比较实验法在精细化工产品检测中的应用探讨

阐述了加强精细化工产品检测的重要性,及使用比较实验法对精细化工产品进行检测的重要意义,分析了当前化工产品精细化发展的现状与特点,对比较实验法在精细化工产品检测中的应用进行了探讨。     

陶瓷科研工作中的一种决策方法—组合比较法

在陶瓷生产、科研工作中,经常要对陶瓷工艺或制品性能方面做许多实验,以确定最佳生产工艺方法及最优产品性能的配方,不论是研究新产品或是改善原有产品都如此.在做这许多实验时,科研工作者为了在最短的时间里,以最少的实验次数获得满意的结果,总是合理地设计实验方案,目前,用得较多的方法是正交实验法,实践已证明,正交实验法是行之有效的一种好方法.但是科研的方法是多种多样的,在有些情况下也不用正交法,比如,借助于产品配用主要原料三角形     

等离子体原子发射光谱法检测焊剂化学成分溶样方法的比较研究

通用焊剂检测方法为化学分析方法,其处理过程较为复杂且繁琐,并且检测结果受人为因素影响较大.而本文采用等离子体原子发射光谱法检测焊剂中的化学成分,具有操作简单、分析速度快、可减轻工作劳动量以及节省试剂耗材等优点.等离子体原子发射光谱法检测焊剂的样品前处理方法无前例可循,本文对焊剂的溶样方法进行了比较研究,通过大量实验数据...     

滤膜法和Pseudalert酶底物法检测饮用水中铜绿假单胞菌的比较

本文用滤膜法和Pseudalert酶底物法,检测定量质控、实际水样及水样中加标铜绿假单胞菌,对检测结果进行了分析比较.结果表明,两种方法结果具有一致性,酶底物法检测时间短,无需确认实验,操作简单,结果真实可靠.     

离子液体的生物降解性研究进展

分析了离子液体的特点及生物毒性,综述了离子液体的生物降解方法,包括活性污泥法、闭瓶实验法、CO2顶空实验法等.指出对离子液体的生物降解性虽有一定程度的研究进展,但随着离子种类和数量的增多,还需要进一步地完善和发展.     

玻璃熔窑模型实验发展的历史概述——玻璃熔窑模型实验概论之一

本文介绍了玻璃熔窑热工现象的研究法。对热工现象的研究可采用直接实验法和模型实验法。模型实验法又可分为物理模型实验法和数学模型实验法。物理模型和数学模型各有其优缺点,数学模型正在扩大其应用范围,但目前,物理模型仍然是研究玻璃熔窑的主要手段。本文对玻璃熔窑的历史发展作了回顾。玻璃熔窑模型实验的发展分为三个阶段:测定阶段,模型实验阶段和综合研究阶段。为了研究玻璃液的流动,研究实验家们最初采用的方法是进行实际测定。但是,由于测定的困难,从三十年代初开始,开展了物理模型的研究,经三十年的势力,至五十年代末基本确立了物理模型实验的基本理论。目前使用的是综合研究法。在物理模型实验的基础上,随着电子计算机的进步,至六十年代中期,开始出现了数学模型,目前已可以进行三维数学模型的研究。     

卫生洁具清洗剂中表面活性剂含量检测方法探析

采用GB/T 13173-2008《表面活性剂洗涤剂实验方法》中7洗涤剂中总活性物含量的测定方法,对已知配比的有机酸、无机酸、表面活性剂等复配的卫生洁具清洗剂进行表面活性剂含量的检测,测量值均远高于配方理论值,文章分析了检测误差的原因,提出了优化检测方案.结果表明,改进后的方法测量误差低,检测结果稳定可靠.     

气质联用法检测水体中27种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的方法探讨

本实验介绍了同时能够检测27种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的方法。实验采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)法进行检测,结果看出实验中27中多溴联苯醚混标丰度、峰形较好。该方法中样品的回收率较高,且分析时间短。     

焦粉制备炭分子筛的研究

以鞍钢化工总厂焦粉为原料制备空分制氮用炭分子筛,并对其进行了探讨性研究.实验考察了焦粉与粘结剂的配比(10%～25%)、粘结剂的种类(煤焦油和树脂)、炭化时间(600～800℃)、浸渍时间(0.25～1.5h)等条件对炭分子筛空分性能的影响.实验使用单因素实验法和正交实验法相结合的方法得出制备炭分子筛的最佳条件.实验结果表明:在焦粉与复合粘结剂(煤焦油和环氧树脂)的配比为25%,浸渍时间为1h,炭沉积终温为700cC的最佳条件下制备的炭分子筛具有最佳空分制氮效果.     

密封垫片中可溶性氯离子含量检测方法

对密封垫片中的可溶性氯离子加以检测和控制是防止垫片导致密封件腐蚀的重要措施.评述了目前检测垫片中氯元素或可溶性氯离子含量的实验方法,如燃烧-硫氰酸汞分光光度法、汞盐滴定法、氯离子选择电极法.重点介绍了氯离子选择电极法和垫片中氯离子的溶出方法.     

电镀厂废银的综合回收

通过对电镀厂镀银工艺流程废银的分布与产生废银的原因以及含银废料的形态、成分、含量等进行分析,确定经济有效的银回收方法。减少零件上银损耗的主要措施有:降低镀液的银离子浓度,降低电流密度,改善镀液成分配比及控制电镀时间。     

A study on the effect of compositing silver oxide nanoparticles by carbon on the ‎electrochemical behavior and electronic properties of zinc‐silver oxide batteries ‎

In this study, the effect of compositing silver oxide nanoparticles by carbon on the electrochemical behavior and electronic properties of zinc‐silver oxide batteries have been investigated. For this purpose, firstly four silver oxide electrodes containing 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% carbon powder were produced by powder metallurgy method. For the next step, all four silver oxide electrodes were sintered at 500°C for 10 minutes. Afterward and in order to investigate the microstructure, phase and elemental analysis of the electrodes were carried out using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. Moreover, in order to investigate the effect of compositing silver oxide nanoparticles by carbon on the electrochemical behavior and electronic properties of zinc‐silver oxide, electrochemical tests (potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and electric discharge test in 1.4 wt%KOH electrolyte were carried out respectively. The microstructural observations revealed that increasing carbon content in the silver oxide electrodes results in increasing the apparent porosities in these electrodes. Investigating the phase and elemental analysis results showed that by increasing the content of carbon in the silver oxide electrode, the amount of Ag₂O and AgO phases in this electrode reduces and also the extent of pure silver formation increases. Investigations on the results of electrochemical tests showed that increasing carbon content results in the reduction of corrosion resistance in silver oxide electrodes. Moreover, the results of electric discharge test revealed that the silver oxide electrode containing 10wt% carbon yields the highest energy efficiency in the zinc‐silver oxide batteries.     

纳米银的制备研究进展

纳米银具有独特的光学、电学、催化性质,其制备方法受到了较多的关注。综述了纳米银的制备方法,包括化学还原法、微乳液法、光化学法、电化学法、超声波还原法、溶胶-凝胶法等。介绍了这些方法的基本原理、特点和研究进展,并对这些方法进行了展望。     

载银复合纳米颗粒的制备研究

载银复合纳米颗粒,作为复合半导体纳米材料的一个重要分支,凭借其优异的性质受到了广泛的关注,本文主要介绍了几种载银复合纳米粒子主要的制备方法及其应用,并在此基础上展望了载银复合纳米粒子研究的发展方向.     

Development of electroless silver plating on Para‐aramid fibers and growth morphology of silver deposits

The development of a conductive fiber with flame resistance is an urgent concern particularly in national defense and other specialized fields. Aramid fibers (para‐ or meta‐) exihibit high strength and excellent fire resistance. Electroless silver plating on para‐aramid fibers and growth morphology of silver deposits was investigated in the present work. The surface of para‐aramid fibers was roughened using sodium hydride/dimethyl sulfoxide to guarantee successful electroless plating. Two complexing agents (ethylene diamine/ammonia) and two reducing agents (glucose/seignette salt) were used for the electroless silver plating bath design. Structure and properties of the resulting silver‐deposited para‐aramid fibers were evaluated based on scanning electron microscopy, silver weight gain percentage calculation, electrical resistance measurement, crystal structure analysis, and mechanical properties test. The results showed that a higher silver weight gain was advantageous to the improvement of conductivity for the silver‐deposited para‐aramid fibers. The obtained silver deposit was homogenous and compact. Electroless silver‐plating deposits were considered to be three‐dimensional nucleation and growth model (Volmer–Weber). Black, silver gray, and white deposits appeared sequentially with progressive plating. The breaking strength of silver‐deposited para‐aramid fibers remained at value up to 44 N. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

纳米载银无机抗菌剂的研究进展

纳米抗菌材料的核心是抗菌剂,纳米载银无机抗菌剂是目前研究最为广泛的抗菌剂之一。对纳米载银无机抗菌剂的抗菌机理和种类作了较为详细的叙述,概述了纳米载银无机抗菌剂的制备方法,最后对纳米载银无机抗菌剂的前景发展进行了预测。     

十八烷基丙撑二胺/硝酸银水溶液体系中纳米银粒子的制备及其在材料保护中的应用

本文采用了十八烷基丙撑二胺/硝酸银水溶液体系,成功地制备了较稳定的纳米银粒子,并对这两种制备方法进行了简单的比较;并对其材料保护中的应用进行了进一步的探讨。     

金银纳米簇制备方法的研究进展

综述了金、银纳米簇新型的荧光纳米材料的制备方法的研究进展,比较了物理方法、化学方法和综合法,指出化学方法中的模板合成法与单分子层保护法能更有效地制备出优良性能的金、银纳米簇。     

Preparation and performance characterization of ceramic/silver nanoparticle composite in water purification

Clean water is expensive to obtain, hence the need for cheaper and effective ways of treating water. This study investigated the preparation and application/performance of affordable and effective ceramic/silver nanocomposites in the purification of water. Ceramic filters were manufactured by combining clay, flour, and broken clay pots on a weight basis. The dry mix was combined with deionized water, molded, fired, and treated with either silver nanoparticles or silver nitrate solution. Both treatments were done by submerging disks in their respective solutions. Analysis of treated water has shown that the pH of raw water was reduced by 1.08% with clay only filter, 5.20% with silver nitrate/clay filter, and finally 12% with silver nanoparticle/clay composite. Hardness decreased by 67% with nanoparticle composite while water from clay had 0.08% decrease in hardness. Biological oxygen demand fell by 50% with the clay only filter while there was 100% decrease with clay/silver composites. Nitrates decreased with clay only filters by 21.5% but increased in water treated with silver nitrate composite (84%) and clay/silver nanoparticle composite (73%). Inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy was used to estimate silver leaching from disks embedded with silver nitrate (0.024 ± 0.002mg/L) and silver nanoparticles (0.013 ± 0.002 mg/L) using 0.001 M dosage. All parameters investigated were dose-dependent.     

多级结构银微-纳米晶的制备及其性能

采用液相还原法,通过调控氧化剂硝酸银与还原剂抗坏血酸的摩尔比例制备出具有多级结构的花状及枝状银微-纳米晶,考察了反应介质对形貌及尺寸的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）、紫外-可见（UV-Vis）漫反射光谱等方法,对样品的形貌、微晶结构、光学及催化性能进行了研究。结果表明：花状及枝状多级结构银微-纳米晶均具有面心立方晶体结构,且（111）晶面为主要曝露晶面;表面增强拉曼光谱表明花状及枝状银微-纳米晶为基底时均表现出优异的表面增强拉曼效应;微结构上的差异使枝状银在紫外-可见漫反射光谱上352 nm处有较强的吸收峰;在银催化硼氢化钠还原4-硝基苯酚的实验中,多级结构枝状银表现出最优良的催化活性。