以剩余扩散氢浓度为自变量的扩散氢逸出速率数学模型

采用水银法测定了3种焊条的熔敷金属在一定温度下的氢逸出曲线,由氢逸出曲线计算得到扩散氢逸出速率随剩余扩散氢浓度的变化关系,基于这一关系建立了以剩余扩散氢浓度为自变量的扩散氢逸出速率数学模型vH=k·CαH,该模型能够较好地表征vH与CH的相关性。     

煤矿机械用Q690高强钢抗裂性研究

对煤矿机械用Q690高强钢,采用其配套焊丝(GHS75M)进行抗裂性试验,并测定了焊丝熔敷金属扩散氢逸出特性,研究了焊缝金属残余扩散氢对试验用钢抗裂性的影响.结果表明:该钢具有一定的冷裂倾向.试验焊材熔敷金属扩散氢含量为1.7 mL/100 g,初期扩散氢逸出速率较大,在焊缝冷却过程中扩散氢可以较快逸出.残余扩散氢含量主要与从峰值温度到100℃温度区间的冷却时间t100有关,单道焊焊缝金属冷速快,t100较小,残余扩散氢较多,而多层多道焊增加了t100,且提高HDr100容许值,残余扩散氢含量很低.该钢采用焊后热处理是保守的工艺.     

熔敷金属扩散氢逸出特性研究

采用酒精法测量扩散氢 ,研究了焊条熔敷金属扩散氢含量以及在测氢过程中扩散氢逸出量与逸出时间的关系 (逸出特性 )。研究结果表明 ,熔敷金属扩散氢逸出特性受扩散氢含量、焊道数、熔敷金属化学成分和表面状态等多种因素的影响。熔敷金属扩散氢 (HDo)可以分为快速逸出扩散氢 (HDq)和慢速逸出扩散氢(HDs)两部分     

力学因素对钢中氢扩散行为的影响

采用阴极电解渗氢法和气相色谱测氢法研究了塑性变形和负载应力对氢在钢中的溶解和逸出的影响,认为:随塑性变形和负载应力的增加氢的溶解度和溶解时的扩散系数增大,溶解扩散激活能减小;氢逸出时的扩散系数减小逸出扩散激活能增大;电解渗入的氢有一部分不能扩散逸出,这部分残留下来的氢随溶解氢量的提高而增加;溶解扩散系数比逸出扩散系数大一个数量级。     

钢焊接接头中氢的溶入与扩散行为研究进展

综述了钢焊接接头中氢的溶入与扩散行为研究进展,介绍了钢焊接接头中氢的来源及氢的溶入模型,测定了氢在部分钢种中的扩散系数,初步确定了氢的扩散和逸出规律及主要影响因素、氢在焊接接头中的分布特征。     

温度对镁碳复合储氢材料用于CS2加氢反应的影响

H2气氛下用反应球磨法制备了镁碳复合储氢材料65Mg35C,在连续操作的固定床反应装置上进行了对CS2的加氢反应,研究了温度对加氢反应的影响。结果表明,材料具有较好的放氢性能,起始放氢温度为267.8℃,储氢密度高达4.95wt.%;加氢反应中生成了H2S和MgS,且反应温度越高,MgS的生成量越多,而氢转化率只有当材料的放氢速率与CS2的加氢速率相匹配时才能达到最大值;材料的放氢反应与CS2的加氢反应存在耦合效应,在一定温度范围内,这种耦合效应既可降低材料的放氢温度,又可提高材料在该温度下的放氢量。     

攀枝花产海绵钛氢化脱氢动力学

通过压力组成等温曲线测试仪(PCT)测试了工业海绵钛在400~600℃温度下的吸放氢特性。应用反应速率分析方法计算了实验温度下的反应速率常数,并通过阿伦尼乌斯方程计算出实验条件下海绵钛吸放氢表观活化能。经过完全活化后,海绵钛吸氢表观活化能为(34.42±0.02)kJ/mol,氢化钛粉的脱氢表观活化能为(29.93±0.01)kJ/mol。这个结果表明,氢原子在金属相间的扩散速率是控制海绵钛氢化与脱氢反应的主要因素。     

储氢材料65Mg35C用于噻吩加氢的研究

以氢气反应球磨法制备出储氢材料65Mg35C,并利用储氢材料加热放出的高活性氢与噻吩发生加氢反应,采用TEM、XRD、DSC及自行设计的排水法放氢装置等对噻吩加氢反应前后的储氢材料进行性能测试及结构表征。分别研究了反应温度和反应时间对噻吩加氢反应的影响,并分析了加氢产物。结果表明,储氢材料与噻吩的加氢反应是在一定温度范围内进行的,同时也要考虑储氢材料的放氢温度,温度低于300℃或高于400℃时均不利于反应的进行;在一定温度下,储氢材料对噻吩加氢反应的时间短有利于产物H2S气体的逸出,时间过长有利于H2S和放氢后储氢材料中的高活性单质Mg发生反应;常压下,在适宜的反应温度范围内,储氢材料对噻吩具有加氢脱硫作用。     

保护气体对焊缝金属氢脆敏感性影响的研究

采用不同配比的保护气体,在水冷铜模中堆焊焊缝金属,获得不同扩散氢含量的熔敷焊缝试棒。测定了试棒逸出的扩散氢—时间曲线,并对焊后不同时刻焊缝试棒进行了缺口静弯试验和组织、断口观察分析,研究了不同保护气体条件下焊缝金属中的氢扩散特性及焊缝金属的氢脆敏感性。结果表明,适当增加保护气体的氧化性可改变焊缝组织、夹杂物分布状态和焊缝合金元素含量,大幅度降低焊缝金属的氢脆敏感性。     

纳米光催化剂Sm2InNbO7的制备及其可见光产氢活性

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米光催化剂Sm2InNbO7,通过XRD、FE-SEM、BET以及UV-Vis DRS测试对该材料的结构、粒径、比表面积和光吸收性能进行了表征。结果表明,Sm2InNbO7的晶粒尺寸和比表面积与柠檬酸(CA)加入量和煅烧温度有关。着重考察了不同条件下制备的Sm2InNbO7系列催化剂的光催化分解水产氢活性。实验结果表明,当CA与金属阳离子(Nb5++Sm3++In3+)的物质的量的比为2、煅烧温度为1073K时,获得的Sm2InNbO7纳米粉体具有最高的光催化产氢活性,测得的8h内平均产氢速率为8.32μmol/h,为固相法制备的Sm2InNbO7粉体的产氢速率的2.2倍。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.