对甲苯甲酸的氰化

本文报道了对甲苯甲酸与尿素反应，进行直接氰化浆羧基转变化氰基生成对甲腈的情况，详细研究了对甲苯甲酸直接氰化的工艺条件。当对甲苯甲酸与尿素的摩尔比为１：１．６，采用分段保温的加热方式，产品收率达７５．６％，对未反应完全的原料，中间体及反应中使用的溶剂进行了回收和循环利用，没有严重的环境污染问题。     

对甲苯甲腈合成工艺改进

本文报道了对甲苯甲酸与尿素反应，进行直接氰化将羧基转变成氰基生成对甲苯甲腈的情况，改进了对甲苯甲酸直接氰化的工艺条件。当对甲苯甲酸与尿素的摩尔比为1：1．6，采用分解保温的加热方式，产品收率达75．6％。对未反应完全的原料、中间体及反应中使用的溶剂进行了回收和循环利用。     

对甲苯腈合成工艺改进

报道了对甲苯酸与尿素反应，进行了直接氰化将羧基转变成氰基生成对甲苯腈的情况，改进了对甲苯甲酸直接氰化的工艺条件，当对甲苯甲酸与尿素的物质的量比为1：1．6，采用分段保温的加热方式，收率达75．6％，对未反应完全的原料，中间体及反应中使用的溶剂进行了回收和循环利用，没有严重的环境污染问题。     

对甲苯甲腈合成工艺改进

本文报道了对甲苯甲酸与尿素反应,进行直接氰化将羧基转变成氰基生成对甲苯甲腈的情况,改进了对甲苯甲酸直接氰化的工艺条件。当对甲苯甲酸与尿素的摩尔比为1:1.6,采用分段保温的加热方式,产品收率达75.6％。对未反应完全的原料、中间体及反应中使用的溶剂进行了回收和循环利用。     

溶剂法合成对甲苯甲腈

本文报道了对甲苯甲酸在氨基磺酸的存在下，在溶剂中同尿素反应生成对甲苯甲腈的合成方法，并对影响产品收率的因素进行了讨论。     

溶剂法合成对甲苯甲腈

本文报道了对甲苯甲酸在氨基磺酸的存在下,在溶剂中同尿素反应生成对甲苯甲腈的合成方法,并对影响产品收率的因素进行了讨论。     

对甲苯甲腈合成新路线

叙述了以对二甲苯为起始原料，先以３０％～３５％硝酸进行氧化制得对甲苯甲酸，再和尿素经加热熔融反应制得对甲苯甲腈的合成工艺。     

氯代苯甲酸的氰化

本文报道了氯代苯甲酸在脱水剂氨基磺酸等的存在下与尿素反应,进行直接氰化将羧基转变成氰基生成氯代苯腈的情况。并详细地研究了邻氯苯甲酸进行这种直接氰化的反应条件。当邻氯苯甲酸与尿素和氨基磺酸的摩尔比为1:1.5:1.5时,能直接地高产率地得到相应的芳腈,且纯度较好。本合成法无需专门的反应装置,操作简便,反应能很快地顺利进行,同时没有严重的污染、三废问题也较易解决。本合成法特别适合中小化工企业,是合成取代芳腈的一个新途径。     

邻硝基对甲砜基苯甲酸的合成

选用以对甲砜基甲苯为原料，在催化剂的作用下，硝化、氧化邻硝基对甲砜基苯甲酸；并对此方法进行了优化实验，找到了合成邻硝基对甲砜基苯甲酸最佳工艺条件，得到含量为≥98．0%的产品，收率≥80．0%。     

对羟基苯甲腈的合成研究

本文报道了对羟基苯甲酸在氨基磺酸存在下，在溶剂中同尿素反应生成对羟基苯甲腈的新的合成方法，并对影响产率的因素进行了讨论。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。