (TAT), and prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F₁₊₂) were assayed. The time to clot onset was measured by force onset time (FOT). Platelet contractile force (PCF) measured the force produced by platelets during clot retraction, whereas clot rigidity was measured as clot elastic modulus (CEM). FOT, CEM, and PCF were measured by Hemodyne. Both groups had upregulation of the TF pathway, as TF, TAT, and F₁₊₂ levels were similarly increased over baseline levels. Hemodialysis patients with frequent AVG clotting had higher levels of both PCF and CEM compared with nonclotters. Additionally, the frequent clotters had a lower FOT relative to nonclotters, although both were considered in the normal range. Our study suggests that HD patients with recurrent AVG thrombotic events form clots with higher tensile strength compared with HD patients without recurrent graft thrombosis.     

Trends in alcohol-impaired driving in Canada

While a general decreasing trend in the number of persons killed in a traffic crash involving a drinking driver has occurred in Canada since the 1980s, it is evident that much of this decrease occurred in the 1990s. Since 2002, less progress has been made as the number of persons killed in crashes involving drinking drivers remains high. To better understand the current situation, this paper describes trends in drinking and driving in Canada from 1998 to 2011 using multiple indicators based on data collected for the Traffic Injury Research Foundation's (TIRF) Road Safety Monitor (RSM), the National Opinion Poll on Drinking and Driving, and trends in alcohol-related crashes based on data collected for TIRF's national Fatality Database in Canada. There has been a continued and consistent decrease in the number of fatalities involving a drinking driver in Canada. This remains true when looking at the number of fatalities involving a drinking driver per 100,000 population and per 100,000 licensed drivers. This decreasing trend is also still apparent when considering the percentage of persons killed in a traffic crash in Canada involving a drinking driver although less pronounced. Data from the RSM further show that the percentage of those who reported driving after they thought they were over the legal limit has also declined. However, regardless of the apparent decreasing trend in drinking driving fatalities and behaviour, reductions have been relatively modest, and fatalities in crashes involving drivers who have consumed alcohol remain high at unacceptable levels.     

Gender differences in publication productivity in psychology in India

An analysis of gender differences in psychology in India provides quantitative and qualitative assessment of R&D output contributed by psychologists with the indication of the trend of growth, skewness, relatedness, co-authorship pattern of productivity.     

离子液体中电沉积的研究进展

离子液体作为绿色溶剂和可设计性溶剂越来越受到重视.对电沉积来说,离子液体融合了高温熔盐和水溶液的优点.分别综述了AlCl3型离子液体、非AlCl3型离子液体和其他新型离子液体3类离子液体中电沉积的研究现状,在此基础上指出了目前尚存在的问题及今后的研究方向.采用离子液体进行电沉积能克服传统水溶液电沉积时存在的缺点,为电沉积领域找到了新的突破点,是一种很有应用前景的方法.     

高聚物银纹化的研究进展

结合最新的研究进展,对银纹引发、生长与断裂,银纹细观结构以及裂纹在银纹中的扩展等问题作了较全面的介绍和分析,对这一领域未来的研究方向和重点进行了展望。     

铁电陶瓷中电畴翻转研究进展

电畴为铁电陶瓷固有的独特微观组织特征之一,铁电陶瓷的许多性能均与其密切有关.综述了铁电陶瓷中的电畴结构,系统介绍了电场、机械作用引起的电畴翻转,概述了电畴翻转对铁电陶瓷断裂韧性的影响及其研究进展.     

Standardization in the Cultural Heritage in China

China has begun its standardization process in the cultural heritage since 1960.The standards contributed a lot to the development of the heritage conservation practices. In this paper, the author summaries the existing condition of standardization in the cultural heritages and museums field in China, and presents Standards for the Classification of Collected Cultural Heritages. Also this paper points out the problems which exist in the standardization in the cultural heritage, and gives the advice to solve these problems.