沼泽红假单胞菌对活性大红废水处理的研究

研究了驯化后的光合细菌N菌株—沼泽红假单胞菌的生长细胞在不同条件下对活性大红的脱色处理效果。结果表明,沼泽红假单胞菌具有较高的细胞活性,并对活性大红具有较强的脱色处理能力。在活性大红浓度为100mg/L时,该菌株生长细胞脱色的最佳条件为:温度30℃,pH值为7,光照厌氧条件下的脱色效率远远高于光照好氧条件下的脱色效率,脱色效率达到80.2%,活性大红作为该菌株唯一的碳源和能源,脱色效率与细胞浓度呈极显著相关,细菌脱色效率保持在较恒定的水平。     

沼泽红假单胞菌在低温下对水中总氮的降解

本文采用亚硝酸盐诱变与温度驯化处理的复合诱变方法,对能够高效降解水中总氮的沼泽红假单胞菌出发菌株进行诱变处理,选育出能一株在低温条件下生长良好、性状稳定,且能够在低温条件下高效降解水中总氮的沼泽红假单胞菌驯化菌株。与出发菌株相比,驯化菌株在15℃时的生长以及总氮降解率均好于出发菌株,其对总氮降解率可达到69.08%,比出发菌株提高了43.49%。     

铝絮凝剂絮凝沼泽红假单胞菌研究

研究了4种不同铝絮凝剂Al2(SO4)3、明矾、AlCl3和聚合氯化铝(PAC)絮凝沉降沼泽红假单胞菌细胞的效果.结果表明,PAC的絮凝性能最好,在0.01 mol·L-1的较低浓度下可以将100%的沼泽红假单胞菌细胞絮凝沉降.进一步研究显示,对于不同铝絮凝剂,在pH值为6～9时,随pH值的降低,沼泽红假单胞菌细胞的絮凝沉降效率逐步提高,其中仍然是PAC的絮凝效果最好.为从培养物中收集沼泽红假单胞菌细胞的产业化生产奠定了重要的基础.     

沼泽红假单胞菌降解TNT废水的研究

本文研究了外加氮源对沼泽红假单胞菌降解TNT的影响,利用4因素3水平L9(43)的正交实验研究了该菌种对TNT废水的降解特性.结果表明:在最佳外加氮源KNO3浓度为0.1g/L时,沼泽红假单胞菌降解TNT的最优组合为:TNT浓度=50mg/L,温度=30℃,pH=7,接种量=108个/ml.     

固定化沼泽红假单胞菌去除Pb2+的研究

对固定化沼泽红假单胞菌与水相中重金属离子Pb^2＋的生物吸附情况进行了研究。主要研究了溶液的pH、不同供氧光照、吸附时间、Pb^2＋初始质量浓度和温度等对生物去除效果的影响。结果表明：在pH为7、厌氧光照、温度35℃、吸附12h和Pb^2＋质量浓度100mg／L条件下，固定化沼泽红假单胞菌对Pb^2＋的去除率可达98%。在实验的浓度范围内固定化沼泽红假单胞菌颗粒对Pb^2＋的吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型和Freundlich吸附模型，并且符合Langmuir吸附模型的程度更优。     

酸性红B降解菌的脱色性能

采用实验室分离筛选的酸性红B降解菌（假单胞菌）对水中酸性红B等偶氮染料进行脱色处理。考察了酸性红B初始浓度、pH、盐浓度、温度等因素对酸性红B脱色效果的影响,对菌株降解酸性红B的条件进行了优化,对该菌的降解广谱性进行了研究。结果表明菌株对酸性红B具有良好的脱色性能。最佳降解条件：盐浓度为30g／L、初始酸性红B浓度为100mg／L、初始pH为5．0、温度为33℃。在最优条件下,菌株对酸性红B的脱色率可达92．85％。该菌能够对水中多种偶氮染料具有良好的降解广谱性。     

沼泽红假单胞菌去除钴的研究

Co~(2+)的大量排放严重影响了人类的身体健康。本文主要研究了在需氧和厌氧条件下,不同浓度的Co~(2+)去除及其对沼泽红假单胞菌生长的影响。结果表明:厌氧条件下更利于菌株对Co~(2+)的去除,即使在120mg/L的溶液中,其去除率也达到了84.9%;厌氧条件下Co~(2+)的去除曲线满足伪二级动力学方程(R~2=0.9519-0.9931);竞争吸附试验表明Ni2+会明显影响沼泽红假单胞菌对Co~(2+)去除率。这为工业上Co~(2+)的去除以及机理研究提供了一定的理论基础。     

海葵附生油脂降解菌的分离鉴定及生长条件优化

采用油脂中性红平板筛选法,从太平洋绿侧花海葵体腔中分离筛选到一株具有油脂降解能力的菌株XZL-13,依据菌株的形态特征、生理生化特性及分子生物学特征对其归属进行了鉴定,并采用分光光度法探究了该菌株的最适生长条件,研究了该菌株在最适生长条件下的生长曲线及以不同油脂作为唯一碳源的生长情况。结果表明,筛选获得的油脂降解菌XZL-13为蒙氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas monteilii);最适生长条件为:初始pH值7.5、初始盐度2.0g·L~(-1)、培养温度25℃,在此条件下培养7h,菌落总数达到最大;油脂降解菌XZL-13在以玉米油、花生油或芝麻油为唯一碳源的培养基中生长情况较好。     

光合菌处理尾叶桉CMP制浆废水的初步研究

本文介绍了用红螺菌科红螺菌属的W－0菌株（Rhodospirillumrudrum）、红假单胞菌属的H菌株和Y菌株（Rhodoseudomonaspalustris沼泽红假单胞菌）及从污水处理厂污泥中分离得到的W-1、W-2和W－3菌株单独处理，以及上述六株光合菌混合处理尾叶桉化学机械浆制浆废水的初步研究。探讨了光照强度、接种量、废水浓度和废水pH值对CODcr去除率的影响。在厌氧光照、微需氧光照及微需氧黑暗三种条件下，研究了不同温度对混合菌株及W-1菌种处理效果的影响，以及用光合菌处理桉木化学机械浆废水过程中，菌体浓度及废水色度的变化。     

沼泽红假单胞菌对Zn^2＋的吸附性能研究

采用沼泽红假单胞菌为生物吸附剂,研究了锌离子初始浓度、pH值、吸附剂用量、菌龄、吸附时间等因素对沼泽红假单胞菌生物吸附模拟废水中锌的影响,探讨了吸附动力学特征。结果表明,沼泽红假单胞菌在Zn2＋初始质量浓度为200 mg/L、吸附剂用量0.5 g/L、菌龄32 h、pH=7、吸附时间80 min的条件下,对Zn2＋的吸附量为88.23 mg/g;其吸附行为可以用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程描述,但更符合Freundlich吸附等温方程。对Zn2＋的吸附过程符合二级动力学特征。     

Anaerobic biodegradation of RDX and HMX with different co-substrates☆

Simulated wastewater of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) was treated under anaerobic conditions with co-substrates such as ammonium chloride, dex-trose, sodium acetic, sodium nitrate and sulfate. The results showed that with nitrogen compounds such as ammonium chloride added as co-substrate, no significant change was observed, indicating that the molar ratio of N/C for RDX and HMX is sufficient for biodegradation. With the addition of dextrose and acetate to the system, biodegradation efficiency was enhanced greatly. For example, with dextrose as the co-substrate, degradation efficiency of 99.1%and 98.5%was achieved for RDX and HMX, respectively, after treatment for 7 days. When so-dium acetic was used as the co-substrate, the enhancement of degradation percentage was similar, but was not as high as that with dextrose, indicating the selectivity of RDX and HMX to co-substrate during anaerobic degrada-tion. With sodium nitrate as the co-substrate, the degradation efficiency of RDX or HMX decreased with the increase of salt concentration. Sodium sulfate has no significant effect on the biodegradation of RDX and HMX. A wel-selected co-substrate should be employed in applications for degradation of RDX and HMX wastewaters.     

Coating of Energetic Materials using Crystallization

A sensitive explosive was coated with a less sensitive explosive in order to improve stability while maintaining explosion performance. In this study the sensitive explosive HMX was coated with the less sensitive explosive NTO (3‐nitro‐1, 2, 4‐triazole‐5‐one) by cooling crystallization. The mechanism of coating by crystallization was determined to be an agglomeration and crystal growth phenomenon. The surface morphology and the growth rate of the coating were investigated under various experimental conditions. The surface morphology was predominantly influenced by the solvent type, HMX/NTO ratio, agitation speed, and degree of sub‐cooling. The growth rate of the HMX coating was increased to a certain extent by increasing the concentration ratio of HMX/NTO, but then began to decrease because of high agglomeration. Finally, the optimal conditions to achieve thin and uniform surface coatings on HMX were found experimentally.     

光催化降解有机磷农药研究

通过控制调节TiO_2的用量,来探究光催化降解乐果适宜工艺的条件。通过室内试验发现,有机磷农药只有在光照和催化剂同时存在的条件下,才能被有效地降解为PO_4~(3-)。此外,对于TiO_2光催化降解乐果而言,催化剂的用量存在一个最佳值,即在TiO_2的用量为4.0 g/L时,农药的降解率最大。之后通过正交实验,得到农药降解的最佳条件,即反应物的起始浓度为0.05 mol/L,pH值11,光照强度为250 W时,乐果的降解率最大,其降解率为37.5%。     

CPB改性沸石处理奥克托今废水的研究

奥克托今废水含有多种毒性物质,如果不经处理直接排放,会危害人类健康。为了处理奥克托今废水,研究了CPB改性沸石的用量、pH值、反应时间、反应温度对CPB改性沸石处理奥克托今废水效果的影响。结果表明:CPB改性沸石对奥克托今废水有较好的处理效果,在反应温度为30℃,pH为7,奥克托今废水初始浓度为160mg/L,CPB改性沸石的用量为2.4g,反应时间为120min,奥克托今去除率达到92.9%,CODcr去除率为78.6%。     

TiO2混晶负载磷钨酸借自然光照对甲基橙的脱色性能研究

研究了以TiO2混晶负载磷钨酸为光催化剂,在光照条件下模拟染料废水甲基橙溶液的光催化脱色性能。实验结果表明:催化剂的投入量,甲基橙的初始浓度,光照时间是影响甲基橙溶液脱色率的重要因素。当H3PW12O40/TiO2催化剂用量为1.5 g/L,甲基橙的初始浓度为10 mg/L,光照时间为2.5 h时,甲基橙溶液的脱色率可达97.9%。     

超声/紫外辐射协同降解水中碱性桃红的研究

采用超声（US）/紫外（UV）辐射协同降解水中碱性桃红,考察了US/UV的协同效应以及超声功率、染料初始浓度及初始pH对降解效率的影响,并对降解动力学规律作了初步探讨.结果表明,US与UV对碱性桃红的降解具有明显的协同效应,US/UV协同作用下的降解速率比US和UV两者单独作用时的降解速率提高了2倍.降解效率随超声功率的增大以及初始浓度的减小而增大,酸性和碱性条件下的降解效果较好,而中性条件下的降解效果较差.碱性桃红的降解为一级反应,降解速率常数随超声波功率的增大而呈线性增大,随碱性桃红初始浓度的增大而呈指数下降.     

Combustion of HMX-CMDB Propellants (II)

The burning rate characteristics of HMX-CMDB propellants were examined as a function of HMX concentration. In the region of low HMX concentration, below about 50%, the burning rate decreases with increasing the HMX concentration. However, in the region of high HMX concentration, above about 50%, the burning rate increases with increasing the HMX concentration. When the measured results are extrapolated to the 100% HMX concentration, it is recognized that the burning rate approaches the burning rate of an HMX single crystal. The burning rate analysis indicates that the effect of the addition of HMX particles within double-base propellants on burning rate is determined by the reaction rates in the gas phase and in the condensed phase. The gas phase reaction rate in the fizz zone decreases monotonously as the HMX concentration increases. On the other hand, the heat of reaction at the burning surface increases as the HMX concentration increases. The experimental results indicate that the burning rate with low HMX concentration is mainly controlled by the gas phase reaction rate and the burning rate with high HMX concentration is mainly controlled by the condensed phase reaction rate.     

水溶液中纳米二氧化钛光催化降解甲基橙的影响因素

用沸腾回流直接水解法制备了粒径为25～35 nm纯锐钛矿型纳米二氧化钛(TiO2).用X射线衍射和透射电镜表征材料的结构与形貌.用该催化剂催化降解甲基橙,研究了催化剂用量、甲基橙的起始浓度、溶液pH值、光强度、溶液中添加金属离子的影响.结果表明:在较强紫外光照射下,当甲基橙的起始浓度为0.02 g/L,TiO2用量为1.0g/L,光催化效率最高.酸性条件有利于光催化降解甲基橙.掺加Fe3 或Zn2 的光催化效率显著增加.掺加Mn2 或Ca2对光催化活性没有影响.在紫外光区域(366 nm),样品对催化降解水溶液中甲基橙的活性较高.