PP/EPDM/滑石粉微孔发泡复合材料的制备和性能

通过微发泡注射成型方法制备PP/EPDM(三元乙丙橡胶)/滑石粉复合材料制品,并研究滑石粉的含量对PP/EPDM/滑石粉微孔发泡复合材料的微观形态和力学性能的影响。结果表明:添加适量滑石粉的PP/EPDM/滑石粉复合材料的发泡效果优于仅添加单一的EPDM的PP/EPDM复合材料的发泡效果,而且当PP/EPDM/滑石粉的质量比为79/21/4时,微孔制品的微观形态最好;且此比例的PP/EPDM/滑石粉微孔发泡制品与未添加滑石粉的PP/EPDM微孔发泡复合材料制品相比,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度分别提高了2%、6%、4%。     

PP/GF/EPDM微发泡复合材料制备及性能研究

通过微发泡注塑成型制备了聚丙烯/玻纤/三元乙丙橡胶(PP/GF/EPDM)复合材料,并研究了EPDM对微孔发泡PP/GF/EPDM复合材料微观形态和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着EPDM用量的增加,泡孔直径呈先变小后变大、泡孔密度呈先变大后变小的趋势;当EPDM用量为15%时,微发泡制品的微观形态最好。同时,随着EPDM用量的增加,微发泡制品的拉伸强度有所降低,而冲击强度有所提高,且拉伸强度和冲击强度下降比值均呈先减小后增大的趋势;当EPDM用量为15%时,强度下降比值最小。此时PP/GF/EPDM微发泡制品的综合性能最好,其多项性能指标优于纯PP微发泡制品,达到了增强增韧的预期目的。     

共混复合方式对PP/PP-g-MAH/MMT纳米复合微孔发泡材料力学性能及发泡质量的影响

采用双螺杆熔融共混法,以5种不同的共混复合方式制备聚丙烯/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯/蒙脱土(PP/PP-g-MAH/MMT)纳米复合材料母粒.用化学发泡法注塑成型制备PP/PP-g-MAH/MMT纳米复合微孔发泡材料.探讨了不同共混复合方式对微孔发泡材料力学性能及发泡质量的影响.结果表明:不同的共混复合方式对纳米复合微孔发泡材料的力学性能和发泡质量均有影响.其中先将MMT和PP-g-MAH熔融共混,再与PP熔融共混制备的复合材料进行微孔发泡,其力学性能最优,发泡质量最好.     

EPDM/PP/IFR/Nano-ZnO阻燃复合材料的制备及其性能研究

将纳米氧化锌(nano-ZnO)作为协效改性剂与膨胀阻燃剂(IFR)复配,制成IFR/nano-ZnO复合阻燃剂,并将其用于三元乙丙橡胶/聚丙烯(EPDM/PP)复合材料的阻燃。研究了nano-ZnO用量对该EPDM/PP/IFR/nano-ZnO阻燃复合材料的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:EPDM/PP/IFR/nano-ZnO阻燃复合材料具有优良的阻燃性能,且材料的力学性能明显改善;另外,当nano-ZnO用量为2%时,该阻燃复合材料的综合性能最佳。     

云母粉对聚丙烯微孔发泡行为和力学性能的影响

将云母粉加入到聚丙烯(PP)中,在二次开模条件下制备微孔发泡PP/云母粉复合材料,分析了不同含量的云母粉对微孔发泡复合材料发泡行为及力学性能的影响。结果表明,当云母粉质量分数为6%时微孔发泡复合材料的泡孔尺寸最小,泡孔密度最大;随着云母粉加入量的增大微孔发泡复合材料的缺口冲击强度略有降低,拉伸强度基本保持不变。     

微发泡PP/GF复合材料力学性能研究

采用化学发泡注塑成型的方法制备了微发泡聚丙烯/玻璃纤维(PP/GF)复合材料;结合成核理论和玻纤增强机理,研究了发泡质量对微发泡PP/GF复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:在PP/GF复合材料中添加5.0%纳米SiO2后,纳米SiO2对PP与GF的相容性并无太大影响,微孔发泡PP/GF复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度得到较大提高。     

PP/核桃壳粉复合材料的制备与性能研究

以核桃壳粉(WSP)为填料,采用熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/WSP复合材料。研究了聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)界面相容剂、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)弹性体等对PP/WSP复合材料力学性能和热稳定性的影响。结果表明:PP-g-MAH界面相容剂能够改善WSP与PP的界面相容性,增强界面黏结强度,提高复合材料的力学性能,添加7%的PP-g-MAH可以使WSP用量为50%的PP/WSP复合材料的拉伸强度提高49.5%,弯曲强度提高52.9%;而添加EPDM弹性体的PP/WSP复合材料的韧性显著改善。WSP对聚合物基体的热稳定性有一定促进作用。     

云母粉对注塑发泡PP/EPDM共混物泡孔结构和力学性能的改善

采用注塑发泡方法制备了质量比为75/25的聚丙烯/三元乙丙橡胶(PP/EPDM)共混物和质量比为75/25/7.5的PP/EPDM/云母粉复合材料制品,分析了两种制品泡孔结构和结晶性能的差异及其对制品力学性能的影响。结果表明:与共混物发泡制品相比,复合材料发泡制品的拉伸屈服强度、拉伸断裂强度、断裂伸长率和无缺口冲击强度分别提高约5%、48%、206%和22%,并呈现应变硬化现象。复合材料发泡制品的泡孔直径明显较小且分布较均匀,泡孔密度明显较大,结晶度较高,这些是使复合材料发泡制品具有较高力学性能的主要原因。     

PP/HDPE/EPDM复合体系微孔发泡实验

聚丙烯(PP)是结晶性聚合物,熔体强度低,发泡性能差.为了提高PP的微孔发泡性能,首先将PP和聚乙烯(PE)共混,然后在PP/PE共混体系中加入少量EPDM,研究EPDM的质量含量对PP/PE共混体系熔体强度和最终泡孔结构的影响.分析机理,寻找能够提高PP熔体强度和改善发泡性能的材料.     

SiO2粒径对PP发泡行为和力学性能的影响

通过把改性过的不同粒径SiO2以不同用量加入到聚丙烯(PP)中,制备PP/SiO2复合材料母粒,在二次开模条件下制备微发泡PP/SiO2复合材料.通过对不同粒径的SiO2粒子对PP纳米复合材料发泡行为的影响研究,讨论了超细SiO2在聚合物微孔发泡中的作用机理,分析了超细SiO2对PP的力学性能及泡孔结构的影响规律.结果表明,不同粒径的SiO2粒子的加入都能够显著降低PP的泡孔直径和增加泡孔密度;SiO2粒子使PP的缺口冲击强度升高,发泡材料的拉伸强度低于未发泡材料的拉伸强度.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.