PMI泡沫的耐高温压缩蠕变性能

聚合物泡沫芯材的耐高温压缩蠕变性能对复合材料泡沫夹层结构的共固化成型有重要意义。本文介绍了聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)泡沫耐高温压缩蠕变性能的研究现状,分析了PMI泡沫耐高温压缩蠕变性能的材料和环境影响因素,最后对可应用于泡沫耐高温压缩蠕变性能测试的几种方法进行了比较。     

固化压力对PMI泡沫/高温固化环氧碳纤维夹层复合材料胶接性能影响的研究

针对PMI泡沫/环氧碳纤维夹层结构复合材料的热压罐胶接成型工艺,系统研究了不同密度的PMI泡沫在0.2 MPa与0.3 MPa下的热稳定性能、蠕变性能。同时分别考察了不同厚度、不同处理条件的PMI泡沫在热压罐中的压缩变形情况,总结了压力对泡沫的尺寸稳定性的影响规律。通过研究PMI泡沫/环氧碳纤维夹层结构复合材料的力学性能,比较了不同固化压力下PMI泡沫与碳纤维面板胶接质量。结果表明,密度大的泡沫的抗蠕变性能好。泡沫的高温蠕变性能受压力影响敏感,随着压力增大,变形量迅速增大。经130℃热处理2 h后PMI泡沫的抗蠕变性有所提高。采用0.2 MPa与0.3 MPa胶接的PMI泡沫/高温固化环氧碳纤维阶层结构的抗滚筒剥离强度差别较大。抗剪切强度、抗平面拉伸强度及抗弯曲强度无明显差别。     

聚四氟乙烯/聚苯酯共混物的蠕变及结晶性能研究

采用塑料材料压缩蠕变测试仪分析了聚四氟乙烯/聚苯酯(PTFE/POB)共混物的高温压缩蠕变性能,研究了共混物的压缩回复性能,通过差示扫描量热仪分析了共混物的结晶性能,并探讨了POB含量对共混物蠕变性能和结晶性能的影响。结果表明,随着POB含量的增加,共混物的耐蠕变性能呈现先增大后减小的趋势;加入POB后,共混物结晶度增大,在POB含量为20%时出现峰值,结晶速率随POB含量的增加而增大。     

PMI泡沫夹芯复合材料湿热老化性能研究

通过对夹芯结构复合材料湿热老化性能的研究,探究环境对夹芯结构复合材料性能的影响。实验中采用了聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)、玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂(SW110C/608)复合材料面板制备了PMI泡沫夹芯结构复合材料,研究了PMI泡沫夹芯结构复合材料的耐湿热老化特性,并讨论了湿热对PMI泡沫夹芯结构复合材料的压缩性能以及弯曲性能的影响。结果发现,PMI泡沫夹芯结构复合材料浸泡在水中时的饱和吸湿时间为30d,饱和吸水率为4.08%,通过Fick第二扩散定律发现水分子在PMI泡沫中的扩散系数为水分子在面板扩散系数的29.29倍,由于水分子的增塑作用以及浓度梯度扩散的影响,湿热处理后的PMI泡沫夹芯复合材料的平压强度下降了32.86%,侧压强度下降了16.73%,弯曲强度下降了23.94%。     

垫片高温性能及其表示方法

实验研究了柔性石墨复合垫片、金属包覆垫片、非石棉纤维橡胶垫片、石棉橡胶垫片的常温和高温力学性能和密封性能,探讨了垫片高温密封的基本规律,提出了较好地表征垫片压缩回弹特性、基本密封特性和蠕变性能的公式,通过试验数据的回归分析,得到了公式中的各系数,为高温工况下密封件的选用、螺栓法兰连接设计和紧密性评定提供了依据。     

短切芳纶纤维增强酚醛泡沫性能的研究

为了改善酚醛泡沫的性能,选用短切芳纶纤维作为增强材料,考察了不同短切芳纶纤维用量对酚醛泡沫压缩强度、压缩弹性模量、泡孔结构以及热稳定性能的影响。结果表明,短切芳纶纤维可以有效地增强酚醛泡沫的压缩性能。随着短切芳纶纤维用量的增加,酚醛泡沫的压缩强度和压缩弹性模量呈现先增加后减小的变化趋势。当短切芳纶纤维用量为4份时,酚醛泡沫的压缩强度比未添加短切芳纶纤维的酚醛泡沫提高约38%。短切芳纶纤维用量影响酚醛泡沫的泡体直径及其分布。当短切芳纶纤维用量为8份时,短切芳纶纤维在酚醛泡沫中的分布很不均匀,酚醛泡沫脆断截面上泡体破损现象较为严重,集束分布的短切芳纶纤维对酚醛泡沫的结构和力学性能带来不利影响。添加短切芳纶纤维可以明显提高酚醛泡沫在高温条件下(400℃)的热稳定性。     

压缩非石棉纤维橡胶垫片密封材料性能研究的进展

综述了压缩非石棉纤维橡胶垫片密封材料(CFS)的性能研究和发展、应用现状，对CFS的基本性能、高温时效性能、蠕变松驰行为和垫片常数的研究和发展情况作了较系统的介绍。     

夹层结构用泡沫芯材的耐水性能

通过长时间常温水浴浸泡实验研究了夹层结构常用的三种泡沫芯材——聚氯乙烯(PVC)泡沫、聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)泡沫、聚氨酯(PUR)泡沫在常温下的吸水率随浸泡时间变化的情况,分析了其吸水机理,并对其吸水后压缩强度进行了测试。结果表明,相同密度下,分别与PMI泡沫和PUR泡沫相比,PVC泡沫的饱和吸水率最低、压缩强度保持率最高;密度为60 kg/m3时,PMI泡沫饱和吸水率达到395%,远高于PVC泡沫的饱和吸水率(47%)。在此基础上进一步研究了密度对PVC泡沫耐水性能的影响,结果表明,随着密度的降低,PVC泡沫的饱和吸水率逐渐升高,吸水90 d时的压缩强度保持率有所降低,但均保持在90%以上。当密度为100 kg/m3时,PVC泡沫饱和吸水率仅为10%,吸水90 d时的压缩强度保持率为99.6%,适宜应用于水下或航海等领域。     

环氧树脂/空心玻璃微珠泡沫材料性能研究

以高强度环氧树脂为基体,表面改性处理的空心玻璃微珠(HGB)为填料,经高温固化制备了环氧树脂/HGB泡沫材料,并研究了HGB类型、HGB含量和固化剂用量对泡沫材料压缩性能的影响。研究发现,随着HGB填充量的增大,泡沫材料的密度和压缩强度均下降。当固化剂与环氧树脂物质的量比为0.85时,泡沫材料的抗压性能最好,压缩强度为40.19 MPa。偶联剂改性HGB可以有效改善HGB和基体树脂的粘合效果。当改性HGB质量分数为80%时,与未改性环氧树脂相比,环氧树脂/改性HGB泡沫材料压缩强度提高了5.0%,吸水率下降40.6%。     

聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫的制备及其压缩性能

聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)泡沫通过两步制得:(1)本体聚合得到可发性的甲基丙烯酸/丙烯腈共聚物板;(2)190℃发泡1 h制得PMI泡沫.采用电子万能试验机、数码照相机和扫描电子显微镜对压缩及拉伸性能进行了分析.表明热处理之后泡沫压缩强度有大幅提高;拉伸强度提高幅度较小,但断裂伸长率明显下降;压缩破坏源于泡孔结构的皱弯变形,并形成屈服层,呈现出层层扩散式破坏特征.     

Synthesis of dysprosium/Mn–Cu ferrite binary nanocomposite: Analysis of structural,morphological, dielectric,and optomagnetic properties

Manganese–copper ferrite (MCFO) and dysprosium (Dy)-doped manganese–copper ferrite nanocomposites (Mn_0.5Cu_0.5Dy_xFe_2−xO₄) (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15) were synthesized by sonochemical method. Crystal structure and the structural parameters of the MCFO were analyzed based on the doping concentration of Dy ion. It was observed that the average crystalline size of the synthesized nanocomposite decreases when the concentration of Dy increases. The existing spherical surface morphology of the MCFO and Dy-doped MCFO nanocomposites were obtained through scanning electron microscopy. In the UV spectrum, the pristine MCFO sample showed an absorbance peak at 743 nm whereas the absorbance values of Dy-doped ferrite nanocomposite considerably shifted (blue) toward a lower wavelength (231–222 nm). The dielectric parameters of all ferrite nanocomposites were studied in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 5 MHz. The dielectric spectrum revealed that dielectric constant and loss tangent decreased with increased doping concentration of Dy ion. The saturation magnetization also changed with Dy doping in MCFO. The impact of Dy on manganese–copper ferrite changed the optical, dielectric and magnetic properties of the prepared binary ferrite nanocomposite, which can be used for microwave-absorbing material applications.     

Mechanical Properties of Compression Molded Banana Pseudo-stem Filled Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (UPVC) Composites

Mechanical strengths of a banana pseudo-stem (BPS) fiber and unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) composite were evaluated to assess the possibility of using it as a new material in engineering applications. Samples were fabricated by the compression molding process with reference to the effect of filler loading. The samples were submitted to mechanical tests to measure tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the composites. The nature of adhesion between the matrix and the reinforcement and information relating the structure of mechanical properties can be obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assessment of the composite fracture surface. The mechanical properties show that the composites did not have good adhesion between filler and matrix; on the other hand, the filler insertion improved the flexural modulus and the material rigidity.     

核壳型纳米粒子合成方法及其性能的研究进展

核壳纳米粒子作为复合纳米粒子一个重要的分支,由于其光、磁和催化等方面的优异性能,近年来引起了人们广泛的关注.本文主要介绍了核壳纳米粒子的制备方法及诸多性能,并对核壳纳米粒子的发展进行了展望.     

单向玻璃纤维-铝合金层板的几种力学性能研究

本文用实验方法研究了单向玻璃纤维-铝合金层板的拉伸性能、疲劳性能和冲击性能。利用金属体积分数理论验证了这类层板的拉伸性能。通过对其疲劳性能的实验研究，发现裂纹扩展速率的大小及刚度的下降与加载的最大循环应力密切相关的规律。实验发现该层板具有比铝合金好得多的冲击性能。     

TMPTMA在硅橡胶中的应用研究

研究了助交联剂三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TMPTMA)对硅橡胶硫化性能、力学性能、低温性能和粘接性能的影响。结果表明,加入少量TMPTMA能改善硅橡胶的硫化特性和工艺性,提高硫化胶的硬度,降低硅橡胶的结晶温度,并有效提高硅橡胶与金属的粘接强度;但TMPTMA用量超过一定数值后,由于TMPTMA部分自聚合,在硅橡胶内形成一定的交联网络,造成两相界面粘接力变差,致使硅橡胶的拉伸强度降低。当TMPTMA用量为1份时,硅橡胶具有最佳的综合性能。     

聚氨酯种类对机械性能以及阻尼性能影响研究

分别以聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMEG)、聚氧化丙烯二醇(PPG-1000)为软段,以二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI-50、MDI-100LL),以及扩链剂1,4-丁二醇(BDO)、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为硬段,采用预聚体法制备了聚氨酯弹性体。并系统研究了聚氨酯体系中各组分的种类对材料机械性能和阻尼性能的影响。     

A new precursor to lightweight porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics with enhanced microwave transmissivity

Nowadays, complicated preparation processes and harsh sintering conditions wave transparent ceramics limit its further development. To solve this problem, we explore a promising precursor by adopting a polymerization-pyrolysis method to prepare porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics at a mild sintering condition (1000 °C). The porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics exhibits enhanced wave transparency at 10–16 GHz with a low dielectric constant (<3), a low loss angle tangent value (<0.01), and simultaneously, a relative high flexible strength of 82 MPa. According to the results of the XRD and FTIR analysis, porous Al₄B₂O₉ crystallization dispersed in the amorphous SiO₂ matrix constructs the main phases of the products. The changes of Al and B elements are confirmed to have an effect on the phase compositions and micro structure of the composite ceramics, which obviously affect the mechanical and dielectric properties of the derived ceramics. The as-prepared porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics could be a potential candidate for next generation electronic window materials due to its low dielectric constant and loss angle tangent value, as well as high flexible strength.     

Effects of support and additive on oxidation state and activity of Pt catalyst in propane combustion

The effects of support and additive on the oxidation state and catalytic activity of Pt catalyst in the low temperature propane combustion were systematically investigated on Pt/MgO, Pt/Al₂O₃ and Pt/SiO₂–Al₂O₃. The catalytic activity varied much with both support materials and additives. The catalyst on the more acidic support showed higher activity, and the catalytic activity on every support materials increased as the electronegativity of additives increased, while some additives decreased the activity. The oxidation state of platinum, estimated by white line intensity of Pt L_III-edge XANES spectrum, also varied with the support and additives, and additives with higher electronegativity greatly prevented the platinum from its oxidation under oxidising atmosphere. Among almost all the catalysts with various supports and various additives, a clear relationship was observed between the oxidation state of platinum and the catalytic activity; the more metallic platinum showed higher activity. Thus, it was concluded that the total electrophilic/electrophobic property derived from those of the support and additive controls the oxidation state of platinum, which intensively affects the catalytic activity; i.e. higher electrophilic property provides less oxidised platinum, resulting in high catalytic activity. The mechanism of this effect was also discussed on the basis of thermochemical data, and it was proposed that the electrophobic materials promote the noble metal oxidation since the noble metal oxo-anion such as PtO^δ− is more stabilised with electrophobic cation.     

聚丙烯基抗菌塑料的制备与性能研究

利用熔融挤出共混技术制备了聚丙烯(PP)基抗菌塑料。研究了抗菌母料Antim-PP对PP的抗菌性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,当抗菌母料与PP的质量比为4:100时,抗菌PP塑料对大肠杆菌的抗菌率大于99%,抗菌母料的加入使共混物的冲击性能有明显改善,其他力学性能基本不受影响。