藏北高原紫外辐射的变化特征

对藏北高原五道梁站及其邻的地区以及一些平均地区站点的太阳此外辐射观测资料进行了分析，并与青藏高原其它地区的观测结果进行对比，讨论了紫外辐射的变化特性及其影响因子。结果表明：１）紫外辐射的基本变化主要受天文因子的影响，其一般变化特征与总辐射有良好的对应关系。２）紫外辐射受大气臭氧含量的影响，其在太阳总辐射中占比例的变化是由大气臭氧含量南北不同的空间分布季节变化造成的。３）紫外辐射受测站海拔高度的影响     

藏北高原典型草甸下垫面与HEIFE沙漠区辐射平衡气候学特征对比分析

利用中日合作“全球能量与水分平衡试验一青藏高原季风试验(GAME—Tibet)”和中日合作“黑河地区地一气相互作用野外观测实验研究(HEIFE)”IOP、FOP资料,计算分析了藏北高原典型草甸下垫面安多站和HEIFE沙漠站的辐射平衡各相关特征量时频变化的气候学特征。结果表明：无论是高原安多站还是黑河沙漠站,夏季均出现超太阳常数现象(只是安多更为明显);总辐射、大气逆辐射、地表长波辐射、地表有效辐射和地表辐射平衡等的日变化(晴天)无论是安多站还是沙漠站均表现为早晚出现最小值而正午附近(地方时)达到最大值,而地表反照率的日变化(晴天)相反表现为早晚大而正午附近小的规律;上述各分量均表现有程度不等的季节变化规律：总辐射、大气逆辐射、地表长波辐射和地表辐射平衡均表现为夏半年增大达到最大值百而冬半年降低量出现最小值;另外,大气长波辐射、地表有效辐射和地表反照率在沙漠站的年际变化的振幅较安多站更为显著和有规律。     

北京地区太阳紫外辐射的基本特征

1990年1月至1991年3月在中国科学院大气物理研究所香河观测站(北京东南70公里处)利用国产TBQ-4型分光辐射表及配套的智能辐射记录仪，对近地面太阳紫外辐射进行了观测，得到此间北京地区近地面太阳紫外辐射及其占太阳总辐射比例的变化特征，并分析了差异的原因。给出了1990年1月至1091年3月太阳紫外辐射的极值及对应的紫外辐射占总辐射的比例，后者同太阳总辐射存在反相关。     

晴天地面太阳紫外总辐射的观测结果和统计计算方法

利用１９９０年至１９９１年２４个月北京地区的太阳分光辐射观测资料和常规气象观测资料，分析了晴天条件下地面太阳紫外总辐射的变化规律，给出了用于计算晴天条件下到达地面的太阳紫外总辐射的两种公式，并计算了因臭氧总量减少引起地面太阳紫外总辐射增加的百分率。     

华北平原北部太阳辐射及地表辐射平衡特征——基于河北固城站的试验观测研究

利用位于河北定兴县的中国气象局固城生态与农业试验站2005年7月～2007年2月期间观测的太阳辐射各分量的资料,详细分析了该站太阳辐射及地表反射的基本特征.分别对到达地表的太阳总辐射、地面反射短波辐射、地表反射率、净辐射、光合有效辐射和紫外辐射(UV-B)的日、年变化特征进行了分析,揭示了该地区的辐射平衡特征.同时分析并给出了光合有效辐射和紫外UV-B辐射占太阳总辐射比值的变化规律.     

漠河日食期间太阳分光辐射的观测及分析

通过对漠河地区１９９７年３月９日日食过程太阳分光辐射和总辐射观测资料的分析，表明在日食过程中，紫外辐射、可见光辐射、红外辐射与总辐射的变化规律基本上一致，紫外辐射、可见光辐射、红外辐射与总辐射辐照度的亏损以及亏损的百分率都随着食分的增大而增加，至食甚时达到最大。日食过程中，紫外辐射、可见光辐射、红外辐射和总辐射能量亏损值分别为０．０９、０．５５、０．７２、１．２８ＭＪ／ｍ２。日食过程中，紫外辐射、可见光辐射、红外辐射与总辐射之间仍存在很好的相关关系。     

金塔绿洲不同下垫面辐射特征对比分析

利用2005年在甘肃省金塔绿洲开展的“绿洲系统能量与水分循环过程观测试验”所取得的资料,系统的分析了夏季晴天金塔地区不同下垫面的辐射收支特征,结果表明:地表反照率呈“U”型分布,戈壁的最大,日平均为0.23,依次为沙漠点0.2、绿洲点0.19、临近沙漠的绿洲点0.18。4个观测站的太阳总辐射基本相近,在观测期内未出现超太阳常数的现象。向下和反射的短波辐射具有相同的日变化规律。4站大气逆辐射全天约在300~400W/m2之间。绿洲的地面向上的长波辐射强度小,日变化也不明显,白天略大于夜间;戈壁和沙漠的向上长波辐射强度较大,日变化较明显,其峰值远大于绿洲和临近沙漠的绿洲上的。绿州地表放射的净长波辐射与短波吸收辐射之比分别为25%和33%,远小于沙漠和戈壁地区的比值57%、60%,仅为沙漠和戈壁地区的比值的50%左右。在辐射平衡中地表长波贡献最大,大气逆辐射次之,总辐射第三,净辐射第四,反射辐射最小。绿洲上的净辐射可达总辐射的一半以上,而戈壁和沙漠上则仅略大于30%。     

广州地区太阳紫外总辐射的统计计算方法

利用广州地区太阳辐射和气象观测资料，采用相关分析方法获得了到达地面太阳紫外辐射的计算公式，计算值与观测值吻合得较好。用同一方法对北京地区到达地面的太阳紫外总辐射也进行了计算，结果比较满意。     

太阳紫外线辐射预测计算模型研究

地表紫外辐射强度计算的准确与否,直接关系到紫外辐射指数（UVI）预报的准确性。其计算方法受到气象部门的特别重视,采用简化大气辐射计算模式,离散坐标（DISORT,discrete-coordinate-method)辐射传输算法、气候学经验模式及观测的方法研究了南京地区紫外辐射量的变化。计算与观测的比较显示,简化模式、DISORT及气候学方法的计算值与观测结果具有较好的一致性。表明三种模型都具有一定的可靠性。     

藏北高原太阳辐射能收支的季节变化

利用藏北高原五道梁所获取的一年地面辐射观测资料，计算分析了该地区２６个睛天个例的辐射收支特征。结果表明，该地区大气透明度高，太阳直接辐射和总辐射强，太阳总辐射３月的增和１０月的锐减造成地面加热场强度的突变，影响高原行星边界层内平均气系统的季节性能转换，地表反射率的季节变化明显，夏季地表反射率为０．１９－０．２５，冬季则高达０．３０－０．３４；太阳紫外总辐射较平原地区强，夏半年紫外总辐射与太阳总辐射     

ON THE QUASI-CONSTANCY OF SOME SPECTRAL RADIATION PARAMETERS IN AKURE (NIGERIA)

Series of photometric measurements were made at Akure (Lat. 07N; Long. 0SE) over a three-year period to determine the ratio η of the solar energy in the wavelength range 0.40-0.70 μm to the global solar radiation (G), and δ the ratio of the diffuse solar radiation (D) to G η was observed to be sensitive to the rate of cloud cover when more than 75% of the sky was covered. The difference between η for clear and cloudy (≤50% cloud cover) atmospheric conditions was 12.5%. The difference rose to about 20.8% at more than 75% cloud cover. Both the diurnal and seasonal variations of η were small, A mean value of 0.47 ± 0.03 is therefore proposed for the inland station of Akure when no more than 75% of the sky is covered. On the other hand the ratio δ5 showed more pronounced sensitivity to cloud cover. Also δ exhibited more pronounced diurnal and seasonal variations. A modal value of 0.59 is suggested for the proportion of D in G. Our data suggested no correlation between the two spectral ratios.     

福建省太阳总辐射和地面辐射平衡的分布

首先利用福州市的辐射观测资料，建立计算太阳总辐射的经验公式，并计算福建省各市、县的太阳总辐射的年、月平均辐照度。然后利用地区代表站的地面反射率，求得福建省各月、年地面所吸收的太阳辐射能的分布。再利用地面温度、气温、水汽压和总云量，计算得出福建省各地的地面有效辐射的月、年平均辐照度。最后得出福建省各月、年地面辐射平衡的分布。     

A study of ultraviolet solar radiation at Cairo urban area, Egypt

The monthly mean values of global, G, and ultraviolet, UV, solar radiation incident on a horizontal surface at Cairo urban area during the two different periods (1969–1973) and (1993–1997) are presented, analyzed and compared. The effect of urbanization processes on the solar radiation components is investigated and discussed. It was found that the total radiation of the two components, G and UV received at the urban area of Cairo during the period (1969–1973) highly exceeds the radiation received during the period (1993–1997) for all months of the year. The mean relative reduction of G and UV reached 17.4% and 27.4% respectively. A significant correlation between G and UV radiation has been established and the recommended correlation equation has been stated to estimate the values of UV radiation that are difficult to measure at any site in the zone of Lower Egypt. Also, a comparative study of the two radiation components, G and UV, at urban (Cairo) and rural (Bahtim) areas during the period (1993–1997) revealed that the urban area always has values of G and UV radiation distinctly lower than that found in rural area for all months of the year. Urban–rural mean reduction of G and UV reached 7.0% and 17.9% respectively. The ratio of the ultraviolet to global radiation (UV/G) are calculated and compared with other sites in the Arabian Peninsula. The effect of atmospheric dust on the measured solar radiation components is also investigated and discussed.     

Evaluation of a cloud cover based model for estimation of hourly global solar radiation in Western Canada

Cloud cover based solar radiation models are relatively simple and convenient as the models require the input of cloud cover data which are mostly available from the meteorological stations. In this study, the performance of a cloud cover based solar radiation model (Kasten–Czeplak model) with original or locally fitted coefficients was evaluated for estimating the hourly global solar radiation for four different locations in Western Canada. The average value of R², mean bias error, and root mean square error are 0.69, ?61.6, and 157.9?W?m^?2, respectively, for the model with original coefficients, whereas 0.82, 4.4, 107.1?W?m^?2 with locally fitted coefficients. Results show that the Kasten–Czeplak model with locally fitted coefficients satisfactorily estimated the hourly solar radiation of four different locations in Western Canada. Also, the results indicate that the model with original coefficients has very limited accuracy under intermediate cloud cover conditions.     

The effect of cloud layer plane albedo on global and diffuse insolation

The effect of the cloud layer plane albedo is overlooked in correlations of diffuse and global components of insolation. We calculate diffuse and global insolation for cloud-free conditions. These are used in conjunction with observations to determine the effect of the cloud albedo. With this effect removed we then derive relationships for the global and diffuse insolation, as fractions of the cloud-free global radiation, as functions of the average daily cloud cover.     

Periodical analysis of solar irradiation at Kuwait and its climate effects

The solar irradiation in Kuwait had been measured at different (347.5, 450, 550, 650, 700, and 800nm). The data collected during period of time starting first May 1995 to the end of July 1997.The periodical analysis of data indicates that there is a relation between daily variation of solar radiation and climate parameters. The effects of cloud cover sky is appear in all measured spectral regions, but is weak in the Ultraviolet region(315–380nm). The period 6.1-days in the ratio of solar radiation is in good agreement with the measured variation of atmospheric pressure in Kuwait. The irradiation near ultraviolet region show weak irradiation intensity. But in Infrared region (700–800nm) show high irradiation Intensity, compared with the other regions were studied here, and with other places have same latitude(ф).     

太湖地区光合有效辐射(PAR)的基本特征及其气候学计算

光合有效辐射（Photosynthetically Availble Radiation,简称PAR）是植物进行光合作用的重要能量来源。利用太湖湖泊生态系统研究站1998年1－12月一年的气象辐射观测资料，分析了该地区有效辐射以及占太阳总辐射比例的变化特征，并分析了光合有效辐射的极值及对应的光合有效辐射占总辐射的比例和它与云量的的关系，最后提出了适合本地区的光合有效辐射的气候学计算方法。     

基于CERES数据分析中国云对地表太阳辐射影响特征

用于地面光伏发电的太阳辐射资源受到云影响所产生的变化,由于受到观测方式限制而对其特征及关联性探究不足。针对该问题,利用CERES卫星观测时空数据,对2001—2018年中国大陆地区云对地表太阳辐射量影响特征进行分析,利用不同高度云量与云太阳辐射强迫时空分布特点,讨论云影响的太阳辐射差异对光伏出力预计影响,并通过各高度云量趋势变化与云太阳辐射强迫关联关系给出相应太阳辐射资源与光伏出力的趋势变化估计,分析云主导的太阳辐射趋势变化成因,以期为未来新能源资源评估、光伏建设规划和电力优化调度等提供支撑与参考。     

基于SMARTS模式的紫外辐射多参数时空变化及影响因子模拟

为弥补中国紫外辐射实测数据的不足,该文基于SMARTS辐射传输模式计算分析标准大气、无云条件下280～400 nm波段紫外总辐射Eg、315～400 nm波段UVA、280～315 nm波段UVB、紫外指数UVI、红斑有效紫外辐射CIE、立面紫外总辐射等多参数时空变化特征及大气浑浊度、臭氧含量、海拔高度、地表反照率等因...