活性炭对鱼蛋白水解液脱色效果的探究

以粉末状活性炭作为脱色剂，以鱼蛋白水解液在不同条件下（活性炭用量、ＰＨ、温度和时间）进行脱色比较。结果表明：２％的活性炭用量，ＰＨ３．０，温度２０℃，时间１ｈ，鱼蛋白水解液脱色效果明显，氨基酸的损失率仅为３．５％￣５．０％。     

大豆低聚糖活性炭脱色试验

以低温脱脂豆粕粉为原料，用50％乙醇作提取溶剂，提取豆粕粉中的低聚糖成分。以活性炭为脱色剂，进行脱色试验，试验结果表明：脱色的最佳工艺条件为活性炭用量1．5％，脱色温度60℃，pH值3．5，脱色时间60min，脱色率为30．92％。     

豆渣膳食纤维脱色工艺研究

研究了脱色剂用量、脱色时间、脱色温度、pH值等因素对豆渣膳食纤维脱色效果的影响，得出其影响的主次顺序是：脱色剂用量〉pH值〉脱色温度〉脱色时间〉料水比。并确定了豆渣膳食纤维脱色的最适条件为：料水比为1：5，脱色荆用量为3mol／100g干豆渣，pH值为10，脱色温度为80℃，脱色时间3．5h。经过此方法脱色的豆渣膳食纤维的白度值达到88以上，并显著改善了豆渣膳食纤维的质量，使其持水力提高了1．7倍，溶胀性提高了1．9倍。     

正交试验优化杏酱酶解液脱色工艺

以脱色率和酸损失率为指标,比较8种脱色剂对新疆杏酱酶解液的脱色效果,筛选出较好的脱色剂为粉末活性炭。通过单因素试验考察活性炭用量、温度、时间对脱色效果的影响,并通过正交试验对该条件进一步优化,得出最佳脱色工艺条件为活性炭用量1.2g/100mL、脱色温度70℃、脱色时间60min。在此条件下,杏酱酶解液脱色率为93.01%,酸损失率为5.89%。     

低聚乳果糖的初步提纯

采用粉末状活性炭对低聚乳果糖酶反应液进行脱色，研究了活性炭用量、脱色温度和脱色时间对低聚乳果糖反应液脱色的情况，实验结果表明：当活性炭用量为3％，温度60℃，吸附时间45min，低聚乳果糖反应液的脱色效果明显，低聚乳果糖的损失率仅为3．33％。     

双液相萃取棉籽油制备生物柴油副产物甘油的精制

分析了双液相萃取棉籽油碱催化法制备生物柴油副产物甘油液的主要成分,对甘油精制过程中稀释剂的选择、稀释剂用量、溶液pH值、脱色剂用量及脱色温度对甘油回收率的影响进行了研究。筛选得到较佳的分离条件：稀释剂甲醇／甘油液的质量比为10％、用40％硫酸调节pH值在4～5、脱色剂凹凸棒用量／半精制甘油质量比为3％、脱色温度为80℃。在上述条件下得到的甘油溶液以一定流速经过非极性大孔吸附树脂与阴阳混和树脂,再减压蒸馏去除其中的水分。得甘油回收率为67．2％,甘油纯度达到99．5％。     

大豆磷脂的脱色及其对磷脂质量的影响

用物理吸附剂和化学氧化剂对大豆磷脂中有色物质的去除效果进行实验比较，探讨了脱色剂用量、温度、时间对脱色效果的影响以及脱色对磷脂质量带来的影响。实验证实，所用脱色剂均有效果，其中H2O2的脱色效果最好。H2O2加入量为4％，温度75℃，时间50min时脱色效果最佳。     

菊芋中提取菊粉的纯化工艺研究

采用石灰乳-磷酸法除杂和脱色剂脱色,对菊芋菊粉粗提液进行纯化研究。结果表明:石灰乳-磷酸法对菊粉粗提液除杂的最佳工艺条件为:pH12.0,温度60℃,时间10min,在此最佳条件下体系的透光率从46.5%上升到87.3%;比较几种脱色剂的脱色效果,活性炭的脱色效果最好;当活性炭用量为0.7g/100mL(除杂液),脱色温度80℃,脱色时间30min,透光率高达96.7%;当活性炭用量为0.3g/100mL(除杂液),脱色温度40℃,脱色时间10min,菊粉损失率仅为4.05%。     

菜籽油复合脱色剂脱色工艺优化及其品质分析

运用紫外可见光分光光度计对油脂进行全波长扫描后,确定油脂脱色率测定波长。以537和612 nm波长下脱色率为指标,分别研究复合脱色剂脱色工艺中的脱色剂用量、脱色剂配比、脱色温度、脱色时间和搅拌速率5个单因素对脱色效果的影响,在单因素基础上,选取脱色剂用量、脱色温度和脱色时间,进行三因素三水平响应面法进行试验优化,并进行方差分析和模型拟合,在脱色剂用量3.4%、脱色温度100℃、脱色时间27 min时,脱色油复合脱色率达97.02%。对脱色油的基本理化指标进行测定后,分析可知,复合脱色剂脱色油酸价和磷含量明显低于活性白土脱色油,而前者维生素E含量、甾醇含量、脱色率和色泽等指标则高于后者,且后者油脂品质可达到国标一级菜籽油水平。     

硅藻土对米渣蛋白脱色工艺的研究

以生产淀粉糖的副产品米渣为原料,采用蛋白酶对其进行酶解,以硅藻土为脱色剂,研究了硅藻土对米渣蛋白酶解液的脱色工艺优化。在单因素试验的基础上采用L9(34)正交试验设计,考察硅藻土的用量、脱色温度、脱色时间、脱色p H对脱色效果的影响。结果表明,在硅藻土的用量1.6 g、脱色温度60℃、脱色时间25 min、脱色p H 6.0的条件下,脱色率为81.8%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the