形貌和光照条件对ZnO抗菌性能的影响

检测了四针状氧化锌晶须、纳米氧化锌和普通工业级氧化锌的抗菌性能,比较了形貌和光照条件对ZnO抗菌性能的影响,并研究了ZnO对不同菌种的抗菌性能差异.结果表明,Zno形貌对其抗菌性能有较大影响,有光条件下ZnO抗菌性能大于无光条件下,3种ZnO对大肠杆菌的抗菌性能均比对金黄色葡萄球菌好.     

磁性改性四针状氧化锌晶须的制备及其表征

本文通过原位合成方法制备了磁性改性四针状氧化锌晶须(M-ZnOw),并通过焙烧处理对M-ZnOw的成分进行了调整.在此基础上,对M-ZnOw的微观形貌、成分、磁学性能进行了表征,结果表明M-ZnOw保持了四针状氧化锌晶须(T-ZnOw)的四针状结构,且在晶须表面均匀生长有磁性纳米颗粒,M-ZnOw可在室温下表现出超顺磁性、铁磁性等磁学性能.对M-ZnOw原位合成工艺的进一步研究结果表明,PEG在ZnO和磁性纳米颗粒间起到了桥联作用.     

氧化锌晶须对白炭黑填充三元乙丙橡胶结构性能影响的研究

研究了ZnO晶须、纳米氧化锌对白炭黑填充三元乙丙橡胶力学性能和形态的影响。结果表明,四针状氧化锌晶须的引入,在小体积分数(2.3%)下使乙丙橡胶的强度升高、定伸应力增加,伸长率和硬度变化较小,晶须的补强作用强于纳米氧化锌、晶须的刺状结构在补强方面有重要作用。     

氧化锌晶须电磁波吸收性能研究

用四针状氧化锌晶须作为电磁波吸收材料,研究了氧化锌晶须结构对其电磁波吸收性能的影响:用SEM表征了其形貌,分析了氧化锌晶须针状体长径比、截面形貌和晶体结构等结构因素对其在8～12GHz电磁波频段吸收性能的影响,并初步分析了结构导致其电磁波吸收性能差异的原因.     

蒸气氧化法制备掺锑氧化锌纳米颗粒的研究

以不同摩尔比的Zn-Sb合金为原料,采用加热蒸发氧化-冷凝的方法在相同的试验条件下获得了纯的和Sb掺杂的ZnO纳米颗粒.纳米颗粒的形貌、结构和化学状态分别通过TEM、HRTEM、XRD和XPS进行了表征.通过TEM观察发现:随原料中Sb量的增加,颗粒形貌由纯ZnO的四针状纳米晶须逐渐变化为棒状、四方形和六方形的颗粒状.六方形纳米颗粒的HRTEM分析表明:颗粒是结晶完好的纤锌矿结构的单晶,(1100)晶面间距比文献报道的纯ZnO的数值大.XRD没有检测到Sb掺杂ZnO纳米颗粒除ZnO外的其它物相,但XPS分析确定了Sb元素存在于纳米颗粒中.讨论了四针状纳米ZnO的形成及Sb的存在对颗粒形态的影响.     

金属锌高温氧化制备四针状氧化锌晶须

通过研究金属锌高温氧化产物的形貌特征,进一步了解四针状氧化锌晶须的形成机理。以金属锌锭为原料,浇铸成重10~50g的小锌块,装入氧化铝坩埚中,在马弗炉内从室温加热至1000~1250℃,将金属锌蒸发氧化,获得氧化锌产物。实验分析了金属锌块用量、保温温度对氧化锌形貌的影响。X-射线衍射测定显示,产物为六方纤锌矿结构的氧化锌。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)比较分析了不同实验条件下产物的形貌,当保温温度1200℃,金属锌用量分别为20g、30g时,产物为较均匀的四针状氧化锌晶须(T-ZnOw)。分析结果表明,T-ZnOw的生长由晶核的形成和针状体晶须的长大两个阶段组成,调控锌蒸气的产生和氧化过程,可获得形貌为T-ZnOw的氧化锌产物。     

T-ZnO_w制备过程中工艺参数的影响

采用常压下直接热蒸发锌粉的方法制备了四针状氧化锌晶须(T-ZnOw)。研究了升温速率及保温温度对晶须产量、结构及形态的影响。利用SEM及XRD对产物进行了表征。实验结果表明前期升温速率为3℃/min时,所制备T-ZnOw形貌最为规整,且产率高达95%。随着前期升温速率的提高,产物是不均匀的四针状氧化锌晶须,晶须尺寸增加。随着保温温度的增加,晶须细化,但晶须结构的完整性及产量都有所下降。     

氧化锌纳米棒形貌对ZnO/Cu2O异质结太阳能电池光伏性能的影响

采用电化学沉积法制备了ZnO纳米棒,首先讨论了电化学沉积参数对氧化锌(ZnO)纳米棒形貌的影响,并对不同长度ZnO纳米棒的光吸收和反射等性质进行了研究.实验发现沉积时间是影响纳米棒长度、直径的重要因素,ZnO纳米棒的微观形貌对其光学性质有重要影响.然后以氧化锌纳米棒为n型材料,以氧化亚铜为p型材料,通过电化学沉积法构筑了ZnO/Cu2O异质结太阳能电池,并测试了其光伏性能,研究表明增长纳米棒阵列的长度使得开路电压、短路电流密度及光电转换效率等性能得到提升.最后,综合分析了氧化锌纳米棒形貌与所组装电池的性能之间的关系,发现调控氧化锌纳米棒的形貌是提高ZnO/Cu2O异质结太阳能电池光伏性能的有效途径.     

真空法制备纳米四针状氧化锌晶须结构和形貌的研究

以金属锌为原料,研究了真空条件下纳米四针状氧化锌晶须(T-ZnOw)的制备,考察了反应条件对氧化锌结晶形貌的影响.表面能谱证实产物只含锌和氧原子,但氧原子数少于化学计量,表明T-ZnOw在缺氧环境中生长.XRD物相分析表明:产物为纯的六方晶系纤锌矿结构;SEM研究表明:分子筛用量、反应温度、体系压力对产物的形态影响很大.     

纳米T-ZnOW的制备及其生长机理研究

以锌粒为原料，分子筛为催化剂，利用真空控氧高温气相氧化法，制备了纳米四针状氧化锌晶须（T—ZnOw）。利用XRD和SEM、TEM对产物进行物相分析和形貌观察。结果表明：产物为纯六方晶系纤锌矿结构氧化锌；体系压力和反应温度是影响晶须形貌的两个重要因素。当温度恒定为1038℃，而压力低于11083Pa时，均可获得根部直径为20—80nm、针长500nm-2μm、形貌规整的纳米T—ZnOw。TEM研究表明，纳米T—ZnOw的针部为单晶，而核心为多重孪晶结构，其生长遵循气固生长机理。     

Preparation of ZrO2-CeO2 and HfO2-CeO2 nanopowders

We prepared weakly agglomerated powders of ZrO₂-CeO₂ and HfO₂-CeO₂ solid solutions 5–8 nm in particle size, consisting of monoclinic and tetragonal phases. After heat treatment at 1200°C, the crystallite size was 30 and 14 nm, respectively. We also examined the effect of precipitate freeze drying on the crystallization of hafnia-based solid solutions containing up to 20 mol % CeO₂.     

Comparison of the Electronic Structures of La2CuO4, Sr2CuO2Cl2, and Sr2CuO2F2

First-principles cluster calculations are reported of the local electronic structure of the three compounds: La₂CuO₄, Sr₂CuO₂Cl₂, and Sr₂CuO₂F₂. The copper ${\text{3d}}_{x^2 - y^2 } $ and the planar oxygen 2p _σ atomic orbitals exhibit a similar degree of covalency. The out-of-plane orbitals, however, are quite different with the ${\text{3}}d_{3z^2 - r^2 } $ atomic orbital lowered significantly in energy for chlorine and fluorine apical positions.     

Thermoelectric power of single-phase samples of Tl2CaBa2Cu2O y and Ba2CaSr2Cu2O y

Single-phase 2122 samples of thallium and bismuth superconductors were made by the precursor matrix method. The thermopower of these samples was measured in the temperature range 250 K-T _c . The thermopower was positive and decreased linearly with increasing temperature aboveT _c (onset). The exponential enhancement of thermopower seen in the undoped and doped YBCO was not observed in these samples. The linear variation of thermopower can be explained on the basis of either a two-band model or a narrow band model.     

VLE data for CO2-CF2Cl2, N2-CO2, N2-CF2Cl2 and N2-CO2-CF2Cl

Knowledge about vapour-liquid (VLE) is required as a basis of reliable calculations for separation processes. Correlations available for the prediction of T, p, x, y data are less accurate for mixtures at high pressures and mixtures containing supercritical components. The results of VLE experiments are reported and compared with data calculated with equations of state.     

Structure of Na2O·2TiO2 glass

X-ray radial distribution analysis and Raman spectroscopic measurement were carried out on Na₂O-2TiO₂ glass prepared by twin-roller quenching method. It is found that four-coordinated Ti⁴⁺ ions may be predominant over six-coordinated ones in the present glass. It is also found that the fraction of six-coordinated Ti⁴⁺ ions is larger in the present glass than in K₂O·2TiO₂ and Cs₂O·2TiO₂ glasses. Poorer glass-forming ability of the Na₂O-TiO₂ system compared with the K₂O-TiO₂ and Cs₂O-TiO₂ systems is ascribed to a larger fraction of TiO₆ octahedron for the former system.     

SiO2—TiO2—ZrO2系涂层的制备及其特性

用溶胶－凝胶法（sol-gel method）在不锈钢表面制备了SiO2-TiO2-ZrO2系无机氧化膜（STZ）。用DTA／TG、IR、XRD和SEM等手段研究了涂层制备时由凝胶向玻璃态的转变以及涂层薄膜的显微结构特点，考察了涂层对基体的保护效果。试验结果表明，在溶胶至凝胶最终转变为无机氧化物的过程中形成了无机网络，Si^4 和Zr^4 充当了网络骨架的形成离子。涂层为无定型玻璃态，其间混有石英、锐钛矿或金红石等微晶。     

Elastic and Electronic Properties of Superconducting CaPd 2 As 2 and SrPd 2 As 2 vs. Non-superconducting BaPd 2 As 2

The first-principles calculations were performed to predict the elastic and electronic properties of the superconducting ThCr₂Si₂-type phases CaPd₂As₂ and SrPd₂As₂ in comparison with the non-superconducting CeMg₂Si₂-type phase BaPd₂As₂. Besides, the same properties were compared for CeMg₂Si₂- and ThCr₂Si₂-type polymorphs of BaPd₂As₂. We found that all these phases are mechanically stable and belong to soft materials with low hardness. The near-Fermi region is formed by the valence states of the blocks [Pd₂As₂] with decisive contributions of Pd 4d states. The values of N(E _F) increase in the sequence: CaPd₂As₂ < SrPd₂As₂ < BaPd₂As₂, i.e. in the reverse sequence relative to the transition temperatures T _C. Thus, the change in T _C cannot be explained by the electronic factor, i.e. by the simple correlation T _C～N(E _F). Most likely the decrease in T _C in the sequence CaPd₂As₂ → SrPd₂As₂ and the absence of a superconducting transition in BaPd₂As₂ are related to the structural factors and the peculiarities of the electron–phonon coupling mechanism.     

Investigation of Instability of Lattice of Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_x

Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox superconductor was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG) in different atmospheres. It is discovered that there is a thermal anomaly in the DSC curve, associated with a weight loss in the TG curve before the melting of the sample. Careful thermal analysis and high temperature X-ray diffraction reveal that the thermal anomaly and the weight loss show an instability of the crystalline Iattice. By annealing the sample in oxygen and argon, respectively and then by TC measurement and thermal analysis, the coincidence of transition temperature with the instability is found. The coincidence is further confirmed by Y-doped 2212 phase.     

Thermal conductivity of the system N2O4 ⇄ 2NO2 ⇄ 2NO + O2

Experimental data on the thermal conductivity of dissociating nitrogen tetroxide have been obtained by the hot-wire method in the temperature range from 290 to 870° K at pressures up to 10⁵ N/m².