变槽宽比双主梁断面悬索桥抖振响应特性

为了研究变槽宽比双主梁断面悬索桥抖振响应,提出考虑自激力和抖振力沿展向变化的频域和时域抖振计算方法,对某景观大桥进行抖振分析。频域法研究了气动导纳函数、平均风速、脉动风交叉谱对抖振响应的影响,分析不同类型气动导纳函数对抖振响应的影响差异及原因。时域法通过在每个荷载步更新三分力系数进而更新气动力,并考虑结构的几何非线性效应。计算结果表明:考虑气动力展向变化的时域法能够捕捉到跨中单索面位置的局部峰值;时域抖振响应计算值在竖向大于频域计算值,在扭转方向要小于频域计算值;考虑气动力展向变化计算的抖振响应要大于采用跨中断面气动参数计算的抖振响应,其主要由抖振力的展向变化产生,自激力的展向变化对其影响较小,在实际工程中考虑气动力展向变化进行抖振分析更加安全。     

桥梁抖振时域和频域分析的一致性研究

为考查时域分析方法用于桥梁抖振分析的可行性和可靠性,基于相同的分析参数,分别采用时域和频域分析方法对一斜拉桥的抖振响应进行分析,并从结构振动型态、抖振响应均方根及抖振响应功率谱密度函数三个方面对时域和频域分析结果的一致性进行了较详细的比较。时域抖振响应分析中,采用谱解法模拟了斜拉桥的脉动风场,抖振力采用准定常表达形式,自激力采用Y.K. Lin 表达形式。由于自激力的存在,结构的运动方程为非线性,提出了一种迭代方法来考虑自激力引起的非线性。采用Newmark-β方法进行积分计算。频域抖振分析采用多模态耦合分析方法。时域及频域抖振响应分析结果的一致性较好,这表明了大跨度斜拉桥时域抖振响应分析的可行性和可靠性。     

考虑桥塔风场效应的斜拉桥抖振时域分析

与以往的抖振时域分析中仅模拟主梁风场不同,本文则同时模拟了主梁风场和桥塔风场,探讨了桥塔风场效应对主梁及桥塔抖振响应的影响,计算中采用了风洞中实测的紊流风速谱。空间相关性是影响桥梁抖振响应的一个重要因素,在杭州湾跨海大桥风洞试验中,对风洞空间相关性进行了测量研究,并在风场模拟时将衰减因子取为实测值。数值计算结果与风洞试验结果进行了对比,吻合较好,分析比较还表明:考虑桥塔抖振效应会显著增大桥塔的横桥向抖振响应,而对桥塔的顺桥向振动以及主梁振动影响不大。     

桥塔风效应对大跨度悬索桥抖振响应的影响

以润扬长江公路大桥南汊悬索桥(润扬悬索桥)为研究对象,首先基于ANSYS建立了该桥的三维有限元计算模型,同时基于桥址区实测风特性建立了该桥考虑桥塔风效应的三维脉动风场,在此基础上进行了该桥非线性抖振响应时域分析,重点研究了桥塔风效应对大跨度悬索桥风致抖振响应的影响。研究结果表明,主塔风效应对大跨度悬索桥主梁抖振响应的影响很小。就主塔而言,其顺桥向抖振响应受桥塔风效应的影响也很小,但横桥向抖振响应在考虑桥塔风效应时显著增加,在进行抖振响应分析时不容忽视。研究结果对大跨度悬索桥的风致抖振分析具有参考价值。     

三塔斜拉桥抖振的耦合行为研究

三塔斜拉桥较为柔性,振动模态较为密集,对风更为敏感。以京沪高速铁路南京长江大桥为工程背景,基于多模态耦合振动分析理论,对三塔斜拉桥抖振的耦合性能进行了研究。分别采用多模态耦合抖振分析方法和非耦合的单模态SRSS(Square Root of Sum of Squares)方法对结构在设计风速下的抖振响应进行了分析,将两种分析方法所得抖振响应的均方根及功率谱密度函数进行比较。为明确模态间的耦合关系,进一步分析了结构抖振响应随参与分析模态数的变化情况。分析结果表明:三塔斜拉桥抖振响应存在明显的多模态耦合效应,模态间的耦合作用将增大结构的抖振响应。对于大跨度桥梁的精细化分析,抖振的耦合行为不容忽视。     

考虑桥塔风效应的多塔斜拉桥抖振响应分析

该文以6塔斜拉桥——嘉绍大桥为研究对象,基于ANSYS瞬态动力学分析功能进行了嘉绍大桥风致抖振响应的非线性时域分析,研究了多塔斜拉桥主梁和桥塔在强风作用下的抖振响应特性,并详细考察了自激力和桥塔风效应对主梁和桥塔抖振响应的影响。分析结果表明:1) 主梁与桥塔的风致抖振响应与结构的振动特性联系紧密,其抖振响应由于主梁与桥塔的动力耦合作用呈现出一定的独特性;2) 考虑自激力后主梁竖向抖振响应明显减小,而对主梁横桥向和扭转抖振响应影响相对较小。同时,自激力对桥塔的横桥向抖振响应基本没有影响,但对桥塔的顺桥向抖振响应起到了明显的抑制作用;3) 桥塔风效应对主梁的竖向和扭转抖振响应以及桥塔的顺桥向抖振响应基本没有影响,但会对主梁和桥塔的横桥向抖振响应产生较大影响。     

Microtab对翼型跨音速抖振始发特性的影响

研究了microtab对翼型跨音速抖振始发特性的影响。采用SST湍流模型对RANS方程进行封闭,以NACA0012翼型为对象,用CFD方法计算了在其后缘附近安装microtab后,翼型的跨音速流场。对比分析了在翼型后缘附近的上表面、下表面单独安装和上下表面对称安装microtab后,对翼型跨音速抖振始发特性的影响,并研究了microtab的高度和弦向安装位置对跨音速抖振边界的控制作用。结果表明：在翼型后缘附近的上表面加装microtab能够提高抖振始发攻角,并且随着microtab高度的增加,抖振始发攻角有增大的趋势。在翼型后缘附近的下表面加装microtab能够提高抖振始发时的升力系数,且抖振始发时的升力系数随着microtab高度的增加而增大。microtab的弦向安装位置的变化对于抖振始发攻角影响较小,但是对抖振始发时的升力系数有明显的影响。         

紊流空间相关系数对大跨度三塔悬索桥抖振响应的影响

鉴于紊流空间相关系数尚难以准确获取的现状,以泰州长江公路大桥为研究对象,采用谐波合成法模拟了该桥的三维脉动风场,并基于ANSYS平台进行了该桥非线性抖振响应时域分析。在研究过程中,以Davenport相干函数中的无量纲衰减因子λ为控制参数,重点分析了紊流空间相关系数对大跨度三塔悬索桥风致抖振响应的影响。研究结果表明,紊流空间相关系数对桥梁抖振响应影响较大,主梁跨中侧向与扭转位移响应随着衰减因子的增大而减小,竖向抖振位移响应随着衰减因子的增大而略有增加,且不同的衰减因子λ所造成的抖振响应计算值的差值可达50%以上。结论可供大跨度三塔悬索桥的风致抖振研究参考。     

基于气动新模型的大跨度桥梁频域抖振分析

提出采用准定常气动刚度与基于试验的非定常气动阻尼进行气动修正的大跨度桥梁抖振计算新模型。桥梁节段模型风洞试验表明,气动新模型能相对更准确地描述桥梁结构的气动刚度与气动阻尼特性。以东海大桥的风致抖振响应为例,对气动新模型与传统Scanlan颤抖振模型的分析结果进行了对比研究。计算结果与风洞试验表明,气动新模型具有良好的计算精度与明确的物理意义。     

考虑抖振影响的大跨度桥梁静风稳定性分析

提出大跨度桥梁静风稳定性求解的动力有限元方法,在考虑桥梁结构几何非线性与脉动风抖振响应影响的基础上对西堠门大桥与东海大桥的静风稳定性进行了分析,计算结果表明,忽略脉动风抖振影响求出的静风失稳临界风速是偏于保守的。     

Vivaldi Antennas for Microwave Imaging: Theoretical Analysis and Design Considerations

The geometrical and electrical features of the Vivaldi antenna are studied in the light of the frequency-independent antenna theory. A scaling principle is derived for the exponential tapering of the antenna, and a closed-form model for the current distribution is provided. Such theoretical results are in good agreement with several numerical simulations performed by using the NEC2 code. Furthermore, a practical feeding system, based on a double-Y balun, is developed and tested to obtain a more systematic approach to the design of the aforesaid antennas     

Comparative robustness study of planar antennas

Is it possible to produce a planar dipole-like antenna with a reduced conductive area without any loss in either robustness or performance? The objective is to reduce the amount of expensive conductor to be used when applying a meshing technique to the printing of antennas. In this context, robustness means that the characteristics are maintained when the antenna is damaged, for example if it is scratched. This is particularly important for radio frequency identification tags in logistic systems. A general antenna robustness evaluation methodology, based on numerical simulations of a large number of randomly damaged antennas, is used for the antenna comparisons. The antenna performance degradation, based on the return loss (S₁₁) at 868 MHz, is monitored for some basic planar antennas. Finally, we show that it is possible to produce robust low-cost antennas using wire replacements for the solid planar antennas and thus, provided that the robustness requirement is moderate, replace the solid antenna with a thin conductor analogue     

A Novel Indirect Method to Determine the Radiation Impedance of a Handheld Antenna Structure

A novel indirect measurement technique is developed in which the input impedance of an unknown antenna structure is determined by measuring the change in the measured input impedance of a second probe antenna, while the unknown antenna is loaded at its input by a set of known impedances. The feasibility of the approach is explored using method-of-moment boundary element simulations of the interaction between two dipole antennas in free space. Examples of the measurement of the helical antenna of a terrestrial trunked radio (TETRA) handheld radio and a small portable device with an electrically small antenna are presented. The significant advantage of the technique in the accurate measurement of electrically small antennas is confirmed.      

扰流激励下垂尾抖振响应主模态控制风洞试验研究

摘 要：采用压电结构的热弹比拟建模方法,进行了垂尾模型一弯模态和一扭模态响应的压电主动控制仿真。设计制作了一个垂尾气动弹性抖振模型以及两种形式的气流干扰源,用于在风洞中进行垂尾抖振实验及产生扰流对垂尾模型实施抖振激励。采用自主研发的弓形压电作动器,根据垂尾抖振响应控制的主模态控制思想,设计了垂尾模型抖振压电主动控制系统,进行了垂尾模型抖振响应压电主动控制风洞实验。结果表明,采用抖振主模态响应控制思想设计的垂尾抖振压电主动控制系统,可使垂尾模型抖振响应功率谱密度函数峰值降低50%以上。     

Investigation of anisotropic negative permeability medium cover for patch antenna

A more directional and higher gain patch antenna with an anisotropic negative permeability medium (NPM) cover is proposed. The patch antenna operates at the frequency where the permeability of split-ring resonator (SRR) is negative, and then the sideward radiation can be forbidden. It leads to a significant enhancement of designing the high gain antenna. We investigate numerically and experimentally the performance of the antenna when NPM composed of SRR is placed above the patch antenna. The measured result has a good agreement with the simulation. Compared with the conventional antenna, the result shows that the beam of antenna with the NPM cover becomes more convergent, half-power beamwidth is smaller by almost 30deg in the H-plane and 10deg in the E-plane and the gain is higher by 4.03 dB. Moreover, NPM cover can have applications in the other types of antenna such as monopoles, dipole antennas, leak-wave antennas and aperture antennas.     

Effect of Wire Space and Weaving Pattern on Performance of Microstrip Antennas Integrated in the Three Dimensional Orthogonal Woven Composites

A conformal load-bearing antenna structure (CLAS) combines the antenna into a composite structure such that it can carry the designed load while functioning as an antenna. Novel microstrip antennas woven into the three dimensional orthogonal woven composite were proposed in our previous study. In order to determine the effect of the space between the conductive wires on the antenna performance, different space ratios of 1.7, 2.3 and 4.6 were considered in the design. Simulation results showed that when the space ratio increased, the frequency shift and return loss of the corresponding antenna became larger. And the antenna had relatively good performance when the space ratio reached 1.7. Two types of antennas were designed and fabricated with the ratio of 1.7 and 1 respectively and both of them obtained agreeable results. It was also demonstrated by the experimental that the orthogonal structure patch antenna had similar radiation pattern with the traditional copper foil microstrip antenna. However, the interlaced patch antenna had large back and side lobes in the radiation pattern because the existence of the curvature of copper wires in interlaced coupons lowered the reflective efficiency of the ground.     

An Optimized Ensemble Model for Prediction the Bandwidth of Metamaterial Antenna

Metamaterial Antenna is a special class of antennas that uses metamaterial to enhance their performance. Antenna size affects the quality factor and the radiation loss of the antenna. Metamaterial antennas can overcome the limitation of bandwidth for small antennas. Machine learning (ML) model is recently applied to predict antenna parameters. ML can be used as an alternative approach to the trial-and-error process of finding proper parameters of the simulated antenna. The accuracy of the prediction depends mainly on the selected model. Ensemble models combine two or more base models to produce a better-enhanced model. In this paper, a weighted average ensemble model is proposed to predict the bandwidth of the Metamaterial Antenna. Two base models are used namely: Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Support Vector Machines (SVM). To calculate the weights for each model, an optimization algorithm is used to find the optimal weights of the ensemble. Dynamic Group-Based Cooperative Optimizer (DGCO) is employed to search for optimal weight for the base models. The proposed model is compared with three based models and the average ensemble model. The results show that the proposed model is better than other models and can predict antenna bandwidth efficiently.     

Fabrication of multilayer dielectrically loaded antennas using aqueous electrophorectic deposition of polyether ether ketone

The paper presents proof of concept of a viable multilayer technology to enhance the performance of multifilar helix, receive-only satellite antennas. Approximately, 30-μm layers of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) were deposited onto the Cu filars of a single layer dielectrically loaded multifilar helix antenna using aqueous electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The PEEK coating was densified at ~400–420 °C in flowing N₂ to prevent oxidation of the Cu filars. A second Cu metallisation was deposited onto the surface of the PEEK and the resulting antenna characterised. The multilayer antenna revealed a dual band response with peak radiation efficiencies >25 % and ~50 % increase in bandwidth. Multilayered surface architectures fabricated from PEEK using EPD, therefore, show great potential for the development of a broad range of high-performance multiband dielectrically loaded antennas whose peak frequencies may, in principle, be tuned by modifying the thickness of the PEEK layer.     

Effect of adhesive bonds on electrical performance in multi-layer composite antenna

We study experimentally the effect of adhesive bonds in a multi-layer composite antenna. Changes in the antenna performance after the bonding process were determined. Three types of antennas were designed and fabricated, with different resonant frequencies. The measured electrical performances of these fabricated structures reveal that all antennas undergo a fall in their resonant frequencies and a reduction in the gain. The change in resonant frequency is related to a change in the effective dielectric constant of the assembly, and the gain falls due to loss in the adhesive. Corrections were then introduced in the design process so as to compensate for the effect of the adhesive. The measured results for the modified antenna show excellent agreement with the target performance.     

Application of dual-mode filter techniques to the broadband matching of microstrip patch antennas

Structures such as square or circular microstrip patch antennas may support two orthogonal resonant modes. The paper presents a new method of utilising the dual-mode property to increase the bandwidth of microstrip antennas. The input impedance of such a dual-mode antenna may be represented as a second-order ladder network of coupled resonators, where each resonator is coupled to a load resistor. A theoretical method for evaluating the coupling values in the network is presented, enabling the bandwidth of a dual-mode antenna to be maximised. A theoretical bandwidth improvement of up to 3:1 is achieved when compared to a single-mode antenna. This is confirmed with an experimental dual-mode circular microstrip patch antenna