EP/SCF吸波涂层的介电性能和吸波效果研究

选择电导率不同的短碳纤维(SCF)为吸收剂制备了一系列环氧树脂(EP)/SCF吸波涂层,在一定的频率范围内测试EP/SCF涂层的介电常数和反射率,研究了SCF的电导率对EP/SCF涂层介电性能和吸波性能的影响。结果表明,在一定条件下,SCF的电导率越大,在8~18 GHz频段内EP/SCF涂层的介电常数实部和虚部也越大;EP/SCF涂层在8~18 GHz频段的吸波性能也随着SCF电导率的增大而增强;EP/SCF涂层的吸波性能在8~18 GHz频段内存在最大吸收点,越靠近最大吸收点,SCF的电导率对涂层吸波性能的影响越明显。     

热处理对EP/CF及EP/CF/GF复合材料力学性能的影响

采用真空辅助树脂转移模塑（VARTM）技术制备了环氧树脂/碳纤维（EP/CF）和环氧树脂/碳纤维/玻璃纤维毡（EP/CF/GF）复合材料。测试了两种纤维铺层方式中树脂流动距离的平方与流动时间的关系,对两种铺层纤维体系的渗透率进行了研究对比;将两种复合材料进行高温处理,并且对其高温处理前后的力学性能进行分析;利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了复合材料的拉伸断口形貌。结果表明,EP/CF/GF中GF毡的松散结构使树脂更易流动;高温热处理造成了EP/CF弹性模量和拉伸应变的降低,其中弹性模量降低了9.97 %、拉伸应变降低了11.36 %,但对EP/CF/GF的影响较小;GF毡的加入造成了2种复合材料弯曲性能的下降;未经处理的复合材料断口表面光滑,而热处理后的复合材料断口表面粗糙且有大量基体附着。     

氮化硅/碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的制备研究

采用高温模压成型法制备氮化硅/碳纤维/环氧树脂导热复合材料(SiN/CF/EP)。研究了34SiN用量和表面改性对SiN/CF/EP复合材料导热性能、导电性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,复合材料3434的导热性能随SiN质量分数的增加而增大,当SiN质量分数为40%时,导热率为1.02W/mK;而3434SiN/CF/EP复合材料的导电率随SiN质量分数的增加而呈线性降低;力学性能则随SiN质量分数的增加先343434增大后降低。表面改性有助于进一步提高SiN/CF/EP复合材料的导热性能和力学性能。34     

GF/ACF电路屏复合材料吸波性能研究

将一定尺寸的玻璃纤维片(GF-sheet)填充至矩形活性碳纤维(Activated Carbon Fiber,ACF)电路屏空穴中,制备了GF/ACF电路屏复合材料,研究了GF-sheet尺寸对ACF电路屏复合材料电磁波反射及吸收特性的影响。结果表明,在均匀分布的ACF电路屏空穴中填充相应尺寸的GF-sheet能有效降低复合材料对电磁波的反射特性,增强吸波能力;GF水平排布的反射性能优于垂直排布;当在正方形ACF电路屏空穴中填充边长l=2 cm的GF-sheet时,最低反射值达到-29.8 d B,其吸波性能较未填充GF-sheet的复合材料,其-10 d B以下的最低反射衰减提高了60.4%,达到-21.5 d B,有效带宽有所拓宽;当在长方形ACF电路屏空穴中填充l=2 cm,w=1 cm的GF-sheet,反射衰减最低,最低反射衰减为-16.1 d B,有效带宽为12.1 GHz。     

碳纳米管/金属Ni/稀土氧化物复合材料用于增强夹层结构的吸波性能

将碳纳米管、纳米氧化镧、微米金属Ni粉、微米氧化镱分散至环氧树脂,将该环氧树脂混合物填充复合材料夹层结构的夹层,来探究该复合材料结构的吸波性能。利用网络矢量分析仪对该结构进行检测。结果表明,该复合材料结构在吸波分贝和吸波带宽方面都有提升,具有良好的吸波性能。在2.99~18.00GHz频段内,反射分贝出现三次波峰:第一个波峰的吸波带宽(-5d B)为2.55GHz,最大值出现在4.86GHz,为-23.78d B。第二个波峰的吸波带宽(-5d B)为3.75GHz,最大值出现在10.35GHz,为-21.07d B。第三个波峰吸波带宽(-5d B)为5.66GHz,最大值出现在14.04GHz,为-13.65d B。整体的吸波带宽(-5d B)达到11.96GHz,占全部测试频率的80%。另外,该复合材料结构对电磁波的损耗比例也有提升。     

用于水润滑轴承的聚氨酯/环氧树脂/短切碳纤维复合材料的制备及摩擦学性能

以环氧树脂(EP)和短切碳纤维(SCF)为改性剂对聚氨酯(PU)进行改性,制备了PU/EP/SCF复合材料,研究了复合材料的物理机械性能和摩擦学性能。结果表明,当SCF质量分数为7.5%时,PU/EP/SCF复合材料具有最佳的物理机械性能和摩擦学性能,拉伸强度和扯断伸长率分别为16.5 MPa、157.5%,干摩擦条件下摩擦系数和磨损率分别为0.48和1.44×10~(-4)mm~3/(N·m)。     

纤维增强聚苯硫醚复合材料摩擦磨损性能的研究

分别以玻璃纤维(GF)与碳纤维(CF)作为增强体制备了聚苯硫醚(PPS)纤维增强复合材料。研究了GF/PPS和CF/PPS复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,以及不同体积分数的纤维增强体、不同载荷与滑动速度对复合材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:GF与CF的引入有效地提高了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能;随纤维体积分数的增加复合材料的摩擦系数逐渐增加,随载荷的增加复合材料的摩擦系数逐渐降低,但磨损率增大。     

镀镍碳纤维-芳纶纤维增强复合材料性能研究

试验选用碳纳米管分散到树脂中作为吸收剂,选用芳纶纤维作为吸波层增强纤维,镀镍碳纤维作为反射层增强体,用热压罐工艺制备复合材料板材。主要对复合材料的吸波性能、屏蔽效能、密度、拉伸强度进行了测试。结果表明,用芳纶纤维/镀镍碳纤维作为增强纤维、碳纳米管作为吸收剂制备的复合材料,在8.1GHz-12.4GHz频段内反射率小于-10d B,峰值达到15.59d B;在10GHz的屏蔽为98d B;密度为1.51g/cm~3;拉伸强度为573MPa。可以广泛用于设备舱的外蒙皮材料,具有很好的隐身和防电磁泄露性能。     

短纤维增强热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料的性能研究

通过短切碳纤维(CF)与热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)共混改性制得一系列不同CF质量分数(含量)、不同方法处理CF的碳纤维/TPU复合材料。重点研究了不同CF质量分数和不同表面处理方法对碳纤维/TPU复合材料的微观形态、物理机械性能、热性能和动态力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:随着CF质量分数的提高,复合材料的杨氏模量和压缩模量逐渐提高,当CF质量分数为25%时,拉伸强度出现最大值。热性能和动态性能也均以CF质量分数为25%时最佳。各种表面处理中以胺基硅烷KH5501处理CF对CF/TPU复合材料的机械性能和热稳定性改善效果明显;而TCA-K44和浓硝酸氧化刻蚀CF/TPU复合材料则表现出较好的韧性和弹性。SEM分析结果表明,TPU与CF间具有很好的粘接。     

基于FBG传感器的CF/GF混杂复合材料界面变形研究

利用FBG传感器对采用真空导入模塑工艺制作的CF/GF(Carbon Fiber/Glass Fiber)混杂复合材料在固化成型过程中以及成型后的界面性能进行了检测,此外,为了对比研究混杂复合材料的性能,还检测了CF/CF层和GF/GF层在成型和成型后的应变变化。结果显示:GF/GF、GF/CF和CF/CF复合材料的应变与温度之间存在良好的线性关系,且热膨胀系数的大小顺序为GF/GF层GF/CF层CF/CF层;FBG传感器监测CF/GF混杂复合材料热膨胀系数的转折温度与基体树脂的T_g值(79.09℃)相吻合;CF/GF混杂复合材料在20~120℃范围内升温、降温过程中未发生界面破坏。     

Compact Swelling in Bi1.4Pb0.6Sr2Ca2Cu3.6Oy During the Formation of High-Tc Superconducting Phase

Compact swelling in Pb-doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor has been studied by observing the effects of the size of calcined powders, volatilization of materials, and sintering of high- T _c (2223) powders. The bulk density increases at the early stage of sintering, for about 20 h, and then decreases. Densification occurs when the low- T _c (2212) phase and a liquid phase exist, whereas dedensification occurs with the formation of the 2223 phase regardless of the presence of the liquid. Gas evolution from specimens does not appear to be responsible for compact swelling. Compact swelling is explained by anisotropic growth of thin, platelike 2223 grains in random orientation. When 2223 grains grow in a preferred direction, compact swelling is suppressed.     

Synthetic routes to nanoscale BxCyNz architectures

B_xC_yN_z nanoscale materials, hybrids of h-BN and graphite, have been recently synthesised using various techniques. Here, we present the latest advances in the synthesis and characterisation of B-C-N nanotubes and nanofibres. In particular, we focus on layered BC₂N, BN, BC and CN_x systems, reviewing their production methods as well as their structural and electronic properties. These materials may find important applications in the fabrication of nanotransistors, robust nanocomposites, conducting polymers, storage components and field emission sources.     

Microwave Dielectric Properties of CaTiO3-CaAl1/2Nb1/2O3 Ceramics Doped with Li3NbO4

The microwave dielectric properties of CaTi_{1− x} (Al_1/2Nb_1/2) _x O₃ solid solutions (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) have been investigated. The sintered samples had perovskite structures similar to CaTiO₃. The substitution of Ti⁴⁺ by Al³⁺/Nb⁵⁺ improved the quality factor Q of the sintered specimens. A small addition of Li₃NbO₄ (about 1 wt%) was found to be very effective for lowering sintering temperature of ceramics from 1450–1500° to 1300°C. The composition with x = 0.5 sintered at 1300°C for 5 h revealed excellent dielectric properties, namely, a dielectric constant (ɛ_r) of 48, a Q × f value of 32 100 GHz, and a temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency (τ_f) of −2 ppm/K. Li₃NbO₄ as a sintering additive had no harmful influence on τ_f of ceramics.     

Preparation and properties of poly(Nε,Nε-dicarboxymethyl-l-lysine)

A new ampholytic homopolypeptide, $\text{poly}\text{(N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{,N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{-}\text{dicarboxy-methyl-}\text{l}\text{-lysine}\text{)}$, which has one tertiary amino and two carboxyl groups in the side chain has been derived from a hydrochloride salt of poly(L-lysine). The polymer in aqueous solution seems to be in the coil form with locally extended structure (LES) at neutral pH. In both the acidic and alkaline regions, the molar ellipticity of the polymer changes as a result of change in net charge on the side chain. The conformational changes may be from the coil with LES to other coiled forms. 5–7 M NaClO₄ and 80% aqueous methanol induce the α-helix in the polymer at neutral pH. Divalent cations, Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺, do not induce any remarkably ordered structures such as α-helix or β-structure in the polymer in aqueous solution at any pH. Ultraviolet absorption studies show an absorption peak of the polymer-Cu²⁺ complex near 240 nm. Dependence of the peak intensity on pH at various q values ($\text{q =}\text{[}\text{Cu}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{]}\text{[}\text{residue}\text{]}$) indicates the two steps of the complex formation. At q less than 0.64, the formation is described only with the first step. An average coordination number for Cu²⁺ at the first step was calculated to be about 2 by the method of Mandel and Leyte. The association constant of Cu²⁺ with the residue at the step was determined from the absorption data to be far smaller than that for the Cu²⁺-EDTA complex. The second step of the formation occurs in the case of large q but the absorption data for the second step cannot be obtained exactly due to precipitation.     

Structure Evolution from Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 to La(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3

The crystal structure of lanthanum-modified lead magnesium niobates having composition (Pb_{1− x} La _x ) (Mg_{(1+ x )/3}-Nb_{(2− x )/3})O₃ with X = 0 to 1 was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction. It was found that the fundamental reflections from perovskite structure remain in the whole range of composition. The superlattice reflections from the A(B'_1/2-B"_1/2)O₃ ordered structure are also well preserved for La content greater than 50 at.%; however, a series of extra peaks of mixing indices appears, with intensities gradually enhanced with the increase of La content. For the complete substitution of Pb by La, a splitting of some reflections can be observed in the diffraction pattern. The results indicate that the crystal structure evolves continuously with the La content, from disordered cubic perovskite of space group Pm 3 m for X = 0, to ordered cubic perovskite of space group Fm 3 m for X = 0.5, distorted cubic perovskite of space group Pa 3 for 0.5 < X < 0.9, and finally to a rhombohedral perovskite, possibly belonging to the space group R 3 , for X ≥ 0.9. In the evolution of structure, a linear reduction of the lattice constant of the perovskite cell from 4.048 to 3.964 Å was observed.     

Characteristic Spherulitic Microstructure in Partial-Melt-Processed YBa2Cu3Ox/HfO2

The microstructure of partial-melt-processed YBa₂Cu₃O _x /HfO₂ has been studied by transmission electron microscopy. A characteristic spherulitic microstructure is formed in the system. A model for the growth mechanism has been proposed. The critical heterogeneous nucleation of the YBa₂Cu₃O _x phase appears to occur from the melt in an epitaxially controlled manner on CuO particles. Subsequent growth of YBa₂Cu₃O _x platelets from the nucleus region is repeatedly interrupted by the nucleation of hafnium-rich phases in the liquid at the solid/liquid interface in a manner that again appears to be epitaxially controlled and that promotes the splay of the c orientation of the YBaCuO grain.