用局部组成理论关联纳米流体的剪切黏度

In this study, a new method is presented to correlate the shear viscosity of nanofluids by local composition theory. The Eyring theory and nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) equation are used for this purpose. The effects of temperature and particle volume concentration on the viscosity are investigated. The adjustable parameters of NRTL equation are obtained by fitting with experimental data. The calculated shear viscosities for nanofluids of CuO/water with 29 nm particle size, Al2O3/water with two different particle diameters, 36 nm and 47 nm, and CuO/(ethylene glycol, water) are compared with experimental data and the average absolute deviation (AAD) is 1.2%, while the results from some conventional models yield an AAD of 190%. The results of this study are in excellent agreement with experimental data.     

EXTENSION OF SOAVE EQUATION OF STATE TO LIQUID DENSITY

On the basis of vapor pressures, volumes of saturated vapor and liquid, both parameters "a" and "b" in Soave equation of state are treated as temperature dependent and an extended Soave equation is proposed in this work. The VLE for 38 pure components including polar substances have been calculated. The comparison of calculated results with experimental data shows the prediction of liquid density is improved over Soave equation without losing the accuracy of prediction in vapor pressure and vapor density.     

离子液体[C4mim][PF6]与N, N-二甲基甲酰胺二元混合物在298.15 K～318.15 K的密度和粘度

Viscosities and densities for 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate （[C4mim][PF6]） and N, N-dimethylformamide （DMF） binary mixtures have been measured at the temperature range from 293.15 K to 318.15 K. It is shown that the viscosities and densities decrease monotonously with temperature and the content of DMF. Various correlation methods including Arrhenius-like equation, Sedclon et al.＇s equation, Redlich-Kister equation with four parameters, and other empirical equations were applied to evaluate these experimental data. A model based on an equation of state Ior estimating the viscosity of mixtures containing ionic liquids were proposed by coupling with the excess Gibbs free energy model of viscosity, which can synchronously calculate the viscosity and the molar volume. The results show that the model gives a deviation of 8.29% for the viscosity, and a deviation of 1.05% for the molar volume when only one temperature-independent adjustable parameter is adopted. The correlation accuracy is further improved when two parameters or one temperature-dependent parameter is used.     

描述CO2的柔性模型

A fully flexible potential model for carbon dioxide has been developed to predict the vapor-liquid coexistence properties using the NVT-Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo technique (GEMC). The average absolute deviation between our simulation and the literature experimental data for saturated liquid and vapor densities is 0.3% and 2.0%, respectively. Compared with the experimental data, our calculated results of critical properties (7.39 MPa, 304.04 K, and 0.4679 gcm－3) are acceptable and are better than those from the rescaling the potential parameters of elementary physical model (EPM2). The agreement of our simulated densities of supercritical carbon dioxide with the experimental data is acceptable in a wide range of pressure and temperature. The radial distribution function es-timated at the supercritical conditions suggests that the carbon dioxide is a nonlinear molecule with the C O bond length of 0.117 nm and the O C O bond angle of 176.4°, which are consistent with Car-Parrinello molecular- dynamics (CPMD), whereas the EPM2 model shows large deviation at supercritical state. The predicted self-diffusion coefficients are in agreement with the experiments.     

用改进的Tait方程关联烷烃、芳香烃和乙醇在高压下的黏度

A new model was proposed to calculate the viscosity of fluids under the pressure ranging from 0.1 to 110MPa by improving the Tait equation, in which the viscosity μ of liquids was linked with activation volume V. The model with two adjustable parameters a and fl was applied in calculating viscosities for alkane, aromatic and alcohol family at high pressure. Results show that calculated values of viscosity are in good agreement with the experimental ones, and the average relative deviations for alkanes, aromatics and alcohols are 0.56%, 0.31% and 0.66%, respectively. Besides, the errors correlated by the model proposed in this paper were equivalent to the ones from the pure empirical Tait equation, and obviously superior to those from Eyring equation.     

NON-CUBIC EQUATION OF STATE FOR PHASE EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS

A new non-cubic equation of state is proposed for calculation of the thermodynamic properties ofnonpolar and polar fluids and their mixtures,including,saturated vapor pressure,saturated liquid volume,saturated vapor volume,heats of vaporization and vapor-liquid equilibria.The new equation is derived from thegeneralized van der Waals partition function in which the repulsive terms are expressed with the Carnahan andStarling equation for hard spheres,and the attractive terms are made up of the dispersive energy and theChemical association energy. The rules of dependence of parameters α and σ and on temperature are considered broadly so that the newequation yields good agreement with experimental saturated properties of 20 nonpolar and 27 polar fluids in therange of reduced temperatures of 0.5 to 1.0 The new equation with parameters group-contributed generally givessatisfactory predictions on saturated properties. Correlations of vapor-liquid equilibrium data for alcohol-containing systems by using van d     

空气与水逆流直接接触热质交换模型计算及与实验比较

According to general equations deducted from a model of heat and mass transfer of air and water in direct contact counter flow reported in the author‘s previous work, the outlet parameters of air and water counter flow through a paper wet pad were calculated by using the MATLAB-software. Comparing the calculation results with experiment data of prior researchers, the deviation of calculated outlet air wet bulb temperature from experimental outlet air wet bulb temperature was less than 10%, the deviation of calculated outlet water temperature from experimental outlet water temperature was less thang 9%, and the deviation of calculated outlet air dry bulb temperature from experimental outlet air dry bulb temperature was less than 10% when NTUh was more than 0. 6. The deviation of calculated outlet air dry bulb temperature from experimental outlet air dry bulb temperature was more than 10% when NTUh was less than 0. 6. The model calculations were in good agreement with experiments and the general equations could be used to design evaporation cooling equipment, such as wet pad and so on.     

Simulation of Liquid Velocity Field in a Gas-Liquid Bubble Column

A simplified turbulent model and a modified k-Σ two equation model are proposed todescribe the liquid velocity profiles in a bubble column taking into consideration of the effect of gasdrag force and gas hold-up.In the simplified mode1 the Reynolds equation of motion was adoptedand the turbulent viscosity was calculated from an empirical correlation which was deduced fromour experimental data.The calculated liquid velocity profiles were compared between the proposedmodel and the standard k-Σ two equation model as well as experimental data.The result shows thatthe proposed model simulates and predicts the liquid velocity field most satisfactorily and in goodagreement with the experimental measurement.     

Investigation on characteristics of liquid self-diffusion in slit nanopores using simple quasicrystal model of liquid☆

Dynamical properties of liquid in nano-channels attractmuch interest because of their applications in engineering and biological systems. The transfer behavior of liquid confined within nanopores differs significantly from that in the bulk. Based on the simple quasicrystal model of liquid, analytical expressions of self-diffusion coefficient both in bulk and in slit nanopore are derived from the Stokes–Einstein equation and the modified Eyring's equation for viscosity. The local self-diffusion coefficient in different layers of liquid and the global self-diffusion coefficient in the slit nanopore are deduced fromthese expressions. The influences of confinement by porewalls, pore widths, liquid density, and temperature on the self-diffusion coefficient are investigated. The results indicate that the self-diffusion coefficient in nanopore increaseswith the porewidth and approaches the bulk value as the pore width is sufficiently large. Similar to that in bulk state, the self-diffusion coefficient in nanopore decreases with the increase of density and the decrease of temperature, but these dependences are weaker than that in bulk state and become evenweaker as the porewidth decreases. Thiswork provides a simplemethod to capture the physical behavior and to investigate the dynamic properties of liquid in nanopores.     

Tao-Mason状态方程扩展用于重正烷烃(英文)

In our previous paper we extended the Tao and Mason equation of state (TM EOS) to refrigerant fluids, using the speed of sound data. This is a continuation for evaluating TM EOS in predicting PVT properties of heavy n-alkanes. Liquid density of long-chain n-alkane systems from C 9 to C 20 have been calculated using an analytical equation of state based on the statistical-mechanical perturbation theory. The second virial coefficients of these n-alkanes are scarce and there is no accurate potential energy function for their theoretical calculation. In this work the second virial coefficients are calculated using a corresponding state correlation based on surface tension and liquid density at the freezing point. The deviation of calculated densities of these alkanes is within 0.5% from experimental data. The densities of n-alkanes obtained from the TM EOS are compared with those calculated from Ihm-Song-Mason equation of state and the corresponding-states liquid densities (COSTALD). Our results are in favor of the preference of the TM EOS over other two equations of state.     

R513A的饱和液相黏度特性研究

工质黏度对于制冷系统的设计优化至关重要。R513A因其良好的环保特性和热力循环性能,在冷水/热泵机组中有望成为R134a的主要替代制冷剂。为了进一步探究R513A的液相黏度特性,基于毛细管法设计搭建了制冷剂液相黏度测试系统,采用R134a作为标准液体对毛细管黏度计进行标定。在温度范围253.15~333.15 K内,开展了R513A的液相黏度实验研究,结果表明R513A的液相黏度略低于R134a。采用R-K多项式方程、硬球模型结合混合规则与实验数据进行关联,R-K方程计算值与实验值的平均绝对偏差（AAD）和最大绝对偏差（MAD）分别为0.71%、1.65%,硬球模型计算值与实验值的平均绝对偏差和最大绝对偏差分别为2.02%和3.39%。上述两种模型能够较好地预测R513A的饱和液相黏度,研究结果可为R513A的替代应用研究提供参考依据。     

Energy Additivity Approaches to QSPR Modeling in Estimation of Dynamic Viscosity of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester and Biodiesel

Viscosity is an important physical property of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and biodiesel (mixture of FAMEs). In this work, quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) for estimation of dynamic viscosity of FAMEs and biodiesel is approached via the Gibbs energy additivity method. The Gibbs energy of dynamic viscous flow is simply derived from the sum of the Gibbs energy of kinematic viscous flow and Gibbs energy of volumetric expansion. The derived model can be used for estimation of dynamic viscosity of saturated and unsaturated FAMEs commonly found in nature. Also, the proposed model can be extended to a mixture of FAMEs or biodiesel as well as biodiesel blends. Thus, the dynamic viscosity of FAMEs as well as neat and blended biodiesels can be estimated by the same equation from the carbon number (z) and number of double bonds (n_d) at different temperature (T). The average absolute deviation (AAD) values for saturated, unsaturated FAMEs, biodiesels, and biodiesel blends (at 20–100 °C) are approximately the same as the original model for estimation of kinematic viscosity.     

甲基叔丁基醚饱和液相导热系数的实验研究

利用瞬态双热线法测量了243—403 K温度范围内饱和液相甲基叔丁基醚的导热系数,并将实验数据拟合为温度的关联式。实验数据与导热系数关联式计算结果的标准偏差和最大偏差分别为0.30%和0.89%,导热系数的合成标准不确定度小于±1.0%。甲基叔丁基醚导热系数的实验研究为正在进行的甲基叔丁基醚替代物筛选提供急需的基础热物性数据,对改进汽油、柴油质量,提高油品的环境友好性及推广使用清洁燃料方面有重要价值。     

碳氢燃料JP-10高温液态黏度测量和推算模型构建方法研究

基于流体动力学层流哈根-泊肃叶（Hagen-Poiseuille）定律,利用双毛细管法,对高密度空天动力燃料JP-10液态黏度进行实验测量,测温范围326.6~671.2 K,测量压力2.0、 3.0、 4.0 MPa,扩展相对不确定度2.88%~4.96%（置信因子k=2）。通过纯物质环己烷动力黏度的测量,对实验系统进行了标定,实验结果与NIST数据库平均相对偏差在1.22%以内,最大相对偏差绝对值为2.04%,实验结果与推荐黏度值在2.0 MPa时平均相对偏差为1.25%,4.0 MPa时平均相对偏差为1.61%,最大相对偏差绝对值为3.50%,验证了实验系统的可靠性。选取临界压力状态的黏度值作为参考状态值,通过引用Yaws液相有机化合物的黏度经验公式,结合SRK状态方程对绝对速率理论黏度模型进行了改进,耦合实验数据,建立了一种适用于碳氢燃料的高温高压液相黏度的推算模型。采取共轭梯度法和遗传算法对模型参数进行拟合,计算结果与实验结果的平均相对偏差值在2.00%以内,最大相对偏差绝对值小于4.50%,验证了模型的精确性。     

基于PR方程的碳酸二甲酯摩擦理论黏度模型

在对文献中发表的碳酸二甲酯黏度实验数据进行全面收集的基础上,将摩擦理论与工程上常用的Peng-Rob inson状态方程(PR方程)结合建立了碳酸二甲酯的液相黏度模型,通过最小二乘法回归得到了模型中的各系数。结果表明:在拟合范围内,碳酸二甲酯黏度模型的计算值与实验数据绝对平均偏差和最大偏差分别为1.78%和6.34%。所建立的黏度模型适用的温度范围为283—383 K,压力范围为饱和压力接近于100 MPa,文章为碳酸二甲酯作为替代燃料等的进一步深入研究和工程应用提供了黏度计算模型。     

制冷剂R1336mzz(E)液相黏度理论与实验研究

研究新型制冷剂的热物理性质是制冷剂替代工作的基础。在新型环保HFO类制冷剂中,R1336mzz（E）因其与R245fa相似的热力学性质,在高温热泵和有机朗肯循环中有希望成为R245fa的替代制冷剂。采用旋转式毛细管黏度计,测量了278 ~ 333 K温度范围内R1336mzz（E）的液相黏度,并根据四种形式的液体黏度方程对实验数据进行拟合,得到R1336mzz（E）黏度与温度的关联式。结果表明,采用修正后的非线性Andrade关联式所关联的精度最高,其关联结果与实验结果之间平均绝对偏差（AAD）和最大绝对偏差（MAD）分别为0.170 %和0.311 %。基于R1336mzz（E）于高温热泵的应用前景,通过拟合所得的四种黏度关联式对实验数据进行至临界温度（403.37 K）的外推,根据误差分析,采用修正后的非线性Andrade关联式外推得到的数据最可靠,可作为R1336mzz（E）临界温度附近的黏度数据。研究工作可以为R1336mzz（E）的替代应用研究提供基础数据。     

碳酸二乙酯黏度和密度的实验测量及数据关联

采用振动弦黏度/密度计对碳酸二乙酯的黏度与密度进行了实验研究,测量的温度范围为263～363 K,压力范围为0.1～20 MPa。实验系统黏度和密度测量的不确定度分别为±2.0%和±0.2%。利用得到的实验数据,分别拟合了碳酸二乙酯黏度和密度方程。黏度实验数据与方程的平均绝对偏差为0.54%,最大绝对偏差为1.98%;密度实验数据与方程的平均绝对偏差为0.042%,最大绝对偏差为0.12%。最后将实验数据与文献数据进行了比较。为碳酸二乙酯作为替代燃料等研究提供了基础数据。     

氟里昂类物质的饱和液体黏度和导热系数相互推算的对应态方法

引言 导热系数和黏度是重要的运输性质,是工程设计和应用中的基础数据.     

Viscosity prediction for fatty systems

Viscosity data have been measured as a function of temperature for two pure polyunsaturated fatty compounds (linoleic acid and trilinolein), for two multicomponent fatty systems, for a commercial-grade oleic acid (approximately 80% pure), and for canola oil. The measurements were performed in Cannon Fenske glass capillary kinematic viscometers. The contents of a large data bank, containing viscosity data for saturated, monousaturated, and polyunsaturated pure fatty substances, were correlated by an equation based on the number of carbon atoms and double bonds. By using this equation for pure compounds and the UNIMOD group contribution method for mixtures, the viscosity data for model fatty systems, commercial oleic acid, and canola oil were predicted. The good results obtained in the present work indicate that this approach can be a valuable tool for designing or evaluating chemical process equipment for the oil industry.     

基于ASOG-VISCO模型的醚类混合溶液黏度预测

基于44种二元含醚类物质混合溶液的运动黏度实验数据,采用ASOG-VISCO黏度模型回归得到了新的基团对O-CH₂,O-CyCH,O-ArCH,O-OH,O-COO,O-CCl₃,O-CCl₄的交互作用参数,所研究溶液体系为醚类与正烷烃、异烷烃、环烷烃、芳香族、醇类、氯仿、四氯化碳和酯类的混合物,黏度计算值与实验值的绝对平均偏差为3.31%。同时,为了验证回归得到的新交互作用参数对醚类混合溶液黏度预测的通用性,对11种其他醚类混合溶液的黏度进行了推算,计算值与实验值的绝对平均偏差为5.95%,可以满足实际工程需要。