RC桥墩的FRP延性加固设计方法研究

为了制定经济合理的钢筋混凝土(RC)墩柱的纤维增强复合材料(FRP)抗震延性快速加固方案,提出了基于目标位移延性系数提高指标的FRP抗震延性加固设计方法,并建立了加固墩柱宏观力学性能参数(位移、延性系数)与材料性能参数(FRP约束混凝土极限压应变、FRP配箍率、FRP有效极限抗拉强度、FRP有效极限拉应变)之间的力学计算模型。进一步应用所提出的计算模型,结合有限元数值模拟技术,得到FRP约束圆形和矩形墩柱受力性能的分析结果,并与试验结果进行对比。结果表明,提出的FRP延性加固设计方法可较正确地计算加固RC墩柱的受力性能、FRP片材配箍率或加固厚度,并验证了考虑箍筋和FRP共同约束作用的Seible FRP约束混凝土极限压应变计算模型的合理性。     

约束钢筋混凝土矩形空心墩的FRP布拉应变试验研究

为了确定影响约束钢筋混凝土(RC)空心墩的纤维增强复合材料(FRP)有效拉应变的参数,建立其正确的计算模型,对10个FRP约束RC矩形空心墩进行了恒轴压、水平单向反复荷载作用下的拟静力试验。分析了不同约束试验空心墩的FRP拉应变实测值,结果表明:影响FRP布拉应变的参数包括约束区损伤位置、FRP类型和配箍率、剪跨比和约束墩的破坏模式。与不同FRP有效拉应变计算值进行对比,验证了弯曲破坏下约束矩形空心墩的FRP实测值与剥离破坏下FRP应变计算结果较接近,而与环向包裹粘贴或FRP拉断破坏模式下的FRP计算值相差较大。     

玄武岩纤维-箍筋复合约束混凝土柱的轴压试验研究

通过21根圆形截面玄武岩纤维(BFRP)-箍筋复合约束混凝土柱的轴压试验,研究玄武岩纤维层数、箍筋的间距对约束混凝土柱的轴压性能影响。试验结果表明,玄武岩纤维-箍筋复合约束混凝土的轴压性能明显优于单一材料(玄武岩纤维或箍筋)约束的混凝土,随着玄武岩纤维层数的增加以及箍筋间距的减小,玄武岩纤维-箍筋复合约束混凝土试件的承载能力和变形能力有效提高。玄武岩纤维-箍筋复合混凝土试件的应力-应变曲线可分为弹性阶段、过渡阶段、强化阶段及残余阶段4个阶段。基于本文及相关文献的试验研究结果,提出纤维-箍筋复合混凝土圆柱的承载能力计算模型,对比表明该模型与试件结果吻合较好。     

复合材料管-钢管约束混凝土组合柱的轴压性能

通过纤维增强复合材料(FRP)管-钢管约束混凝土组合柱的轴压试验,分析组合柱的受力特点、破坏形态、本构关系和承载力。结果表明:在荷载作用初期,FRP管的约束作用较小;在荷载作用后期,FRP管的环向应力增长较快,故以FRP管的环向断裂作为承载力极限状态指标。将现有理论计算模型与试验所得受约束混凝土的应力-应变关系进行对比,发现空心构件极限应变的理论计算误差较大,而实心构件吻合较好。最后提出了一种可用于确定实心组合柱极限承载力的简化计算方法,理论计算结果与试验值符合较好。     

矩形FRP-钢复合管混凝土短柱的轴压试验研究

本文通过9根矩形FRP-钢复合管混凝土短柱的轴压试验,研究截面倒圆角、FRP类型、FRP层数对其轴压性能的影响。研究结果表明,对于矩形FRP-钢复合管混凝土短柱,倒圆角可改善其截面角部的应力集中效应,改善FRP在截面角部的受力,提升FRP的增强效果;FRP约束能够延缓和抑制钢管的局部屈曲,相对于钢管混凝土对比柱,FRP-钢复合管混凝土柱的承载力和延性均有显著提高;对比不同FRP类型,CFRP对承载力及屈服后刚度的提高优于BFRP。     

基于数值试验的FRP约束混凝土圆柱轴压性能研究

纤维增强复合材料(FRP)约束混凝土柱(FRP Confined Concrete Column,简称"FCCC")具有承载力高、延性好等优点,目前以试验为主要研究方法,很难对其截面尺寸、混凝土强度等级及FRP层数等参数进行全面研究。首先对FCCC轴压性能的试验和数值模拟研究现状进行了归纳总结,然后基于Drucker-Prager弹塑性本构建立有限元模型,并通过现有试验结果验证了该模型的正确性;采用该有限元模型研究了截面直径为150 mm~750 mm,混凝土强度等级为C30~C80以及FRP层数为1层至5层的不同FCCC的轴压性能。结果表明:FRP层数恒定时,FCCC的轴向承载力和延性随着混凝土强度等级的提高而分别提高和降低;混凝土强度恒定时,FCCC的轴向承载力和延性随着FRP约束量的增加而提高;混凝土强度和FRP层数恒定时,FCCC的轴向承载力随着直径的增大而减小。通过数值试验的方法较全面地研究了不同参数对FCCC轴压性能的影响,可为FCCC受力性能的进一步研究和工程设计提供参考。     

多因素影响下FRP约束混凝土柱FRP有效极限拉应变研究进展

FRP侧向约束作用使混凝土柱处于三向受压状态,可提高混凝土柱的抗压强度和延性。FRP有效极限拉应变是确定FRP侧向约束力的关键参数,对FRP约束混凝土轴压峰值应力和峰值应变计算模型、应力-应变模型的建立至关重要,其影响因素众多。目前国内外研究者在FRP有效极限拉应变取值方面取得了一些有价值的研究成果,但得到的FRP有效应变系数离散性较大,考虑的影响因素不全面。基于现有研究成果,对FRP有效极限拉应变的影响因素进行了系统分析,指出了当前FRP有效极限拉应变研究存在的不足和未来需深入研究的方向。     

倒角半径与加载速率对FRP弱约束方形混凝土柱的承载能力影响

为研究倒角半径和应变速率对纤维增强复合材料(FRP)弱约束混凝土方柱抗压强度的影响规律,对20个FRP弱约束混凝土方柱进行了不同加载速率的轴压试验,探讨混凝土柱倒角半径和应变速率对FRP约束混凝土力学性能的影响,并绘制了相应的应力-应变关系曲线。结果表明:随着试件倒角半径的增加,FRP弱约束混凝土的抗压强度呈现增大的趋势;随着应变速率的增大,FRP弱约束混凝土的抗压强度也呈现增大的趋势;并采用试验结果对现有的抗压强度模型进行评估,发现不同加载速率下FRP强约束混凝土圆柱的抗压强度模型可以用于预测不同加载速率下FRP弱约束混凝土方柱的抗压强度。     

GFRP对不同断面形状混凝土柱约束性能试验研究

在文献研究和工程调查的基础上，本文选用方形、圆形、八边形、直边加圆弧形和空心的配筋混凝土模型柱为研究对象，通过轴心受压试验所得到的荷载-轴向变形、荷载-纤维应变、荷载-箍筋应变关系曲线以及相应对比分析，研究了GFRP对不同断面形状混凝土柱的约束性能。研究表明，断面形状对混凝土柱约束性能起着决定性作用。在其它条件相同的情况下，约束性能按照圆形、八边形、直边加圆弧形、方形、空心断面形状的顺序递减。     

全FRP筋混凝土梁斜截面承载力研究进展

纤维增强复合材料(FRP)作为混凝土结构的新型高性能增强材料,受到了国内外土木工程界的广泛关注。全FRP筋混凝土梁斜截面受剪承载力的计算需要考虑FRP纵筋和FRP箍筋的特殊影响。在大量试验研究的基础上,各国规范均提出了全FRP筋混凝土梁斜截面承载力的计算公式,其中包括中国规范(GB 50608—2010)、日本规范(JSCE 1997)、英国规范(BISE 1999)、意大利规范(CNR-DT 203/2006)、美国规范(ACI 440.1R-06)、加拿大规范(CSA.S 806-12)。用这6种规范所提供的计算模型分别计算33根试验梁的斜截面承载力,并与试验结果作对比,以此评价这些方法的可靠性。     

炉内温度对聚碳硅烷粒子成球性能的影响

由聚碳硅烷粒子作为原料,通过粒子下落进入负压高温炉内,粒子达到流动状态,在发泡剂作用下内部起泡膨胀,最终得到空心微球.实验所用聚碳硅烷粒子尺寸为110～180 μm,载气为Ar/He（体积比为2：1）,载气压力为0.09MPa.在这些固定条件下,研究了炉内温度对聚碳硅烷粒子成球性能的影响.结果表明：随着炉内温度从200℃升高到1 000℃,聚碳硅烷成球率、微球平均直径和表面光洁度先增加后下降,最高平均成球率为73%,最大平均直径为375μm,最好表面平均粗糙度Ra仅为0.7 nm.制备空心微球合适的温度约为700℃.     

FRP约束钢管混凝土长柱承载力研究

已有研究表明,钢管混凝土柱和FRP约束混凝土柱承载力的计算方法不适用于FRP约束钢管混凝土柱承载力的计算。为研究FRP约束钢管混凝土长柱的承载力,本文以钢管约束效应系数ξs和FRP约束效应系数ξf为主要参数,考虑混凝土强度等级对FRP约束钢管混凝土柱承载力提高效果的调整系数,建立了FRP约束钢管混凝土短柱承载力的计算模型。在此基础上,分别引入钢管混凝土稳定系数φs和FRP约束混凝土柱稳定系数φf,建立FRP约束钢管混凝土长柱的承载力计算模型。并将模型的计算结果与试验数据进行比较。     

Influence of Cobalt Doping on the Physical Properties of Zn<Subscript>0.9</Subscript>Cd<Subscript>0.1</Subscript>S Nanoparticles

Zn_0.9Cd_0.1S nanoparticles doped with 0.005–0.24 M cobalt have been prepared by co-precipitation technique in ice bath at 280 K. For the cobalt concentration >0.18 M, XRD pattern shows unidentified phases along with Zn_0.9Cd_0.1S sphalerite phase. For low cobalt concentration (≤0.05 M) particle size, d _XRD is ~3.5 nm, while for high cobalt concentration (>0.05 M) particle size decreases abruptly (~2 nm) as detected by XRD. However, TEM analysis shows the similar particle size (~3.5 nm) irrespective of the cobalt concentration. Local strain in the alloyed nanoparticles with cobalt concentration of 0.18 M increases ~46% in comparison to that of 0.05 M. Direct to indirect energy band-gap transition is obtained when cobalt concentration goes beyond 0.05 M. A red shift in energy band gap is also observed for both the cases. Nanoparticles with low cobalt concentrations were found to have paramagnetic nature with no antiferromagnetic coupling. A negative Curie–Weiss temperature of −75 K with antiferromagnetic coupling was obtained for the high cobalt concentration.     

Localization of carbon nanotubes at the interface in blends of polyamide and ethylene-acrylate copolymer

The present study demonstrates for the first time the possibility to jam unpurified and unfunctionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) at the interface of an immiscible blend of polyamide (PA) and ethylene-acrylate (EA) copolymer. The confinement appears to be stable. The influence of the mixing strategy and of the polyamide type used has been examined. When the MWNTs are first dispersed in PA6, most of them migrate to the interface although some of them stay in the PA phase. When the MWNTs are first dispersed in PA12, they remain well dispersed in PA. When the MWNTs are first dispersed in the EA copolymer or when the three components are simultaneously mixed, a large part of the MWNTs migrate to the interface whatever the PA used. However, some of the MWNTs remain in the EA phase and when PA12 is used, part of the MWNTs penetrate inside the PA nodules. By a combination of TGA and separation techniques, we show that the first polymer to come in contact with the nanotubes during melt mixing is (at least partially) adsorbed irreversibly, by non-covalent adsorption. The resulting modification of interfacial thermodynamics explains the observed confinement.     

Concentric lamella structures of symmetric diblock copolymers confined in cylindrical nanopores

We applied a real-space self-consistent field theory to investigate the concentric lamella structures of symmetric diblock copolymers confined in the cylindrical nanopores with the preferential surfaces. The symmetric diblock copolymers are selected to locate in the very weak and strong segregation regions where the lamellae obviously exhibit the “soft” and “rigid” characteristics, respectively. For the soft lamellae, the cylindrical confinement induces the soft concentric lamella structure with the same thickness as the bulk lamellar period, except that the thickness of the innermost layer depends on the confinement degree. For the rigid lamellae, the cylindrical confinement not only induces the rigid concentric lamella structure having the linear dependence on the confinement degree, but also results in several novel morphologies, such as the connective concentric lamella and the broken concentric lamella structures. The results are quantitatively discussed in a wide range of confinement degree and can be reasonably understood based on symmetry breaking and structural frustration. In addition, our results are quantitatively compared to the available observations from the simulations and experiments, which are in good agreements and may be helpful to experimentally fabricate the ordered nanostructures on the large scale.     

Formation of PbTe nanofilms by electrochemical atomic layer deposition (ALD)

This article describes optimization of a cycle for the deposition of lead telluride (PbTe) nanofilms using electrochemical atomic layer deposition (ALD). PbTe is of interest for the formation of thermoelectric device structures. Deposits were formed using an ALD cycle on Au substrates, one atomic layer at a time, from separate solutions, containing Pb²⁺ or HTeO₂⁺ ions. Single atomic layers were formed using surface limited reactions, referred to as underpotential deposition (UPD), so the deposition cycle consisted of alternating UPD of Te and Pb. The Pb deposition potential was maintained at −0.35 V throughout the 100 cycle-runs, while the Te deposition potential was ramped up from −0.55 V to −0.40 V over the first 20 cycles and then held constant for the remaining ALD cycles. Coulometry for the reduction of both Te and Pb indicated coverages near one monolayer, each cycle. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) indicated a uniform and stoichiometric deposit, with a Te/Pb ratio of 1.01. X-ray diffraction measurement showed that the thin films had the rock salt structure, with a preferential (2 0 0) orientation for the as formed deposits. No annealing was used. Infrared reflection absorption measurements of PbTe films formed with 50, 65, and 100 cycles indicated strong quantum confinement.     

Linear viscoelastic behavior of poly(ethylene terephtalate) above Tg amorphous viscoelastic properties Vs crystallinity: Experimental and micromechanical modeling

Linear viscoelastic behavior of amorphous and semicrystalline poly(ethylene terephtalate), (PET), was experimentally investigated. PET’s samples with different crystallinities (Xc) were prepared and viscoelastically characterized. Based on our experimental results (properties of the amorphous PET and semicrystalline polymers), micromechanical model was used to, first predict the viscoelastic properties of the semicrystalline polymers and second predict the changes on the viscoelastic properties of the amorphous phase when the crystallinity increases. For the micromechanical modeling of semicrystalline material’s viscoelastic properties, difficulties lie on the used numerical methods (Laplace-Carson transformation) and also on the actual physical and mechanical properties of the amorphous phase. In this paper we tried to simplify the Laplace-Carson-based method by using a pseudo-elastic one that avoids the numerical difficulties encountered before. The time-dependant problem is so replaced by a frequency-dependant set of elastic equations. Good agreement with low crystallinity fraction was found however large discrepancies appear for medium and high crystallinity. The poor agreement raises the issue of which amorphous mechanical properties should be taken as input in the micromechanical model? According to the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) experimental data, multiple amorphous phases with different glass transition temperatures were observed for each tested semicrystalline sample. For each sample, new glass transition temperature related to an equivalent amorphous phase was determined. DMA tests done at 1 Hz help estimating the mechanical properties of the new amorphous phase based on its new glass transition temperature. Using the new micromechanical approach developed in this paper, the changes occurring on the viscoelastic behavior of the amorphous phase upon crystallization were estimated. Good agreement was found after comparing the micromechanically estimated amorphous behavior with the experimentally estimated one leading to believe that the physical and mechanical properties of the amorphous phase change upon crystallization and taking on account this phenomenon is a key to a good prediction of the semicrystalline behavior using micromechanical models.     

Microstructures of lamella-forming diblock copolymer melts under nanorod-array confinements

The microstructures of lamellae-forming diblock copolymer melts confined in nanorod arrays are investigated using the real-space self-consistent field theory. The nanorod array leads to the incomplete confinement at each direction so that the confinement-dimension is fractional between zero and two. This incomplete confinement can yield a rich variety of mixture microstructures by varying its fractional confinement-dimension, such as the mixture of concentric lamellae and parallel lamellae and the mixture of the concentric lamellae and cylinders, as well as a series of continuous network mixtures. By comparing with the available simulations and experiments, these novel microstructures can be understood based on the symmetry competition and structural frustration that originated from the incomplete confinement. Our theoretical predictions may be helpful to the design of nanomaterials.