输配电价管制中激励模型的构建

管制者在制定输配电价格时,常采用基于RPI-X公式的价格上限、收益上限、与标尺竞争管制,对于效率因数X的确定,许多国家倾向于应用基于企业的相对效率制定绩效标杆来确定。前沿绩效标杆方法主要运用DEA求出绩效较好的企业,作为参照绩效。文章讨论了DEA方法在绩效标杆法中的应用,并用绩效标杆法解决电价管制的问题。     

供电企业同业对标管理系统的设计及实现

结合省级供电企业的日常经营管理活动,提出了同业对标系统的建设原则,设计了供电企业同业对标管理系统整体技术框架,并详细叙述了指标库管理、指标评估管理、对标发布管理、对标结果分析管理、最佳实践管理、安全管理等各部分的功能。最后介绍了实际应用案例的主机配置以及应用平台、数据库的设计思路。     

采用体验性游戏模型的配电网运行仿真培训系统设计

将体验式学习理论和教育游戏理念引入配电网运行仿真培训系统的研发过程,利用体验性游戏模型理论建立了配电网运行仿真模型。配电网运行仿真培训系统采用面向服务的体系结构,实现了配电运行三维场景的组态式构建及仿真应用功能的灵活扩展,可应用于配电运行、检修、调试及调度人员的技能培训,改善了配电生产运行人员的仿真培训效果。     

Electricity Markets Cleared by Merit Order—Part II: Strategic Offers and Market Power

In an electricity market cleared by a merit-order economic dispatch we make use of the mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) scheme derived in Part I to find the market outcomes supported by a pure strategy Nash equilibria (NE). From these NE, we identify offer strategies in terms of gaming or not gaming that best meet the risk/benefit expectations of the participating Gencos. To do this, a number of measures of potential profit gain and loss are developed that quantify the notion of risk/benefit under the possible multiple NE. The NE identification scheme is tested on several systems of up to 30 generating units, each with four incremental cost blocks, also showing how market power is influenced by the number and size of the competing Gencos as well as by the imposed price cap.     

基于多种大数据量化分析方法的世界一流电力企业集团对标模型研究与实践

本文紧密围绕南方电网公司创建具有全球竞争力的世界一流企业的愿景目标,通过综合运用内容分析法、德尔菲法、层次分析法、变异系数法、卓越绩效模式、Likert量表等多种大数据量化分析方法,系统构建了指标对标、管理能力对标相结合的世界一流电力企业集团对标模型。实践证明,该模型具有开创性强、客观量化、便于推广等创新点,在南方电网公司集团对标工作中应用效果良好,为电力企业更有效地开展对标工作探索了新方法和新模式。     

信息化对标框架和指标分析研究

电网企业迫切需要定期地与国际先进对标企业和同行业先进对标企业进行整体、综合的能力比较与评估,不断更新信息化对标定性分析框架和定量分析特定指标,强化对标对象特别是国际先进对标企业的选取,提出定性和定量对标方法,开展关键指标定性分析和关键指标定量分析,重点完成信息化治理、信息化实施、基础设施、信息管理、信息集成、信息化创新能力等信息化执行力和信息化创新能力的对标分析,及时评价企业信息化整体所处水平和能力,以便每年滚动修订本企业的信息化发展报告。     

对标管理探讨

以某发电集团开展生产技术方面对标管理为例，较深入地分析了对标管理在企业界应用的趋势，介绍对标管理的起源以及发展，分析了对标方法的应用原理，介绍了对标管理工作如何组织开展的具体做法。     

供电煤耗率对标基准模型及其节能潜力研究

基于锅炉效率、机组热耗率、厂用电率的在线计算模型,建立供电煤耗率的在线计算模型,并以机组设计煤种和运行参数为基础建立锅炉效率、机组热耗率、厂用电率的对标基准模型。结合350MW机组,确定机组煤耗率随负荷和入炉煤质变化的对标基准值,以实现电厂主要指标对标基准的动态计算,为电厂指标考核和节能分析提供参考。     

基于博弈均衡购电电价的分时电价

电力市场改革促进发电商竞价与购电商间竞价。根据博弈理论,将购电商与发电商看作一个两人静态博弈模型,根据双方叫价拍卖模型,计算贝叶斯均衡点,确定购电电价,寻求不同出价下的均衡电价在分时电价中的应用,根据反应后的削峰填谷效果进行出价选择和协商,达到双方共赢的目的。     

Benchmarking of GFET devices for amplifier application using multiscale simulation approach

Starting from advanced NEGF physical simulation of a 100 nm gate length Graphene FET, we attempt to use these results as a starting point to evaluate this technology for microwave circuit benchmarking. Using an improved compact model carefully adjusted on NEGF simulation data, in both DC and AC regime, we use this model to design a mmW amplifier at 140 GHz. In the first part of the design procedure, we use the ADS compact model for coplanar waveguide of passive elements. The complete design is then verified using electromagnetic FEM simulation which gives more reliable results at very high frequencies for passive elements and interconnections. This analysis has shown that unlike first GFET generations, impedance matching problems may be naturally solved with transistor performance improvements. Finally, the GFET device and circuit is compared to HEMT technologies and shows promising performances.     

Analysis of electricity market rules and their effects on strategicbehavior in a noncongestive grid

Earlier work has discussed the potential for strategic bidding in deregulated electricity markets, and shown specially how generators can take advantage of congestion in their strategy. The authors show that it is also possible for even mid-price suppliers to create congestion problems through gaming in a noncongestive system. Under auction mechanisms such as in the United Kingdom, this can be profitable, at the consumer's expense. The optimal auction prevents profitable gaming, but requires the simultaneous handling of market clearing and system dispatch, making it harder to ensure the neutrality of system operations     

考虑预测误差的风电场电量投标博弈分析

随着电力市场化改革的深入发展,风电等新能源需要逐步与火电等其他传统电源进行竞争,同时风电等新能源出力的不确定性也增加了其在市场上博弈的复杂性。文中针对现货市场中风电场采用电量投标模式下的利益博弈问题,考虑风电出力的不确定性及预测误差,基于日前、日内2级现货市场出清模型,推导了风电场在不同投标组合情形下市场博弈均衡点的解析式,并采用实际风电出力及预测数据进行了仿真验证。对市场均衡下的风电投标结果进行分析,结果表明:在风电场电量投标模式下,风电场的博弈策略与风电出力预测值及预测误差有关,风电场可通过提高预测精度降低其投标收益风险;同时,此投标模式下风电场的投标策略出现了日前电量持留,加剧了风电场的投机行为,增加了市场运行风险。     

Benchmarking for Distribution Utilities: A Problematic Approach to Defining Efficiency

Benchmarking for ratemaking purposes may not be feasible. A proper benchmarking analysis would be extremely burdensome since it would be necessary to carefully review all the costs for all the companies included in the benchmarking study. Regulators who attempt to simplify the methodology to render it more manageable risk making arbitrary judgments that confuse inefficiency with heterogeneity and that are potentially harmful to companies who cannot “improve” their way out of fundamental differences in circumstances.     

信息挖掘技术在电力企业同业对标管理中的应用

随着国家电网公司同业对标管理的积极推进和深入开展, 各级电力公司纷纷开展企业内部及企业之间的业务交流及指标评比活动, 不断引入更新更有效的管理模式, 促进了企业经营管理水平的不断提高。本文基于同业对标管理开展的具体情况, 将以分布分析、聚类分析、关联规则分析为代表的信息挖掘技术引入到电力企业同业对标的管理活动中, 为国网公司各级单位同业对标管理的深入开展提供了一条思路。     

区域公司与厂级联合实时节能对标信息管理系统的开发与应用

基于区域公司实时监管系统和火力发电厂厂级监控信息系统(SIS),开发了1套区域公司与厂级联合实时节能对标管理信息系统。通过建立电厂生产指标(标杆)体系及分级经济技术指标,实现了实时数据的在线对标管理,以此建立了机组实时能耗分析和设备状态检修分析模型。利用对标分析结果量化生产过程中的能源消耗情况和转换效率,可指导机组优化运行,降低生产成本,提高电厂能效。     

Strategic behavior in market-based redispatch: International experience

This study reviews international experience with market based redispatch. It focuses on two manifestations of strategic behavior: abuse of market power and so-called inc-dec gaming. Two central arguments are derived from the review. First, reviewed countries explain strategic behavior by the lack of competition within congestion regions and primarily as a result of market power. Inc-dec gaming, if present, is recognized as a problem only in combination with market power exercise. Second, strategic behavior can be effectively addressed with countermeasures. In result, the potential for strategic behavior within market based redispatch does not seem to justify rejecting its implementation.     

Electricity Markets Cleared by Merit Order—Part I: Finding the Market Outcomes Supported by Pure Strategy Nash Equilibria

In an electricity market cleared by a merit-order economic dispatch we first identify the necessary conditions for the market outcomes supported by pure strategy Nash equilibria (NE) to exist when generating companies (Gencos) game through their incremental cost offers or supply functions. A Genco may own any number of units, each offering to generate power through an incremental cost curve or supply function consisting of multiple blocks. Then, we develop a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) scheme to find the NE without approximations or iterations. In Part II of this paper, we show how to use these NE to derive a dominant offer strategy in terms of gaming or not gaming that best meet the risk/benefit expectations of the participating Gencos. The MILP scheme is tested on several systems of up to 30 generating units, each with four incremental cost blocks. Finally, based on these results, we carry out a number of numerical analyses of how market power is influenced by the number and size of the competing Gencos.     

国际同业对标给上海电力外事工作带来的机遇和挑战

国际同业对标是国家电网公司提出的一项重点工作,通过与国网系统内部对标工作相结合,寻找国家电网公司与国际一流电力公司之间的差距,分析原因,以实现经营管理的提升.简要介绍了上海电力开展国际同业对标工作以来,外事工作所取得的成绩,分析了所面临的新的机遇和挑战,提出了应对的建议.     

青海省电力公司创一流同业对标管理系统的设计开发

青海省电力公司创一流同业对标管理系统是对同业对标指标数据进行综合管理的信息系统。文章详细叙述了此管理系统的设计思想、技术特点、功能模块及应用效率。     

统计分析评价在电力通信系统中的应用和流程设计

统计分析和对标评价是电力通信系统中的重要工作内容,但两者并未得到成熟和有效的应用和管理。以人工计算方式开展的统计分析评价制约着工作效率和工作质量的提升,结合统计分析和对标评价在电力通信系统中的应用现状,提出了平台应用的理念,针对2种不同的采集策略对统计分析管理流程进行了设计,并对2种流程设计进行了优劣分析,同时设计了对标评价管理流程,使其发挥对安全生产和管理促进的积极作用。