任务分配与调度的共同进化方法

并行与分布式计算环境中随着独立任务的增多,传统进化类单种群的任务分配与调度算法的效率与效力随之大为降低,该文在分析传统解完整编码单种群进化类算法的基础上,基于生物界多物种间共同进化的机制提出了任务分配与调度的合作式共同进化计算模型,并探讨了任务分配与调度问题中的子种群合作方式与个体的适应值计算方法。此外,从数学上分析了基于合作式共同进化的任务分配与调度算法的性能,指出共同进化调度方法中好的调度方案能以高于传统单种群进化算法的递增指数递增。仿真分析证实了算法的理论分析结果,算法具有实际工程价值。     

多空间协同进化的自然计算方法

在自然计算方法中,种群规模大,计算复杂度高;种群规模小,容易陷入局部最优.本文提出多空间协同进化(Multispace Coevolution,简称MSC)的自然计算方法,该方法适用于各种基于种群进化的优化算法,不依赖于算法进化的具体步骤,具有普适性.在传统的生物种群进化的基础上,将大种群分解为个数有限的小种群,部分小种群组成进化空间,另一部分构成指导空间,两个空间拥有不同的功能,指导空间通过特定的信息传递方式将经验概括信息传递到进化空间,从而使整个种群协同进化.将该策略分别应用到粒子群优化算法(PSO)和遗传算法(GA)中,并与标准粒子群算法、遗传算法以及目前主流的针对大规模问题进行优化的7个算法对比,在高维测试函数中,结果表明,寻优性能方面新的种群进化算法相比其他算法提高80%左右,具有普适性.     

基于灰支持向量回归机预测适应值的交互式集合进化计算

个体适应值的高精度预测和高效的进化策略对于提高进化优化算法性能至关重要.针对现有大规模种群交互式进化计算个体适应值估计误差较大以及传统进化策略搜索效率较低的问题,提出一种基于灰支持向量回归机的个体适应值预测方法和大规模种群集合进化策略.建立基于灰支持向量回归机的适应值预测模型,给出4种集合进化个体比较测度,同时提出新的集合进化个体自适应交叉和变异概率.基于上述策略,采用NSGA-II范式设计一种交互式集合进化优化算法.将该算法应用于RGB颜色One-max优化问题,以表明所提出个体适应值预测方法和集合进化策略的有效性.     

多样性指导进化算法及其在机器人路径规划中的应用

通过分析及结合机器人路径规划的进化编程仿真实验发现，保存最优个体或淘汰最差个体都会引起进化算法早熟现象，而种群多样性无疑在进化算法中扮演着关键角色。虽然多样性已经用于分析算法中，但是很少用于指导搜索。多样性指导进化算法使用了众所周知的到平均点距离法使变异期与杂交期交替出现。多样性指导进化算法在机器人路径规划问题中展现出显著的结果，与用适应值比较的简单进化算法有着重大的区别。     

共同进化遗传算法在临床营养决策中的应用

将共同进化遗传算法应用于临床营养决策优化中,采用合作式的共同进化算法,把临床营养决策问题分为两个种群,再结合成一个完整的膳食配方.对结核病营养治疗的仿真表明,该算法可以较大缩短求解时间,并避免早熟现象.     

差分进化算法参数控制与适应策略综述

差分进化算法逐渐成为进化计算领域最流行的随机搜索算法之一,已被成功用于求解各类应用问题.差分进化算法参数设置与其性能密切相关,因此算法参数控制与适应策略设计是目前该领域的研究热点之一,目前已涌现出大量参数控制方案,但尚缺乏系统性的综述与分析.首先简要介绍差分进化算法的基本原理与操作,然后将目前参数控制与适应策略分成基于经验的参数控制、参数随机化适应策略、基于统计学习的参数随机化适应策略和参数自适应策略4类进行系统性综述,重点介绍其中的参数适应与自适应策略.此外,为分析各种参数控制与适应策略的功效,以实值函数优化为问题背景设计了相关实验,进一步分析各种策略的效率与实用性,实验结果表明,参数自适应控制策略是目前该领域最有效的方法之一.     

用Coop＆compEA解决三维装箱问题

三维装箱问题是一类典型的NP-complete问题。该文通过一种新协同进化算法Coop&compEA与一组启发式规则相结合,给出一类典型装箱问题的求解策略。在该求解策略中,利用Coop&compEA算法将种群层的竞争通过反馈引入个体层的合作进化过程,既优化了合作进化的求解质量,又融入了竞争带来的快速收敛效果;此外补充了更加恰当的装箱启发规则。实验结果显示,这样的求解策略无论是进化速度还是求解效果都优于之前的传统GA方法和CCGA方法。     

复杂动力学模型参数优化问题的协同进化算法

复杂反应动力学建模中,系统参数的优化是需要解决的关键问题之一.该类优化问题具有多参数、非线性以及参数相关性强等特点.协同进化算法将多种群之间的协同作用以及种群内部的独立进化相结合,适合于求解该类问题.将改进的协同进化算法应用到化工氧化反应建模过程的系统参数优化问题中,避免了解决该类问题的传统优化算法中易陷入局部极值以及初值依赖性强的缺点,运用理论证明了该算法的有效性.测试结果表明,协同进化算法对于求解该类复杂参数优化问题是有效的.     

广义模糊模型的协同进化方法研究

在系统分析不同类型模糊模型的统一性描述及其待学习参数的特征分类基础上,提出了基于协作共同进化的广义模糊模型（COOPCE—GFM）,论述了所涉及的相关问题,包括种群的编码及其不同的进化计算、各种群个体的合作及其适应值评估策略、模型的后件参数估计方法．COOPCE-GFM采用的两种群兆同进化以及灵活的二维和分层树状结构编码方式决定了其可学习各类模糊模型．该方法的另一个特点是对对象的先验知识要求少,文中分别用函数近似和分类问题为例说明其有效性．     

求解0—1背包问题的共同进化遗传算法

0-1背包问题是一类组合优化问题,迄今已有40多年的研究历史,可广泛应用于碎片收集、作业调度、资金预算和货物装箱等领域。0-1背包问题是一类NP问题,所以传统方法如持续松弛法、分枝-界限法、动态规划法和一些近似算法等等,一般仅能获得问题的近似最优解。近年来,不少学者将稳健的遗传算法应用于0-1背包问题的求解,在问题求解质量方面收到了较好的效果。但是,由于传统的单种群遗传算法中一个染色体编码结构代表了问题的一个完整可行解,因此可能导致对解的较好部分的利用可能被其它较差的部分所掩盖,且问题求解效率随着问题规模的增大而下降。针对上述不足,本文基于合作式共同进化计算模型,将共同进化计算用于求解,提出一种求解0-1背包问题的共同进化遗传算法,以进一步提高问题的求解质量和算法效率。     

An Endosymbiotic Evolutionary Algorithm for Optimization

This paper proposes a new symbiotic evolutionary algorithm to solve complex optimization problems. This algorithm imitates the natural evolution process of endosymbionts, which is called endosymbiotic evolutionary algorithm. Existing symbiotic algorithms take the strategy that the evolution of symbionts is separated from the host. In the natural world, prokaryotic cells that are originally independent organisms are combined into an eukaryotic cell. The basic idea of the proposed algorithm is the incorporation of the evolution of the eukaryotic cells into the existing symbiotic algorithms. In the proposed algorithm, the formation and evolution of the endosymbionts is based on fitness, as it can increase the adaptability of the individuals and the search efficiency. In addition, a localized coevolutionary strategy is employed to maintain the population diversity. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is a promising approach to solving complex problems that are composed of multiple sub- problems interrelated with each other.     

双精英协同进化遗传算法

针对传统遗传算法早熟收敛和收敛速度慢的问题,提出一种双精英协同进化遗传算法(double elite coevolutionary genetic algorithm,简称DECGA).该算法借鉴了精英策略和协同进化的思想,选择两个相异的、高适应度的个体(精英个体)作为进化操作的核心,两个精英个体分别按照不同的评价函数来选择个体,组成各自的进化子种群.两个子种群分别采用不同的进化策略,以平衡算法的勘探和搜索能力.理论分析证明,该算法具有全局收敛性.通过对测试函数的实验,其结果表明,该算法能搜索到几乎所有测试函数的最优解,同时能够有效地保持种群的多样性.与已有算法相比,该算法在收敛速度和搜索全局最优解上都有了较大的改进和提高.     

Exploring Coevolutionary Relations by Alterations in Fitness Function: Experiments with Simulated Robots

This paper focuses on various coevolutionary robotic experiments where all parameters except for the fitness function remain the same. Initially an attempt to categorize coevolutionary experiments is made and subsequently three experiments of competitive coevolution (hunt, battle and mating) are presented. The experiment concerning implicit competition of two species (mating) is given special attention as it shows emergence of compromise and collaboration through a competitive environment. The co-evolution progress monitoring is evaluated through fitness graphs, CIAO and Hamming maps and the results are interpreted for each experimental setup. The paper concludes that despite the alteration of fitness functions, several evasion–pursuit elements emerge. Furthermore, conciliatory strategies can emerge in implicit competitional cases.     

解决高维优化问题的差分进化算法

针对高维优化问题难以解决并且优化耗费时间长的问题,提出了一种解决高维优化问题的差分进化算法。将协同进化思想引入到差分进化领域,采用一种由状态观测器和随机分组策略组成的协同进化方案。其中,状态观测器根据搜索状态反馈信息适时地调用随机分组策略重新分组;随机分组策略将高维优化问题分解为若干较低维的子问题,而后分别进化。该方案有效地增强了算法解决高维优化问题的搜索速度和搜索能力。经典型的实例测试,并与其他一流差分进化算法比较,实验结果表明:所提算法能有效地求解不同类型的高维优化问题,在搜索速度方面有明显提升,尤其对可分解的高维优化问题极具竞争力。     

Coevolutionary augmented Lagrangian methods for constrainedoptimization

This paper introduces a coevolutionary method developed for solving constrained optimization problems. This algorithm is based on the evolution of two populations with opposite objectives to solve saddle-point problems. The augmented Lagrangian approach is taken to transform a constrained optimization problem to a zero-sum game with the saddle point solution. The populations of the parameter vector and the multiplier vector approximate the zero-sum game by a static matrix game, in which the fitness of individuals is determined according to the security strategy of each population group. Selection, recombination, and mutation are done by using the evolutionary mechanism of conventional evolutionary algorithms such as evolution strategies, evolutionary programming, and genetic algorithms. Four benchmark problems are solved to demonstrate that the proposed coevolutionary method provides consistent solutions with better numerical accuracy than other evolutionary methods     

Target shape design optimization by evolving B-splines with cooperative coevolution

With high reputation in handling non-linear and multi-model problems with little prior knowledge, evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have successfully been applied to design optimization problems as robust optimizers. Since real-world design optimization is often computationally expensive, target shape design optimization problems (TSDOPs) have been frequently used as efficient miniature model to check algorithmic performance for general shape design. There are at least three important issues in developing EAs for TSDOPs, i.e., design representation, fitness evaluation and evolution paradigm. Existing work has mainly focused on the first two issues, in which (1) an adaptive encoding scheme with B-spline has been proposed as a representation, and (2) a symmetric Hausdorff distance based metric has been used as a fitness function. But for the third issue, off-the-shelf EAs were used directly to evolve B-spline control points and/or knot vector. In this paper, we first demonstrate why it is unreasonable to evolve the control points and knot vector simultaneously. And then a new coevolutionary paradigm is proposed to evolve the control points and knot vector of B-spline separately in a cooperative manner. In the new paradigm, an initial population is generated for both the control points, and the knot vector. The two populations are evolved mostly separately in a round-robin fashion, with only cooperation at the fitness evaluation phase. The new paradigm has at least two significant advantages over conventional EAs. Firstly, it provides a platform to evolve both the control points and knot vector reasonably. Secondly, it reduces the difficulty of TSDOPs by decomposing the objective vector into two smaller subcomponents (i.e., control points and knot vector). To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed coevolutionary paradigm, an algorithm named CMA-ES-CC was formulated. Experimental studies were conducted based on two target shapes. The comparison with six other EAs suggests that the proposed cooperative coevolution paradigm is very effective for TSDOPs.     

Solution of multiobjective optimization problems: coevolutionary algorithm based on evolutionary game theory

When attempting to solve multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs) using evolutionary algorithms, the Pareto genetic algorithm (GA) has now become a standard of sorts. After its introduction, this approach was further developed and led to many applications. All of these approaches are based on Pareto ranking and use the fitness sharing function to keep diversity. On the other hand, the scheme for solving MOPs presented by Nash introduced the notion of Nash equilibrium and aimed at solving MOPs that originated from evolutionary game theory and economics. Since the concept of Nash Equilibrium was introduced, game theorists have attempted to formalize aspects of the evolutionary equilibrium. Nash genetic algorithm (Nash GA) is the idea to bring together genetic algorithms and Nash strategy. The aim of this algorithm is to find the Nash equilibrium through the genetic process. Another central achievement of evolutionary game theory is the introduction of a method by which agents can play optimal strategies in the absence of rationality. Through the process of Darwinian selection, a population of agents can evolve to an evolutionary stable strategy (ESS). In this article, we find the ESS as a solution of MOPs using a coevolutionary algorithm based on evolutionary game theory. By applying newly designed coevolutionary algorithms to several MOPs, we can confirm that evolutionary game theory can be embodied by the coevolutionary algorithm and this coevolutionary algorithm can find optimal equilibrium points as solutions for an MOP. We also show the optimization performance of the co-evolutionary algorithm based on evolutionary game theory by applying this model to several MOPs and comparing the solutions with those of previous evolutionary optimization models. This work was presented, in part, at the 8th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 24#x2013;26, 2003.     

邻域规模对共生进化算法搜索性能的影响

共生进化算法求解复杂组合问题时表现了良好的性能,其选择邻域实现局部进化。对于复杂的的柔性作业调度组合问题,作业调度结果的好坏首先依赖流程设计的质量。以共生进化算法求解复杂柔性作业调度为例,测试不同邻域规模对共生进化算法搜索性能的影响。仿真结果表明,局部进化邻域规模的大小对共生进化算法在平均求解质量及对最优解的逼近能力两个方面均没有显著影响,过大的局部进化邻域会增加算法中排序操作计算量。     

复杂模糊分类系统的协同进化设计方法

提出一种基于协同进化算法的复杂模糊分类系统的设计方法．该方法由以下3步组成:1)利用Simba算法进行特征变量选择;2)采用模糊聚类算法辨识初始的模糊模型;3)利用协同进化算法对所获得的初始模糊模型进行结构和参数的优化．协同进化算法由三类种群组成;规则数种群,规则前件种群和隶属函数种群;其适应度函数同时考虑模型的精确性和解释性,采用三类种群合作计算的策略．利用该方法对多个典型问题进行分类,仿真结果验证了方法的有效性．