聚苯胺/聚合物透明导电复合膜研究进展

论述了聚苯胺/聚合物透明导电复合膜的制备及性能.原位聚合法、掺杂聚苯胺旋转涂膜法和机械共混浇铸法均可制备透明导电复合膜.所得复合膜具有良好的透明性、导电性、环境稳定性及耐疲劳性能.     

柔性智能聚苯胺/聚氨酯导电纳米纤维的制备及性能

利用静电纺丝技术制备聚氨酯(PU)纳米纤维,采用原位聚合法在纤维表面聚合导电聚合物聚苯胺(PANI),得到具有优良导电性能的柔性PU/PANI复合纳米导电纤维。通过扫描电镜观察到表面均匀包覆聚苯胺的复合纳米纤维;红外光谱结果证明在聚氨酯纳米纤维表面成功合成了聚苯胺。通过实验可知,聚苯胺最佳聚合工艺为苯胺单体浓度为1.3 mol/L、聚合时间为120 min。导电性能测试发现,PU/PANI复合纳米纤维导电性能优良,电导率可达7.6×10-1S/cm,经聚合后力学性能较为稳定。将PU/PANI导电纳米纤维制成简易柔性传感器件,探究发现PU/PANI导电纳米纤维具有柔性应变电学性质,且反应灵敏。     

锆钛酸铅/聚苯胺/聚氨酯三元阻尼复合材料

为减少压电陶瓷/导电填料/聚合物阻尼复合材料中填料的含量,制备了锆钛酸铅(PZT)/聚苯胺/聚氨酯三元复合材料,其中,聚苯胺(PANI)通过原位聚合的方法包覆于压电陶瓷粒子的表面.采用FTIR,TGA,SEM、EDS研究了PANI包覆PZT的组成和形态.用DMA评价了复合材料的阻尼性能.结果表明,通过原位聚合的方法能够制备PANI包覆的PZT粉末;三元复合材料的阻尼性能与PANI的导电率有关,在一定的PANI导电率时达到最大,并且在任意导电率下均高于单一聚氨酯.用PANI包覆的压电陶瓷与聚合物复合,能够提高聚合物的阻尼性能.通过调整PANI的导电率,可以使材料的阻尼性能达到相应振动频率下的最大值.     

原位聚合法制备PANI/EP导电防腐蚀涂层

传统方法制备的聚苯胺防腐蚀导电涂层,聚苯胺易下沉,使涂层电导率差.为此,借用原位聚合方法制备了聚苯胺/环氧树脂(PANI/EP)复合防腐蚀涂层.利用相应的性能测试方法检测和比较了不同反应条件下(如苯胺单体用量、引发剂的用量、酸量、聚合时间)合成的聚苯胺复合涂层的导电性能,并将其与传统方法制备的涂层进行了比较.结果表明:降低了氧化剂、酸的用量;因为降低了聚苯胺的粒径而减轻了聚苯胺粒子在涂层中的下沉,从而提高了涂层的导电性能,电导率达到1.6×10-2S/m.     

壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇复合纳米导电纤维的制备及性能表征

以壳聚糖(CS)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)和纳米石墨粉(G)为原料,利用静电纺丝技术分别制备了壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混纳米纤维及壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇/纳米石墨粉复合纳米纤维,采用原位聚合法在纤维表面聚合导电聚合物聚苯胺,得到具有优良导电性能的聚合CS/PVA和聚合CS/PVA/G复合纳米纤维。通过扫描镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱等测试手段对纤维的形貌和结构进行表征。结果表明,聚苯胺均匀包覆在经原位聚合的复合纳米纤维表面,提高了纤维的导电性能,纳米石墨粉与聚苯胺形成插入化合物进一步提高了纤维的导电性能。     

碳纳米管/导电聚苯胺复合材料的制备及相互作用研究进展

综述了近年来通过原位聚合法和化学共价法制备碳纳米管/导电聚苯胺复合材料的最新研究进展,并且重点分析了碳纳米管、聚苯胺之间的相互作用.与原位聚合法相比,化学共价法制备的碳纳米管/导电聚苯胺分子间除了π-π相互作用外,还存在着强烈的化学键作用,能够显著提高导电聚苯胺的热稳定性,同时,导电聚苯胺可提高官能化碳纳米管的电化学氧化还原稳定性.     

可溶性导电聚合物的制备研究进展

导电高分子材料是一类附加值高、具有广泛应用前景的新兴材料,但其刚性大、难溶等缺点限制了其应用范围。从改善导电聚合物溶解性及加工性的原理出发,综述了聚乙炔、聚吡咯、聚噻吩和聚苯胺等导电聚合物制备方法的研究进展,探讨了不同制备方法的优缺点,指出了可溶性导电聚合物研究存在的问题和发展方向。     

手性聚苯胺的研究进展

手性聚苯胺是一种特殊的导电聚合物,在分子识别、手性拆分、吸波材料等方面有着潜在的应用.合成高手性聚苯胺的研究方法已成为近年来的研究热点.综述了手性聚苯胺的研究进展,详细介绍了手性聚苯胺的制备方法,包括原位化学氧化聚合法、电化学聚合法、二次掺杂法、模板法、自组装法和低聚物辅助法等,展望了未来的发展方向.     

导电高分子材料聚苯胺及其开发前景

就导电高分子材料聚苯胺的电化学聚合、化学合成、聚合物结构、聚合物的特性及其应用等予以综述；结合科研实践提出了聚苯胺在防腐、防污领域中的开发前景。     

聚丙烯酸盐／聚苯胺导电水凝胶的合成研究

采用两步水溶液聚合法使被吸收到聚丙烯酸盐高吸水性聚合物网络内部的苯胺单体原位聚合制备电导率为2．33mS·cm^-1的聚丙烯酸盐／聚苯胺导电水凝胶。建立了一维聚苯胺链与三维聚丙烯酸盐网络互穿的结构模型，对载流子（质子）沿聚苯胺链传导的机制进行了探讨。该新型导电水凝胶具有明显的pH敏感性，在pH为4～6和pH〉12处出现两个尖峰。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from